动词不定式句法作用

动词不定式,施继平,非谓语动词之,课件设计：课件制作：总体计划：,不定式在句子中的作用(1),主语A.Itis(was)+adj.(n.)+todosthB.It+vt.+n.(pron.)+todosthItsoftendifficultformetodecidewhattodo.Itmadeusveryangrytohearhimtalklikethat.,不定式在句子中的作用(2),表语A.表示预定要发生的动作或未来的可能性或假设B.说明主语的内容C.用于正式的指示或命令HeistoreturnfromParistomorrow.Myjobistowashplates.Threetabletsaretobetakentwiceaday.,不定式在句子中的作用(3),宾语A.接动词不定式做宾语(afford,agree,decide,expect,happen,hope,wish,refuse,etc.)Theyexpectedtoseethebosssoon.B.Subj.+vt.+it+adj.(n.)todosth.Doyouconsideritbetternottogo?,不定式在句子中的作用(4),宾语补足语基本结构：Subj.+vt.+sb.+todosth.(allow,ask,order,want,expect,force,etc)Theyexpectedthegirltosucceedintheexamination.,不定式在句子中的作用(5),状语表示目的、结果和原因等Welivetoservethepeople.Letshurrysoasnottobelateforthemeeting.WhathaveIsaidtomakeyousoexcited?Wejumpedwithjoytohearthenews.,不定式在句子中的作用(6-1),定语(1)A.动宾关系(不定式修饰的词是不定式动作逻辑上的宾语)Doyouhaveanythingmoretosay?(n.+todo.)Thereisnothingtoworryabout.(n.+tovi+prep.)Letsfindaroomtoputthebikein.(n.+tovt+n.+p.)Wehaventachairtobeseatedin.(n.+tobev-ed+p.)Ihavealettertowrite.Ihaveapentowritewith.Ihavenoinktowritein.Ihavenopapertowriteon.,（注意观察和思考）,不定式在句子中的作用(6-2),定语(2)B.主谓关系(不定式修饰的词是不定式逻辑上的主语)Heisntamantobowbeforedifficulties.Shewasthefirstpersontothinkoftheidea.C.纯粹定语(被修饰词通常是time,way等）Itstimetogohome.Isthatthebestwaytosolvetheproblem?,TO代替整个动词不定式,当动词不定式重复前面的某个动词时，可以使用to代替，而省略该动词。IwenttherebecauseIwantedto(go).Idontdancemuchnow,butIusedto(dance)alot.Anyonewhowantsto(goforawalk)cangoforawalkroundAswan.,“TO”的省略(1),感觉动词、使役动词后面的to常省略，但是被动语态中的to不能省略两个动词不定式由and、or、but、than、except等连接在一起时，第二个不定式常常省略toIdliketoliedownandgotosleep.Illdoanythingbutworkonafarm.Doyouwanttohavelunchnoworwaittilllater?Itseasiertopersuadepeoplethan(to)forcethem.,“TO”的省略(2),口语中，在come、go、run、hurryup等动词后，可用and代替表示目的的动词不定式Comeandhaveadrink.Wouldyougoandtellthemtoshutup?hadbetter(not)dosth.wouldratherdosth(thandosth)HedratherwatchTVthangotoseeafilm.prefertodosthratherthandosthRatherthanwait,hepreferstogohomeonfoot.Why(not)dosth?,动词不定式的复合结构,forsbtodosthItsamistakeforusnottohelpthem.Thecoffeewastoohotformetodrink.Its+adj.+ofsbtodosth(kind,nice,brave,stupid,clever,etc.)Itskindofyoutothinksomuchofme.,be+adj.+todo(sth),be+v-ed+todosthIwasverypleasedtoseeyouyesterday.subj.+be+adj.+todo(vt.)(不定式逻辑上的宾语是句子主语)Thequestioniseasytoanswer.Shesnicetotalkto.Itsnotabadplacetolivein.,enough和too,adj.+enough(forsb)todosthHeisntoldenoughtogotoschool.too(forsb)todosthTheappleistoohighforustopick.NOTICE:Imtoogladtoseeyou.Hestooreadytohelpyou.,动词不定式的时态(1),动词不定式与谓语动作同时发生或不定式后发生，动词不定式用一般时态。Theyinvitedustogotherenextweek.动词不定式先于谓语动作发生，动词不定式用完成时态。Hessaidtohavewrittenanewnovel.ImsorrynottohavecomeonWednesday.,动词不定式的时态(2),谓语动作发生时，不定式动作正在进行，动词不定式用进行式。