初三英语总复习-句子的种类

10,句子的种类（Classification）,1,陈述句分肯定句和否定句两种。陈述一件肯定的事实，我们用肯定句；陈述一件否定的事实，我们就用否定句。,1.陈述句（肯定式、否定式）（DeclarativeSentence）,否定句的构成,改为否定句:1)Lilyandlizaretwins.2)TheressomeCokeinthebottle,butthereorangejuice.3)Ihave(有)ahamburger,butlsandwiches.,Lilyandlizarenot/arenttwins.,isnotany/no,havenotany/no,1.be动词后直接加not构成否定。当have/has表示“有”时,其后直接加not构成否定。,1)Igotoworkbybikeeveryday.(改为否定句)2)MrLiteachesusmaths.(改为否定句)3)TheyhadanEnglishlessonthismorning.(改为否定句),Idonot(dont)gotoworkbybikeeveryday.,MrLidoesnot(doesnt)teachusmaths.,Theydidnot(didnt)haveanEnglishlessonthismorning.（此处have不作“有”解而表示动作),2.由实义动词构成谓语的句子，必须用助动词do/does/did+动词原形构成否定句。,1)Hewillfeeltiredafterhardwork.(否)Hefeeltiredafterhardwork.2)Weshouldobeythetrafficrules.(否)Weplayinthestreet.(must)3)Theyhadseenthefilmbefore.(否)Theyseenthefilmbefore.,willnot(wont),hadnot(hadnt),mustnt,3.若句子本身含有构成时态的助动词，情态动词的否定形式是在助动词/情态动词后not,再加相应的动词。,当have/has/had表示“有”时,其后直接加not构成否定。当have不表示“有”而表示动作时，应使用dont/doesnt/didnt+have,不能用has/have/hadnot.在现在/过去完成时态的否定句中，have/has/had是助动词,其否定形式直接用havent/hasnt/hadnt表示。Theyhavealreadyfinishedtheirwork.Theyhaventfinishedtheirworkyet.,Abouthave/has/had,1.Myfatherwasateacherinhisforties.2.TomsparentswillleaveforBeijingtomorrow.3.Janecansinglotsofsongs.4.Bettyusedtogotoworkonfoot.5.TheywerewatchingTVatthattime.6.Ilikehavingabarbecueinhotweather.7.Therearesomefishintheriver.8.MygrandmalivesinSichuan.,Haveatry!,Changethefollowingsentencesintonegative:,9.Jackhas100coinsinthebox.10.Thechildrenhadagoodtimeinthepark.11.Shesmadeanapologytohermum.12.Hedoeshishomeworkverycarefully.13.Benreadtheletteragainandagain.,Morepractice:,Hedoesntdohishomeworkverycarefully.,Thechildrendidnthaveagoodtimeinthepark.,Shehasntmadeanapologytohermum.,Bendidntreadtheletteragainandagain.,(cutcutcut,putputput,costcostcost),Jackdoesnthave100coinsinthebox.,3,2.疑问句及其回答（InterrogativeSentenceandAnswer）,提出询问的句子被称为疑问句。疑问句主要分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句。,3,一般疑问句,也称为Yes/No问句，回答必须先用Yes/No对它进行肯定或否定回答。这类问句一定是由助动词开头的，所以在Yes/No的后面，通常用哪个助动词问的，就用哪个助动词回答。,一般疑问句,a.Kathywaslateforschoolthismorning.WasKathylateforschoolthismorning?Yes,shewas./No,shewasnt.b.HaveyoubeentoCanada?Yes,Ihave./No,Ihavent.c.MayIleavealittleearliertoday?Yes,youmay/can.No,youmaynot.(无缩写)/mustnt/cant.,一般疑问句的构成,若句中本身含有be动词、构成时态的助动词或情态动词，变一般疑问句时，将其提至句首（主语之前），主语相应变化。在现在完成时中，have/has是助动词。,Be/Will/Have/Has/情态动词+主语+其他成分?,由实义动词构成谓语的句子，须用助动词Do/Does/Did构成一般疑问句。（此时动词一定要还原原形）,DoesyourfathergotoPudongbyferry?Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesnt.,助动词+主语+动词原形+其他成分？,一般疑问句的构成,注意一般疑问句中如果有两个do，其功能不同，句首的Do是助动词，是无意义的，句中的do是原句中的实义动词。,e.g.Wedoeyeexerciseseveryday.Doyoudoeyeexerciseseveryday?,英语中有些动词过去式和原形相同,请注意判断他们的时态。