鱼我所欲也 (2)

状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,富贵不能淫，贫贱不能移，威武不能屈，此之谓大丈夫。（孟子）生命诚可贵，爱情价更高，若为自由故，二者皆可抛。（裴多菲）人生自古谁无死，留取丹心照汗青。（文天祥）,新课导入,23孟子二则,1.了解孟子及孟子的相关知识；积累重点词语，理解文章内容。(重点)2.学习运用对比说理、比喻说理的论证方法和排比、反问的修辞手法。(难点)3.理解孟子所阐述的“舍生取义”和“大丈夫”的内涵，加强自身的道德修养。(重点),学习目标,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,孟子（约前372-前289），名轲，邹（今山东邹城东南）人，战国时期思想家，儒家学派代表人物之一，被认为是孔子学说的继承者，有“亚圣”之称。,作者简介,孟子是“四书”之一，战国中期孟子及其弟子万章、公孙丑等著。书中记载有孟子及其弟子的政治、教育、哲学、伦理等思想观点和政治活动。儒家经典之一，现存七篇十四卷。,作品简介,鱼我所欲也,字词注音,苟得（）所恶（）一豆羹（）箪（）蹴尔（）得兼（）,u,w,n,dn,c,jin,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,通假字,故患有所不辟也（）万钟则不辩礼义而受之（）所识穷乏者得我与（）乡为身死而不受（）,通“避”，躲避,通“辨”，分辨,通“德”，感德,通“向”，从前,得兼：生：义：,即“兼得”，同时获得。,鱼，我所欲也，熊掌，亦我所欲也，二者不可得兼，舍鱼而取熊掌者也。生，亦我所欲也，义，亦我所欲也，二者不可得兼，舍生而取义者也。,生命。,正义。,类比推理：孟子接着上句的比喻，用类比推理的方式提出“舍生取义”的主张，点明“义”的价值高于生命。,课文讲解,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,生亦我所欲，所欲有甚于生者，故不为苟得也；死亦我所恶，所恶有甚于死者，故患有所不辟也。,苟：恶：患：辟：,苟且。这里指为了生而不择手段。,祸患，灾难。,躲避，避免。这个意义后写作“避”。,正面论证：在面临“死”和“不义”时，孟子宁愿赴死，也不愿躬行不义。进一步强调“义”的价值和作用。,憎恶，厌恶。,如使人之所欲莫甚于生，则凡可以得生者何不用也？使人之所恶莫甚于死者，则凡可以辟患者何不为也？,如使：何不用也：,假如，假使。下文“使”同义。,什么手段不可用呢？,假设论证：说明只追求“生”而抛弃“义”的后果；选用反问句式，增强语言气势；两方面对应着写，强调了“义”重于“生”，突出了中心论点。,由是则生而有不用也；由是则可以避患而有不为也。是故所欲有甚于生者，所恶有甚于死者。非独贤者有是心也，人皆有之，贤者能勿丧耳。,由是：生：是故：勿丧：,由于这个原因。是，指代上文反问的结果。,可以获得生存的手段。,因为这个缘故。,不丢掉。丧，丧失，丢失。,事实上常有舍弃生命、不避祸患的人，这种舍生取义之心是人人都有的，不过贤者能存之不失。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,一箪食，一豆羹，得之则生，弗得则死。呼尔而与之，行道之人弗受；蹴尔而与之，乞人不屑也。,箪：豆：呼尔：行道之人：蹴尔：不屑：,古代盛饭用的圆竹器。,古代一种食器，高足，上呈圆盘形。,盛气凌人喊叫的样子。,踩踏（食物）的样子。,因轻视而不肯接受。,指路上饥饿的行人。,举例论证：先说东西少之又少，仅“一箪食，一豆羹”，再强调其宝贵，“得之则生，弗得则死”，以突出下文的为“义”而“弗受”，为“义”而“不屑”。,万钟则不辩礼义而受之，万钟于我何加焉！为宫室之美，妻妾之奉，所识穷乏者得我与？乡为身死而不受，今为宫室之美为之；,万钟：辩：加：奉：得我与：乡：,优厚的俸禄。钟，古代容量单位。,通“辨”，分辨。,增加，指带来好处。,侍奉。,感激我的恩德吗？得，感德。通“徳”。,通“向”，从前，往时。,乡为身死而不受，今为妻妾之奉为之；乡为身死而不受，今为所识穷乏者得我而为之：是亦不可以已乎？此之谓失其本心。,已：本心：,停止，放弃。,天性，天良。,照应：与上文“非独贤者有是心也，人皆有之，贤者能勿丧耳”相照应，强调“不辩礼义”就失去了本心，收束有力。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,一豆羹（）万钟于我何加焉（）是亦不可以已乎（）非独贤者有是心也（）乡为身死而不受（）,古今异义,古义：古代一种食器,古义：带来好处今义：增多,古义：停止，放弃今义：已经,古义：代词，这种,古义：从前，往时今义：乡村,今义：豆子,今义：一般作判断动词，表解释或分类,今为宫室之美为之由是则可以辟患而有不为也乡为身死而不受,（动词，接受）,一词多义,（动词，做）,（介词，为了）,呼尔而与之由是则生而有不用也,（连词，表修饰）,（连词，表转折，却）,所欲有甚于生者万钟于我何加焉,（介词，比）,（介词，对于）,所识穷乏者得我与呼尔而与之,（语气助词，通“欤”）,（动词，给）,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,二者不可得兼所识穷乏者得我与,（动词，得到，拥有）,（动词，感德。