Theyresaidtobebuildingabridge.Wedidntexpectyoutobewaitingforushere.,动词不定式的被动式(1),含被动的一般情况Sheoughttobetoldaboutit.Nothingseemstohavebeenforgotten.Thisformistobefilledininink.therebe后可用主动的或被动的动词不定式Theresalotofworktodo(tobedone).,动词不定式的被动式(2),tobeseen,tobefound等常用在be之后Hewasnowheretobeseen(found).toblame常用于表示被动的意思“受责怪”Nobodywastoblamefortheaccident.,END,非谓语动词之,分词,分词作定语（1）,现在分词表示主动的、正在进行的动作；过去分词表示被动的、已经完成的动作。单个分词放在所修饰词之前，分词短语放在所修饰词之后Thebrokenglassismine.Hefiredattherunningwolf.WhatsthelanguagespokeninGermany?ThemanspeakingGermanishisfather.NOTICE:Thisistheonlyplaceleft.Mostofthepeoplesinging/questionedwerestudents.,分词作定语（2）,现在分词一般式被动态与过去分词的异同A.都表示被动；B.时间不一致Thehousebeingbuiltwillbeatheatre.Thehousebuiltwithwoodisatheatre.含分词的复合词作定语man-madefibers(人造纤维);afox-huntingman;well-knownscientists;English-speakingcountries情感类分词作定语Hespokeinafrightened/frighteningvoice.他用（自己）害怕的/令人害怕的声音说。,分词作表语,分词可以表示主语所处的状态Thecupisbroken.Thedoorremainedlocked.情感类分词作表语：现在分词：“令人”,“让别人”过去分词：“自己受”Weweredeeplyencouraged.Ifastoryisexciting,youareexcitedwhenyoureadit.Hisdisappointedwordsprovedthatyouweredisappointing.,分词作宾语补足语,分词或分词短语可以用在表示感觉的动词(see,hear,feel,etc.)以及其它某些动词(find,get,have,etc.)的宾语后面作宾语补足语，此时要注意宾语和宾补之间的关系是主动的还是被动的。Isawtwomenplantingtrees.Ifoundtreesplantedinlines.Themapsstolenbythecaptainwerefoundhiddeninabook.,分词作状语,可以表时间、方式、伴随、原因和条件等；分词逻辑主语应该是句子主语；主动意思用现在分词，被动意思用过去分词Shesatatthewindowreadinganovel.Caughtintherain,hewaswet.Givenmoretime,Illworkitout.注意个别表达方式Generallyspeaking,mencanrunfasterthanwomen.Judgingfromhisexpression,hesveryangry.连词+分词Oncetalkedto,youmaypretendtobewriting.Oncetalkingtohim,youllknowheisagoodman.,现在分词的完成式,现在分词的完成式一般用在状语中，表示该动作发生在谓语动作之前，现在分词完成时不能作定语（此时要用定语从句）Nothavingfoundthebook,hewasverysorry.Havingbeengivensuchagoodchance,Imustfinishthebook.,分词和不定式的差异,作宾语的差异cross(已经发生)Isawhimthestreet.crossing(正在发生)作定语的差异nowismine.Thehouse(build)lastmonthistheirs.nextmonthisours.(beingbuilt;built;tobebuilt),独立主格结构以及with结构,分词作状语，其逻辑主语应该是句子主语；否则，分词前面要加n./pron.构成独立主格结构；n./pron.前面再加上with就是with结构Theguideleadingtheway,wesetoffonfoot.Hestoodtherewithhishandstiedtothefence.,END,非谓语动词之,动名词,只能接动名词作宾语的动词,下列动词后只能接动名词作宾语：advise,avoid,admit,canthelp,consider,delay,enjoy,finish,mind,miss,practise,suggest,escape,appreciate,imagine,excuse,celebrate,etc.Imaginenotknowingtheanswertosuchaneasyquestion.Imconsideringacceptingyourproposal.,V.+to+v.-ing,下列含介词to的短语动词后接v.-ing:lookforwardto,beusedto,referto,leadto,stickto,payattentionto,devoteto,preferdoingto,objectto,etc.Ilookforwardtoseeingyouverymuch.,可接v.-ing的其它词,在aswellas,any/some/nouse(good),like,than等词后可接v.-ing:Whynotdosomethinguseful,likecleaningtheflat?Aswellasbreakinghisleg,hehurthisarm.,带逻辑主语的动名词,通常由物主代词或名词所有格+v.-ing构成，在口语中有时也用宾格代词或名词+v.