初三定语从句(区公开课课件共35张PPT) .ppt.ppt

,定语从句(1)attributiveclauses,step1:开篇语,1.定语从句是英语语法的重点，在文章的阅读中有着举足轻重的地位，本课将从定语，先行词，关系词等核心概念为你耐心讲解；2.关系代词that/which/who/whom在句中作什么成分？是否可以省略，本课通过典型例题为你支高招；,step2:revision,idonotknowhowtodealwithit.,主语,谓语,宾语,主语subject-表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”，也就是动作的发出者。,谓语predicate-说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或者“怎么样”，也就是做了什么行为动作或处于什么状态。,宾语object-表示动作、行为的对象，也就是动作的接受者。,coloursinfluenceourmoods.,主语,谓语,宾语,step3:leadin,pleaseguessthechinesemeaningofthefollowingproverbs(谚语):,1.hewhodoesnotreachthegreatwallisnotatrueman.2.godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.3.hewholaughslastlaughsbest.tips:在平时的学习中请注意积累相关的谚语或成语，不仅可以掌握相关的语法结构，还可以灵活地运用到写作当中，给文章增色,step4:learnattributiveclauses,task1:learnsomeknowledgeabouttheattributiveclauses,1.定语2.定语从句3.先行词和关系词4.关系词的作用5.定语从句的结构,1.什么是定语(attribute)？,ilikethecolours.whichcolours?,energetic,anancientcountrythecolourofwisdomthehigh-speedrailwayconnectingatobthepersonwhohasinfluencedmemost,定语-是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语、或句子。汉语中常翻译成“的”,前置定语-单词、或单个的分词做定语时通常放在它修饰的词之前做前置定语,1.wuweiisabornartist.2.tandunlovesthesoundsoftherushingwater.,后置定语-介词短语、分词短语和定语从句通常放在它所修饰的词之后，作后置定语,1.peopleincoldareaspreferwarmcoloursintheirhomes.2.thediarywaswrittenbyagirlnamedannefrank.3.hecareforthechildrenwhohavelosttheirparents.4.thebloodhehasdonatedisenoughtosaveover70lives.,ipreferthepencil.whichone?thepencilcostme10yuan.iprefercostme10yuan.,which/that,thepencil,thepencil,.,.,2.什么是定语从句(attributiveclause)？,定语从句-在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子,定语从句-在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子,1.heneverforgetsthethingsheneedstodo.2.youshouldpaynoattentiontothosewholaughatyou.3.hegaveourtvtofamilywhocouldnotaffordone.,tips:定语从句是修饰某一名词或代词的从句,于是我们只要找到了被修饰的名词或代词，则修饰它的句子就是定语从句。,3.什么是先行词和关系词？,mydadhasafriendwho/thatisgoodatenglish.,定语从句,关系代词,who/that为关系代词，在从句中代替friend.,先行词,mydadhasafriend.heisgoodatenglish.,3.先行词,是被定语从句所修饰的词,通常是名词或代词。,4.关系词,是引导定语从句的关联词，在从句中替代先行词。注意:从句必须紧跟在先行词后。,4.关系词(relativepronoun)的作用是什么呢？,a引导定语从句；,b代替先行词（先行词的一个替代形式）；hewrotemanybooks.thebookssoldwell.-hewrotemanybookswhich/thatsoldwell.,c在定语从句中担当一个成分-主语或宾语,idontlikethemanthat/whoissmoking.（主语）,thisisthereply(that/which)ivejustreceived.(宾语),5.定语从句的结构,.先行词（名词/代词）+关系代词（who/which/that/whom)+.,1.heneverforgetsthethingsthat/whichheneedstodo.2.youshouldpaynoattentiontothosethat/wholaughatyou.3.doyouknowtheteachersthat/whoaresittinginourclassroomnow?,task2:howtomakeaattributiveclause?,将两个句子合并成定语从句,matchthetwosentences,1.imreadinganarticle.thearticleisabouttom.,imreadinganarticlethat/whichisabouttom.,2.sheisateacher.theteacherteachesusenglish.,sheisateacherthat/whoteachesusenglish.,3.whereisthecoat?youboughtitlastweek.,whereisthecoatwhich/thatyouboughtlastweek?,1.找先行词,2.换关系词,3.抄其余部分,task3:howtouserelativepronouns?如何使用关系代词that/which/who/whom？