cost,set,cut,put,let,reade.g.TheT-shirtcostfivedollars.DidtheT-shirtcostfivedollars?TheT-shirtcostsfivedollars.DoestheT-shirtcostfivedollars?,Changethefollowingsentencesaccordingtothemodel:,Model:KittyandBenliveinGardenCity.(yes)DoKittyandBenliveinGardenCity?Yes,theydo.,Theyhavegotthreeuncles.(yes)Ilikemyjob.(yes)Ourcitywillbemorebeautifulin5yearstime.(yes)Ittakesabout15minutestogettothesea.(no)Youmayputthemeatinthefridge.(no)Thereweresomevegetablesinthebasket.(yes)Theyhadchickenwingsforlunchtoday.(no)Idliketobeabusinessmaninthefuture.(yes),Haveatry!,3,特殊疑问句是对具体信息进行询问的句子。常见的特殊疑问词：what,who,whom,whose,which,when,where,why,how,howold,howmany,howmuch,howlong,howoften，howsoon,howfar,howfast等。特殊疑问句的回答要把握以下原则：问什么，答什么；问句用什么时态，答句就用什么时态。,特殊疑问句,1.疑问词+一般疑问句语序（用于对除主语外的其它成分提问）,特殊疑问句的结构：,A:Whattimeisitbyyourwatch?B:Sevenfifty-eight.A:Howdoyoutraveltoschool?B:Bybus,thenonfoot.A:Howoftendoyoudoarevision?B:Onceaweek.,A:Whoteachesyouchemistrythisterm?B:MrLidoes.Whoseappletastedgood?Whichshirtishers?,2.疑问词+陈述句语序（用于对主语或主语的定语提问）,特殊疑问句的结构：,whatwhowhomwhosewhichwhenwhattimewherewhy,对物体进行提问对人(主语)进行提问对人(宾语)进行提问对“谁的”进行提问（可做主语，也可做定语修饰名词）对“哪个(些)”进行提问（可做主语，也可做定语修饰名词）对时间进行提问对具体时刻进行提问对地点进行提问对原因进行提问（回答要用because）,你可别嫌我烦哦,howhowoldhowmanyhowmuchhowlonghowfasthowoftenhowfarhowsoon,对方式进行提问对年龄进行提问对数量(可数名词)进行提问对数量(不可数名词/价格)进行提问对一段时间(延续性)进行提问对速度进行提问对周期/频率副词进行提问对距离进行提问对一段时间以后进行提问,我只用于一般将来时,_isitbyyourwatch?Its9:30._doyouusuallytraveltoschool?Bybus._doesTomdoarevision?Onceaweek._willshebebackfromEngland?Intwoweeks.,Choosethewordstocompleteeachsentence.,howlonghowhowfarhowfastwhosewhattimehowoftenhowsoon,Whattime,How,Howoften,Howsoon,Haveatry!,_didtheyusuallydriveinthecity?Sorry,Idontknow._haveyoulearnedEnglish?Fornearlyfiveyears._appletastedgood?Kittys._ishisschoolfromyours?Fiveminuteswalk.,howlonghowhowfarhowfastwhosewhattimehowoftenhowsoon,Howfast,Howlong,Whose,Howfar,1.IhavelivedinShanghaisince1991.2.Lifewashardatthattime.3.Bencamealongtheroad,singinghappily.4.OurdogLuckyisfouryearsold.5.Suepreferstheskirtwiththebluespots.6.Itsabout2,100kilometresfromTokyotoBeijing.7.Maryenteredthecontestbecauseshewantedtowin.8.TheGreekssucceededincapturingthecityofTroybyatrick.9.WehaveoneTVsetforthewholefamily.10.Themodelplanecost$100.,Dosomeexercises:（划线提问）,3,选择疑问句既可以用wh-疑问词开头，又可以用助动词开头，但一定要用or连接两个或两个以上的并列选项。朗读时or前用升调，or后用降调选择疑问句的回答，既不能用Yes也不能用No,选哪项就答哪项，全选就表示全部肯定，一个都不选，就用全部否定表示。,选择疑问句,A:lsMissLiorMissWanggoingtoteachusEnglishnextterm?B:MissWang.A:AreyouAmericanorCanadian?B:ImCanadian.A:Didyougocampingorsightseeingyesterday?B:Sightseeing.A:Whichdoyouprefer,sciencefictionordetectivestories?B:Both/Neither.,3,反意疑问句由两部分组成，前半句为陈述句，后半句是一个附加的简短问句，回答时用Yes或No.,反意疑问句,前半句是肯定句，后半句用否定形式加代词构成。