形容词性从句-定语从句

形容词性从句-定语从句,用来修饰名词、代词、句子等，在句中的作用相当于形容词，故称为形容词性从句。,定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。,限制性定语从句对被修饰词起到限制、修饰的作用，一般不可缺少。非限制性定语从句起补充、附带说明作用，缺少也不会影响全句的理解。,e.g.Shesaidshehadfinishedherwork,whichIdoubtedverymuch.IvegotsomepersonalaffairsthatIhavetodealwith.,定语从句常用关系词,关系代词：who,whom,whose,that,which,as等（在句中作主、表、宾、定等成分）关系副词：where(onwhich),when(inwhich),why(forwhich)（在句中作状语）关联词：that（引导表示方式、时间的定语从句）,e.g.Inthisearthquake,thenumberofpeoplewholosthomesreachedasmanyas250,000.IhavemanygoodfriendstowhomIamgoingtosendpostcards.,Youretheonlypersonwhoseadvicehemightlistento.Theriverwhichrunsthroughthecenterofthecitybringsusalotofpleasure.Hehasgivenusasmuchadviceashecan.Potatocanbegrowninplaceswhereitistoocoldtogrowrice.Idontliketheway(that)youtreatus.,定语从句引导词的选择,取决于先行词（被修饰词）在定语从句中的位置、成分。e.g.ThepeoplewhomwhothatyoumetinthecampusarefromAustralia.（作宾语）ThiswasthetimewhenatwhichsheleftforBeijing.Theplacewhichheoftenvisitsisalwaysfullofartists.,使用要点,1.关系代词在从句中作主语时，不能省略。e.g.Theclassroomthatisonthefourthfloorispoorlyequipped.,2.关系代词在从句中作宾语且前面没有介词时，常可省略。e.g.Thisisthegirlwithwhomheworks.,3.关系副词在定语从句中不可省略。e.g.IhavecometoexplainthereasonwhyIwasabsentfromthemeeting.,4.只用that，不用which的情况：当先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时；当先行词前有theonly,thevery,thelast等词修饰时；当先行词为anything,nothing,something,everything,all,little,much等不定代词修饰时；当先行词前有all,every,no,some,any,little,much,few等词修饰时；Itis句型中的引导定语从句时。当先行词在定语从句中作表语时。,5.只用which，不用that的情况：引导非限制性定语从句时；引导词前有介词时；一个句子中若有两个定语从句，一个用that引导，另一个用which引导；e.g.Heboughtabookthatcouldgivehimmuchknowledgeandwhichcouldhelphimtokillthetime.6.当those作为先行词指人时，通常只能用who引导；,as从句的先行词是thesame,such,或被他们所修饰；多用于表示肯定意义的从句中，不用于表否定意义的从句中。e.g.Manyofthesportsarethesameastheywerewhentheystarted.Theresultwasnotsuchasheexpected.Itwasraininghard,which(as)wasunexpected.8.介词+关系代词要根据谓语动词的固定搭配e.g.Thisistheevidencewithwhichthecaseisconnected.先行词e.g.IllneverforgetthedayonwhichwhenIjoinedtheparty.,c.句子表达的意思e.g.ThebossinwhosedepartmentMrKingworkedgotsacked.d.在非限制性定语从句中，名词代词+of+whichwhom表示整体与部分的关系e.g.Theworkers,someofwhomstayedforfouryears,camefromdifferentcountries.e.介词的位置一般放在关系代词之前，有时也可放在从句中原来的位置上。e.g.Wediditinthesamewayinwhichhedidwhichhedidin.,9.That作为关联词可以当作关系副词用e.g.ThisisthehouseinwhichLouisXIIIlived.ThisisthehousethatLouisXIIIlived.ThisisthehousewhereLouisXIIIlived.ThisishousewhichLouisXIIIlivedin.ThisisthehouseLouisXIIIlivedin.,定语从句的使用需注意：,Mybrotherwhoisver