-ing构成，但作主语时，不能用后者。Ihopeyoudontmindmytellingyouallthis.Thestormdelayedtheshipsleavingtheharbor.,动名词的主动表示被动,下列动词后接主动的动名词但是表达被动意义：need,want,require,beworthThebikeneeds(wants,requires)repairing.(toberepaired)Thefilmiswellworthseeing.,动名词的语态和时态,动名词的动作发生在谓语动作之前，动名词用完成时；根据情况用被动形式：Everyonedislikesbeinglaughedat.Youmentionedhavingbeeninhospitallastyear.Hesaidhedidntmindhavingbeenleftathome.,能接不定式和动名词的动词（1）,forget(remember)IllneverforgetseeingtheplayinParis.Dontforgettocallmewhenyougethome.stopHestoppedtolookatthemap.Whydidyoustopworking?regretIregrettosaythatIcannothelpyou.IdontregrettellinghimwhatIthought.goonHewentonworkingwithouttakingarestAfterreadingthetext,hewentontowrite.,能接不定式和动名词的动词（2）,meanImeantoleavetomorrow.Iwontwaitifitmeansdelayingtwoweeks.like(love,hate,dislike)IlikeswimmingbutIdontliketoswimintheswimming-pool.tryTryand(to)challengethechampion.Itriedsendingherflowersbutitdidnthaveanyeffect.begin(start)(通常接不定式和动名词一样，但是下列情况用todo)Itbegantorain.(自然现象）Shebegantounderstandwhathereallywanted.（心理情况）Shewasbeginningtogetaway.（begin用进行时）,其它词的情况,beafraidImafraidtotellher.(怕而不敢)Imafraidoftellingher.(怕而不愿)allow,advise,forbid,permit,considerWedontallowpeopletosmokehere.(allowsb.todosth.)Wedontallowsmokingintheroom.(allowdoingsth.)Heisconsideredtohavedonethat.比较：minddoingsth;mindsbsdoingsth,v.-ing属于分词的情况,do+v.-inggo+v.-ingdo与v.-ing之间一般要有一个“限定词”dosomeshopping,doalotofrunning,domuchreadinggo+v.-ing中，v.-ing通常是体育娱乐活动goboating/climbing/dancing/shoppingcatchsbdoingsth撞见，发觉sendsbdoingsth(逼)使某人做Theteachercaughthimsleepinginclass.Theearthquakesenthimrushingoutoftheroom.,重要的介词+v.-ing,indoingsth.(when-clause)ondoingsth.(assoonas-caluse)bydoingsth.withoutdoingsth(if-clause)THEEND,EXERCISES:suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.Suffered2.atthedoorbeforeenteringplease.A.KnockedB.ToknockC.KnockingD.Knocklateinthemorning,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.HavingsleptOnelearnsalanguagebymakingmistakesandthem.A.correctB.correctingC.correctsD.tocorrect5.Therearefivepairs,butImatalosswhichtobuy.A.tobechosenB.tochoosefromC.tochooseD.forchoosing6.-Mum,whydoyoualwaysmakemeeataneggeveryday?-enoughproteinandnutritionasyouaregrowingup.A.GetB.GettingC.TogetD.Tobegetting(ADABBC),7.Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeople.A.haveitdoB.haveitdoneC.havedoneitD.havingitdone8.Theladysaidshewouldbuyagiftforherdaughterwiththe.A.20dollarsremainedB.20dollarstoremainC.remained20dollarsD.remaining20dollars9.Mr.Reedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadtosomeschoolsforpoorchildren.A.setupB.settingupC.havesetupD.havingsetupthegeneralstateofhishealth,itmaytakehimawhiletorecoverfromtheoperation.A.Giv