A:ThailandisinthesouthofAsia,isntit?B:Yes,itis.前半句是否定句，后半句用肯定形式加代词构成。A:Factoriesmustntletoutdirtywaterintorivers,mustthey?B:No,theymustnt,不可用名词，人名，称谓等,对反意疑问句回答时，不要去看否定在前还在后，只看问句与事实是否相符，相符的用Yes,后面用肯定形式；不相符的用No，后面用否定形式。,陈述句中若含有否定意义的词：no,noone,nobody,never,nothing,neither,none,little,few,hardly等，疑问句部分则用肯定形式表示。,A:IthardlysnowsinSouthChina,doesit?B:No,itdoesnt.,1.Letshaveapicnic,_?2.Letushaveabarbecue,_?3.Pleaseopenthewindow,_?4.Pleasedontclosethewindow,_?,祈使句的反意疑问句，仅Lets句型用shallwe,其他都用willyou.,Haveatry!,shallwe,willyou,willyou,willyou,3,3.祈使句（ImperativeSentence）,表示命令、请求、建议、劝告的句子被称为祈使句。所有的祈使句都省略主语即第二人称you。祈使句以动词原形开头，形容词之前用动词be。祈使句的否定式用“dont+动词原形”,1.Becareful.2.Mindthedoor,children.3.Dontthrowpaperontheground,please.4.Letsmeetattheentrance.,3,4.感叹句（ExclamatorySentence）,感叹句通常由What,How引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦等感情。,感叹句的结构,How+adj./adv.Whata/an+adj.+(c)n.What+adj.+(c)n.(pl.)What+adj.+(u)n.,+主语+谓语！,确定用What还是How的关键是确定感叹部分的中心词。感叹句的中心词在主语的前面，也就是紧挨着主语的那个词。,1.感叹部分的中心词是形容词或副词时，用How开头。a.Howbeautiful(adj.)thevaseis!b.Howhard(adv.)heworks!2.感叹部分的中心词是可数名词单数形式的，用Whata(an)开头。Whatanintelligentgirl(sheis)!3.感叹部分的中心词是不可数名词或是可数名词复数形式，用What开头。a.Whatimportantadviceyouvegivenme!b.Whatfineweatheritis!c.Whatinterestingstoriestheyare!,Whatahappygirl!Howhappythegirlis!Howhappilythegirlisdancing!,Haveatry!,Practise,Sheisaverygoodgirl.Wereadagoodpieceofnews.Therearemanybeautifulflowers.,Whatagoodgirlsheis!,Whatgoodnews(itis)!,Whatbeautifulflowers(theyare)!,UsingWhat!,Sheisaverygoodgirl.Wereadagoodpieceofnews.Therearemanybeautifulflowers.,Howgoodthegirlis!,Howgoodthenewsis!,Howbeautifultheflowersare!,Practise,UsingHow!,EXERCISES,Choosethebestanswer:,Ilikeswimmingverymuch,butnowI_swimas_asIusedto.A.dont,oftenB.not,oftenC.dontoftenerD.not,oftener2.Itsdarkoutside.Youdbetter_goout.A.notB.nottoC.tonotD.dont3.-_havethescientistsbeenthere?-Forabouttwoyears.A.HowmanytimesB.HowC.WhattimeD.Howlong4.-_didthefirstmanwalkonthemoon?-In1969.A.WhatB.WhereC.WhenD.Why,5.-_doesPeterweighnow?-44kilos.A.HowheavyB.HowmuchC.HowD.What6.-_isitfromourschooltothemuseum?-About20minuteswalk.A.HowlongB.HowfastC.HowfarD.Howsoon7.Thereismaponthewall,_？A.isthereB.isntthereC.isitD.isntit8.Ourclassteacher,MissLiu,canhardlybelievethestory,_?A.cansheB.cantsheC.isntsheD.doesshe,9._ChineseinyourEnglishclass.A.DontspeakingB.DontspeakC.SpeakoutD.Notspeak10.LetusgofishingthisSaturday,_?A.wontyouB.doyouC.willyouD.dontyou11._importantpieceofnewsshestoldme!A.WhatB.HowC.WhataD.Whatan12._youaretohaveachancetogoabroad!A.WhatluckilyB.WhatluckyC.HowluckilyD.Howlucky,Rewritethefollowingsentencesasrequired:,1.Kitt