2012年高考英语阅读理解技巧-猜测词义ppt课件

2012高考阅读理解解题技巧猜词,1,Ifyoucomeacrossthenewwordswhenreading,Whatwillyoudo?,2,Ignore(忽略）themandcontinuereading,Lookthemupinthedictionary,Guessthemeaning,3,Howtoguessthemeaningsofwords,4,高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求,要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能：、理解主旨要义；、理解文中具体信息；、根据上下文推断生词的词义；、作出简单判断和理解；、理解文章的基本结构；、理解作者的意图和态度。,5,词义猜测题常用的提问方式有：1.Theword“”refersto/probablymeans/couldbestbereplacedby_.2.Theword“”ismostlikelytomean_.3.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“”standsfor?4.Theunderlinedword“”means_.,Lead-in(导入),6,上下文,构词法,猜测词意,阅读理解之,猜测词意,7,1.Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle-thatis,itwillbreakeasily.2.Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.3.Acalendarisalistofthedays,weeks,monthsofaparticularyear.,1.定义、解释或举例,Guess,adj.易碎的脆的,n.牧人,n.日历,8,小结,通过定义,定语从句/同位语/词或词组(is;was;mean;thatis;thatstosay;or;namely;inotherwords;toputitanotherway;i.e,suchas;like;especially;forinstance;forexample)破折号、冒号等来确定词义,9,Ex1Yet,shopkeepersmayhavetospendextrahourstodealwithproblems,suchasshoplifters,whoalwaystakeawaythingsfromtheshopwithoutpayingforthem.,10,Usingwordformation（构词法）,prefix(前缀）,suffix（后缀）,un-,baseword(词根）,forget,-able,2.根据构词法：合成、派生（前缀、后缀）、转化等,11,Withtheirshiningbrowneyes,waggingtails,andunconditionallove,dogscanprovidethenonjudgmentallistenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence.(2003NMET),12,unconditional:,无条件的,绝对的adj.,condition,conditional,情况，条件n.,有条件的adj.,unconditional:,13,nonjudgmental:,没有判断力的,judge,judgment,judgmental,判断v.,判断n.,adj.,nonjudgmental:,14,-er-or-ian-ist-ese-ess,后缀,构成可数名词,猜一猜:solutiondruggistelectriciangreatnessreminder,构词法,-ment-tion-ness-sion-ery-ing,后缀,构成抽象名词,15,dis-in-mis-un-non-,否定前缀,re-co-mini-over-super-pre-post-vice-en-tele-,其它前缀,重复,共同,平等,小,过度,超出,-后,副的,使-可能,远程,-前,16,猜一猜:minicarpostwarsupermarketpreviewpreschoolrecallirrelative,微型汽车战后超市预习学前回忆,回想无关系的,17,nonstandarddisloyalunlockco-workeroveractivevicepresident,不标准的不忠诚的开锁合作者过分活跃副总统,18,-al-ble-ern-ful-ish-ive-less-y-ly-ous,形容词后缀,enizeify,动词后缀,e.g.weakenrealizesatisfy,猜猜:strengthensimplifymountainouscourageouschangeablelifelesshillyfictional,19,3.根据同义词，反义词关系,1.Thenewtaxlawsupersedes,orreplaces,thelawthatwasineffectlastyear.2.Ifyouagree,write“Yes”;ifyoudissent,write“No”.3.Inmanynationstherearetwofinancialextremes,frompenurytogreatwealth,and,or,suchas,like，forexample,forinstance常连接同义词组。,小结,取代,不同意,非常贫穷,20,Allhisattemptstounlockthedoorwasfutile,becauseshewasusingthewrongkey.Shedidnothearwhatyousaidbecauseshewascompletelyengrossedinherreading.,徒劳的,Guess,4.根据因果关系,小结,全神贯注,常用关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，asaresult,sothat,suchthat，therefore等)表示前因后果。,21,Ex-Rubbercanbemadetostretchmorethanninetimesitsnormallengthbecauseitisveryelastic.Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow.,adj.弹性的,adj.混浊的,22,Ourmathsprofessorclaimsthatalltheproblemshegivesusaresimpleones，however，wefeelthattheyareintricateandhardtosolve.,5.