助动词的用法PPT课件

助动词的用法,授课人：杨琳,1,.,WearehavinganEnglishclass.Ihaveseenthefilm.Hedidntgohomelastnight.WewillflyforAfricanextmonth.,帮助主要动词have构成现在进行时,帮助主要动词see构成现在完成时,帮助主要动词go构成一般过去时,帮助主要动词fly构成一般将来时,Whatsthefunctionoftheunderlinedwords?,2,.,HewassenttoEngland.IwouldflytoSwedenifIwereabird.HadIlivedinLondon,IwouldhavebeentoLondonBridge.,Whatsthefunctionoftheunderlinedwords?,帮助主要动词send构成被动语态,帮助主要动词构成虚拟语气,1助动词和其他动词一起构成时态、语气和语态。可以用作助动词的有be、do、have和情态动词。,帮助主要动词构成虚拟语气,3,.,Doyoulikecollegelife?DidyoustudyEnglishbeforeyoucamehere?Idonotlikehim.Docallmetomorrow.Hedidknowthat.,Whatsthefunctionof“do/did”?,构成疑问句,构成疑问句,构成否定句,构成强调结构,构成强调结构,助动词还可用来构成否定或疑问句，以及强调结构。,4,.,总结：助动词是帮助主要动词构成各种时态,语态,语气以及否定或疑问结构的动词.助动词分为时态助动词和结构助动词两种1.助动词be的用法1）be+现在分词，构成进行时态Theyarehavingameeting.他们正在开会。Englishisbecomingmoreandmoreimportant.英语现在越来越重要。,5,.,2）be+过去分词，构成被动语态。ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom.窗户是汤姆打碎的。Englishistaughtthroughouttheworld.世界各地都教英语。3）be+动词不定式，可表示下列内容：a.表示最近、未来的计划或安排。HeistogotoNewYorknextweek.他下周要去纽约。Wearetoteachthefreshmen.我们要教新生。,6,.,b.表示命令Youaretoexplainthis.对此你要做出解Heistocometotheofficethisafternoon.要他今天下午来办公室。c.征求意见HowamItoanswerhim?我该怎样答复他？Whoistogothere?谁该去那儿呢？,7,.,d.表示相约、商定Wearetomeetattheschoolgateatseventomorrowmorning.我们明天早晨7点在校门口集合。2.助动词have的用法1）have+过去分词，构成完成时态。HehasleftforLondon.他已去了伦敦。Bytheendoflastmonth,theyhadfinishedhalfoftheirwork.上月未为止，他们已经完成工作的一半。,8,.,2）have+been+现在分词，构成完成进行时IhavebeenstudyingEnglishfortenyears.我一直在学英语，已达十年之久。3）have+been+过去分词，构成完成式被动语态。EnglishhasbeentaughtinChinaformanyyears.中国教英语已经多年。,9,.,3.助动词do的用法1）构成一般疑问句。DoyouwanttopasstheCET?你想通过大学英语测试吗？DidyoustudyGerman?你们学过德语吗？2）do+not构成否定句。Idonotwanttobecriticized.我不想挨批评Hedoesntliketostudy.他不想学习。Inthepast,manystudentsdidnotknowtheimportanceofEnglish.,10,.,3）构成否定祈使句。Dontbesoabsent-minded.不要这么心不在焉说明：构成否定祈使句只用do，不用did和does。4）放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气。Docometomybirthdayparty.一定来参加我的生日宴会。Ididgothere.我确实去那儿了。,11,.,5）用于倒装句。NeverdidIhearofsuchathing.我从未听说过这样的事情。OnlywhenwebeginourcollegelifedowerealizetheimportanceofEnglish.进了大学以后，我们才认识到英语的重要性说明：引导此类倒装句的副词有never,seldom,rarely,little,only,so,notonly.butalso,12,.,4.助动词shall和will的用法shall和will作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时。IshallstudyharderatEnglish.我将更加努力地学习英语。HewillgotoShanghai.他要去上海。,13,.,说明：现在，尤其是在口语中，will常用于各种人称，但shall只用于第一人称，如用于第二、第三人称，就失去助动词的意义，已变为情态动词，试比较:Heshallcome.他必须来。（shall有命令的意味。）Hewillcome.他要来。（will只与动词原形构成一般将来时。）,14,.,5.助动词should,would的用法1）should无词义，只是shall的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，只用于第一人称ItelephonedhimyesterdaytoaskwhatIshoulddonextweek.我昨天给他打电话，问他我下周干什么。比较：WhatshallIdonextweek?Iasked.“我下周干什么？我问道。可以说，shall变成间接引语时，变成了should。,15,.,2）would也无词义，是will的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，用于第二、第三人称。Hesaidhewouldcome.他说他要来。,16,.,练习1：请在划线处填入适当的助动词。