,which代替事物，在从句中充当主语和宾语,1.icantfindtheletter.thelettercamethismorning.2.pleasegivemethebook.thebookisabouttravel.3.thisisthebag.mymotherboughtitlastweek.4.thehouseismadeofwood.jackbuiltthehouse.,thisisthebagwhichmymotherboughtlastweek.,icantfindtheletterwhichcamethismorning.,pleasegivemethebookwhichisabouttravel.,thehousewhichjackbuiltismadeofwood.,关系代词在从句中作宾语时,可以省略,做主语时,不能省略。,/,/,that,that,that,that,groupwork,/that,that代替人，在从句中充当主语和宾语。,1.theboyiscalledtom.theboybrokethewindow.theboythatbrokethewindowiscalledtom.2.mr.liistheperson.youtalkedwiththepersononthebus.mr.liuisthepersonthatyoutalkedwithonthebus.关系代词在从句中作宾语时，可以省略。,/,groupwork,who代替人.在从句中可充当主语。,doyouknowthegirl?whichgirl?1.thegirlisrunningonthegrass.2.thegirllikessingingverymuch.1.doyouknowisrunningonthegrass.2.doyouknowlikessingingverymuch.,who,who,thegirl,thegirl,thegirl,thegirl,?,?,groupwork,who/whom代替人,在从句中充当宾语。,heistheman.itoldyouabouthim.heisthemanitoldyouabout.themanisateacher.isawthemanjustnow.themanisateacher.,who,isawjustnow,whom,theman,who,whom,him,.,groupwork,summary关系代词的用法,howtouserelativepronouns?,何时可以省略？,做宾语时可以省略,小结：that既可指人，也可指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。which指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略.,who指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略,（常用whom）,task4强调特例,(1)当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词形式由先行词决定。,1.thosewhoagainsttheplanputupyourhands.(be),2.themanwhonexttoourssellsvegetables.(live),3.tomisoneofthestudentswhopraisedbytheteacheryesterday.(be),are,lives,were,4.tomistheonlyoneofthestudentswhopraisedbytheteacheryesterday.(be),was,(2)关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可省略，作主语则不可。,1.didyoureadthebook_ilendtoyou?a.whoseb./c.whod.what2.didyoureadthebook_waspopularatthemoment.a.thatb./c.whod.what,b,a,（3）关系代词有时只能用that,不可用which,初中常见的有以下两种情况,thatisthemostinterestingbookthatihaveeverread.,thefirstthingthatishoulddoistoreviewmylessons.,themanandhisdogthatialwaysmeetarestandingbythegate.,2.先行词同时包括人或物时,1.当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时,task5:doexercises,exercise1:,1.thewoman_isinredishismother.a.whomb.whoc.whosed.which2.wesawafilm_wasaboutanoldstory.a.whenb.whoc.thatd.where3.ionlyeatfood_ishealthy.a.thatb.whoc.whered.whose4.ilikesingers_differentkindsofmusic.a.whoplaysb.whoplayc.whocanplaysd.whomplays,theboy_isstandingunderthetreeismyfriendtom.helivesinahouse_standsonahill.thatlittlegirl_tomoftenhelpsishissistermary.thebird_issinginginthecageistomstoo.bobishisdog_tomandmaryoftenplaywith.thedogisgreat.yesterdayhecaughtathief_runningaway.,exercise2:用who/whom/which/that填空,who/that,which/that,who/whom/that,which/that,which/that,who/that,exercise3:合并为定语从句,1.thisisadream.thisdreamwillnevercometrue.,thisisadreamthat/whichwillnevercometrue.,2.thedoghasbeenfound.thedogwaslost.,thedogthat/whichwaslosthasbeenfound.,3.heisagoodstudent.teachersareproudofhim.,heisagoodstudentthat/who/whomteachersareproudof.,exercise4,tryyourbesttof