根据对比和转折关系,表转折关系的词常有如but,while,however,insteadof,ratherthan,unlike,yet,otherwise,though，onthecontrary等。,小结,复杂的,23,1.TheweatherinHawaiiisalwaysmild.Itispleasantandwarm.Thereisusuallyalightwindtocooltheair.2.Earlyhumanbeingsusedveryfragilehousesandboats.Oftenstrongwindswouldtearroofsfromhousesorcausehighwavesthatendangeredtravelers.PeoplesfoodsuppliesweresimilarlyvulnerableTheunderlinedwordvulnerablemeans：A.impossibletomakesureofB.likelytobeprotectedC.easytodamageD.difficulttofind,温和的,6.根据上下文线索,24,1.Inolddays,whengirlsfromrichfamiliesweremarriedtotheirhusbands,theyexpectedtobringwiththemselvesalargequantityofdowry.2.Mostoftherosesarebeginningtowitherbecauseofthecold.,嫁妆,7.根据生活经验,生活常识,逻辑推理,枯萎,25,3.Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient,heusuallygivesananaesthetictomakehimunconscious,becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.,冷缩,麻药,26,4.Whenyouthrowastoneintostillwaterofalake,youwillwatcharipplespreadinringsonthesurfaceofwater.5.Metalexpandswhenheatedandcontractswhencooled.,波纹,冷缩,膨胀,27,Ex.Oneofsymptomscausedbythepeculiarillnessisahighfever.Becausethischemicalliquidishighlyvolatile,wemustkeepitinabottlewhichhasatightlid.Inthestrongwind,thebeggarshiveredwiththeterriblecold.,症状,易挥发的,颤抖,28,因果,猜,构词法,Howtoguessthemeaningofwords?,定义,同/反义词,对比转折,上下文,生活常识,同位语,29,小试身手,Albertssuccessaftermucheffortandpracticeprovesthevalueofpersistence.A.timeB.competitionC.perseverance2.Allhisattemptstounlockthedoorwasfutile,becausehewasusingthewrongkey.A.成功的B.徒劳的C.有效的D.匆促的3.ThoughMr.Smithhasbeenmanagerforjust3months,hehasalreadymademuchgreaterachievementsthanhispredecessors.A.上级B.前任C.同事D.下级,祝,功,成,你,!,30,4.Shedidnthearwhatyousaidbecauseshewascompletelyengrossedinherreading.A.心不在焉的B.紧张的C.全神贯注的D.睡意浓的5.Twelve-year-oldSallywasanactivegirl.Buthersisterwasquitesedate.A.prettyB.calmC.protectiveD.energetic6.Heisaresoluteman.Oncehemakesuphismindtodosomething,hewontgiveituphalfway.A.strongB.firmC.kindD.clever,祝,功,成,你,!,31,7.Theofficialaskedthemanwhathisoccupationwas.Themantoldhimthatheworkedasanengineer.A.workB.studyC.nameD.interest8.Thosenewcomerswerenotusedtothelifeinthesuburbswhichwassodifferentfromthatinsidethecity.A.townB.capitalC.countryD.house9.Youcantakeanyoftheperiodicals:TheWorldofEnglish,ForeignLanguageTeachinginSchool,orEnglishLearning.A.dictionariesB.story-booksC.magazinesD.newspapers,祝,功,成,你,!,32,10.Theflowersinthevasewitheredbecausetheyhadnowater.A.becamesweeterB.becameredC.becamedry11.Justforfun,theydecidedtotryaverycircuitouscountryroadinsteadofthemoredirecthighway.A.directB.indirectC.straight12.Thatmuseumissoimmensethatitwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibitsinoneday.A.smallB.largeC.dull,祝,功,成,你,!,33,Whatdoes“inthepubliceye”mean?A.公众熟悉的,出名的Tips:inpublic在公众场合thepublic大众eye眼睛,Guess,B.在群众的眼里C.公开的D.令人眼热的,MrZhangoftenappearsinpublic.Butheisnotfamousheisnotinthepubliceye.,34,根据生词所在的上下文猜测词义,例题：Tomcantfindhissneakers.C.shoes,Tomcantfindhiswhitesneakers,Tomcantplaytennisnowbecausehecantfindhiswhitesneakers.,A.money,B.bowls,35,l）Janeisusuallyprompt.AlateBontimeCpleased,Janeisusuallypromptforherclasses,Janeisusuallypromptforallherclasses，butshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.,adj.