1We_gotoLondonfirst.2ThemodernOlympicGames_heldin1896,inAthens.3What_youdoifyouhadabillion?4Hopeyouwonthavetowaitaslongaswe_.Goodluck.5Asyoucansee,I_escape.6Hehasmadegreatprogressrecently,andso_you.,will,were,would,did,did,have,17,.,练习2：Translatethefollowingsentences.1.你打电话时，我正在洗澡。2.孩子们被照顾得很好。3.我学法语已经三年了4.你去过长城吗？,Iwashavingabathwhenyoucalled.,Thechildrenaretakengoodcareof.,IhavebeenstudyingFrenchforthreeyears.,HaveyoubeentotheGreatwall?,18,.,5.我不知道那本小说的名字。6.我确实认为你该去。7.明年你要毕业了吗？8.他告诉我们他要出国学习了。9.下周我就要搬进新房子了。,Idontknowthenameofthatnovel.,Idothinkyoushouldgo.,Willyougraduatenextyear?,Hetoldusthathewouldstudyabroad.,Ishallmovetothenewhousenextweek.,19,.,1.Jacksill，sothey_changetheirplans.A.mustB.shouldC.havegottoD.oughtto2.Ifitisfinetomorrow,we_afootballmatch.A.haveB.willhaveC.hasD.shallhas,练一练,20,.,3.Inthepast30yearsChina_greatadvancesinthesocialistrevolutionandsocialistconstruction.A.hasmadeB.havemadeC.hadmadeD.havingmade4.I_gotobeduntilI_finishedmywork.A.dont/hadB.didnt/haveC.didnt/hadD.dont/have,21,.,5.Whenhewasatschool,he_earlyandtakeawalkbeforebreakfast.A.willriseB.shallriseC.shouldriseD.wouldrise,22,.,巩固练习1.Ifitisfinetomorrow,we_afootballmatch.A.haveB.willhaveC.hasD.shallhas2.Whenhewasatschool,he_earlyandtakeawalkbeforebreakfast.A.willriseB.shallriseC.shouldriseDwouldrise3.Inthepast30yearsChina_greatadvancesinthesocialistrevolutionandsocialistconstruction.A.hasmadeB.havemadeC.hadmadeD.havingmade,23,.,4.I_gotobeduntilI_finishedmywork.A.dont/hadB.didnt/haveC.didnt/hadD.dont/have5._youthinkhe_backbydinnertime?A.Do/havecomeB.Did/willhavecomeC.Does/willcomeD.Do/willhavecome6.Hesaidthathedroppedhisbagwhenhe_forthebus.A.wasruningB.wasrunningC.wererunningD.isrunning,24,.,7.Nosooner_hearrivedhomethanhe_tostartonanotherjourney.A.has/wasaskedB.have/wereaskedC.had/isaskedD.had/wasasked8.“_yougivemearoomforthenight?”Iaskedonarrivingatthehotel.A.ShouldB.CanC.MightD.May,25,.,9.Therearenineofthem,so_getintothecaratthesametime.A.theymaynotatallB.alltheymaynotC.theycantallD.alltheycant10.“Wedidntseehimatthelectureyesterday.”“He_it.”A.mustntattendB.cannothaveattendedC.wouldhavenotattendedD.neednthaveattended,26,.,11.“Yourealizethatyouweredrivingat100mph,dontyou?”“No,officer.I_.Thiscarcantdomorethan80.”A.didntneedtobeB.maynothavebeenC.couldnthavebeenD.neednthavebeen12.Hewasagoodrunnersohe_escapefromthepolice.A.mightB.succeededtoC.wouldD.wasableto,27,.,13.Ifthey_,ourplanwillfallflat.A.areco-operatingB.hadnotco-operatedC.wontco-operateD.didntco-operate14.Ihoped_myletter.A.hertoanswerB.thatshewouldanswerC.thatsheanswersD.heranswering,28,.,15.He_liveinthecountrythaninthecity.A.prefersB.likestoC.hadbetterD.wouldrather16._toseeafilmwithustoday?A.DidyoulikeB.WouldyoulikeC.WillyoulikeD.Haveyouliked17.Imsorry,butIhadnoalternative.Isimply_whatIdid.A.mustdoB.hadtodoC.oughttohavedoneD.havetodo,29,.,18.“Timeisrunningout,_?”A.hadnt