敏捷的,迅速的,即时的adv.准时地,36,2）TomsawanowllastnightAabirdBananimalCthesun,Tomsawanowlinatreelastnight,Tomsawanowllastnightbutitflewawaywhenhegotnear,猫头鹰,37,3）TheboywantsaponyAdogBcatChorse,Theboywantsabrownpony,Theboywantstorideabrownpony.,小型马,38,4）Thechildrenarelookingatanape.AakindofmonkeyBakindofsnakeCakindofbird,Thechildrenarelookingatanapeatthezoo,Thechildrenarelookingatalarge,hairy(毛的)apeatthezoo,猿,39,5）ThetroutisverycheapAfishBfruitCapple,Thefreshtroutisverycheap,Thefreshtroutisverycheap,butIdontknowhowtocookit,鲑鱼,40,6)TheladyaskedthewaitresstogetherasaucerAaglassBacakeCasmallplate,Theladyaskedthewaitresstogetheracleansaucer,Theladyaskedthewaitresstogetheracleansaucertoputhercoffeecupon,茶托,41,7)Weseldomseeasparrownow.AakindofdogBakindofplaneCakindofbird,Weseldomseeasparrowinthesky.,Weseldomseeasparrowintheskybecausetheairisnotsocleannowasusedtobe,麻雀,42,信号词：be,becalled,means,bedefinedasAmosquitoisasmallflyingpestthatthrusttheskinandthendrinkblood.Desertcanbedefinedasalargeareaoflandwherethereisnotenoughrainandvegetationtosupporthumanlife.,1、定义或解释说明,蚊子,沙漠,43,Ex.1Apersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalledacarpenter.Hisuncleisazoologist,anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals.Weareonthenightshift-frommidnightto8a.m.-thisweek.,木匠,动物学家,夜班,44,2、对比关系信号词:but,however,yet,otherwise,while,though,ontheonehandontheotherhand,foronethingforanotherthing,insteadof等ThoughTomsfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.Johnusuallywastesalotofmoneyonsuchuselessthings,hiswife,however,isverythrifty.,污秽的,节约的,45,Ex.2Inthepasttheworldseemedtoruninanorderlyway.Now,however,everythingseemstobeinastateofturmoil.Somehumanactionsarelearned,butquiteafewotheractionsareinnate.Althoughalargenumberofpeopleconsideredhimtohavestolenthemoney,Iwassurethathewasinnocentofthetheft.,混乱,无辜的,天生的,46,3、因果关系信号词:because,since,as,for,dueto,so,therefore,sothat,suchthat,thusRubbercanbemadetostretchmorethanninetimesitsnormallengthbecauseitisveryelastic.Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow.,弹性的,混浊的,47,Ex.3SinceIcouldnotaffordtopurchasetheoriginalpainting,Iboughtareplica.Aninexperiencedeyecouldnottellthedifference.Hessuchashrewdbusinessmanthathelosesnomoneyinanytrade.Shewantedthehairdressertotrimherhairabitbecauseitwastoolong.,复制品,精明的,修剪,48,装置,4、举例法信号词:such,suchas,like,forexample/instance,especially,include,consistofCarsmusthavecertainsafetydevicessuchasseatbelt,headlights,andgoodbrakes.Onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry,suchaschickens,ducksandgeese,fortheireggsandmeat.,家禽,设备,49,5、重述信号词:or,thatis(tosay),inotherwords,toputitanotherway,i.e.Insomecountrieswherethereisverylittlerain,thefarmershavetoirrigate,orwater,theirfields.Allwhalesfallintotwogroups,thosewithteethandthosewithout,Dolphinsbelongtoodontoceti,thatistosay,theyaretoothedwhales.,灌溉,灌溉,有牙齿的,50,6、同义词、近义词信号词:or,like,asas,thesameasThenewtaxlawsupersedes,orreplaces,thelawt