通“德”）,词类活用,万钟则不辩礼义而受之,（数量词做名词，优厚的俸禄）,文言句式,判断句：鱼，我所欲也（“也”，判断句标志）省略句：乡为身死而不受。（省略主语“我”，“为”后面省略介词宾语“礼义”，“受”后面省略宾语“施舍”）,再读课文，思考讨论下列问题：,1.本文的论点是什么？怎样提出来的？为什么不直接提出来？,论点是“生，亦我所欲也，义，亦我所欲也，二者不可得兼，舍生而取义者也。”,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,这个论点是由“鱼”和“熊掌”的比喻引出来的，先设比喻而后提出论点。这是因为“鱼”与“熊掌”是人人皆知的美味，而“熊掌”是其中更为美者。二者不可兼得，取其中最美者合乎情理也符合逻辑。由此及彼，由浅入深，引出“生”与“义”的论题来，自然，明晓。,2、文章是怎样围绕论点逐层论述的？,本文的逻辑推理十分严密：从鱼与熊掌的比方、不吃嗟来之食和“不辩礼义”而受万钟之禄的对照，论述逐层推进，可以看出作者设喻的巧妙。,提出主张舍生取义,正面分析舍生取义的原因,反面论证“义”的价值和作用,比喻论证,对比论证,第一段,“义”重于生命，应舍生取义。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,不受嗟来之食人虽饥饿，仍将“义”看得重于生命，甚至宁死不食。,“不辩礼义”接受万钟指出为物欲所蔽是丧失了羞耻之心，对自己没有好处。,第二段,举出实例，进一步论证“义”重于生命，并得出中心，指出不应该为物欲所惑。,3、文章开头写“鱼”和“熊掌”有什么作用？,运用比喻论证的方法。用“鱼”与“熊掌”作比，以“鱼”喻“生”，以“熊掌”喻“义”，形象地区别了“生”与“义”的价值高下，暗示我们在“所欲”发生冲突时，要有正确的抉择和取舍。,4、这篇文章主要运用了哪些修辞方法？,比喻。“舍鱼而取熊掌”是一个巧妙而贴切的比喻，它恰当地说明了在人们所喜爱的两件事物不能同时兼得的情况下，就必须择优而取。“一箪食，一豆羹”也是比喻，说明饮食对饥饿者虽然重要，但不合乎礼义也宁死不食，从而证明了“义”重于“生”，突出了主题。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,对比。生和义比，义比生更可贵；死与不义比，不义比死更可恶。又用假设方式与事实作对比，赞扬了舍生取义的人。最后用“不受嗟来之食”与“不辩礼义而受万钟”作对比，赞扬了舍生取义的精神，批判了那些只贪图荣华富贵而不顾礼义廉耻的权贵们。这就起到了突出中心思想的作用。排比。通篇皆是。既有助于逐层深入分析，又能增强文章的气势和论辩力量。,孟子在鱼我所欲也一文中对舍生取义精神的颂扬，对“万钟则不辩礼义而受之”的批判，对后世产生了怎样的影响？,深入探究,历史上许多仁人志士把“舍生取义”奉为行为的准则，对国家和民族做出了贡献。南宋抗元名臣文天祥在过零丁洋一诗中说：“人生自古谁无死？留取丹心照汗青。”现代无产阶级革命烈士夏明翰在就义诗中说：“砍头不要紧，只要主义真。”这都是与“舍生取义”的精神一脉相承的。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,提出论点,鱼我所欲也,舍鱼而取熊掌,舍生而取义,舍生取义,比喻论证,逻辑推理,甚于生者，不为苟得甚于死者，患不辟也莫甚于生，何不用也莫甚于死，何不为也,由因推果,假设推理,举例论证,正面论证，嗟来之食,反面论证，万钟俸禄,正反对比,结构梳理,1.论证方法多样，说服力强。为了阐明自己的观点，化深奥为浅显，文章一开始就用“鱼”“熊掌”设喻，以比喻论证的方式提出中心论点，通俗形象；作者还列举了“一箪食，一豆羹，得之则生，,写作鉴赏,弗得则死”的典型事例，有力地证明了人人有“本心”的观点；文章的第段从正反两面论证了“义”大于“生”的道理，第段中把“乡”与“今”对“万钟”的不同态度作了对比，表达了作者对丧失“本心”之人的批判与嘲讽。,2.语言流畅，气势磅礴。孟子的文章具有雄辩的气势，语言上常用排比句式。如第段中用排比句，对“不辩礼义”而贪求富贵的行为加以批判，语言极为流畅，气势磅礴。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,苏武牧羊,公元前100年，汉武帝派遣苏武出使匈奴。不料，苏武被匈奴扣留下来，并被要求背叛汉朝，臣服单于。但苏武严词拒绝了。匈奴敬重苏武的气节，不忍心杀苏武，于是把苏武流放，让他去牧羊。在贝加尔湖，苏武牧羊长达十九年之久。当初下命令囚禁他的匈奴单于去世后，苏武才被接回自己的国家。,拓展延伸,富贵不能淫,不能淫（）贫贱（）,字词注音,yn,jin,居天下之广居，立天下之正位，行天下之大道；得志，与民由之；不得志，独行其道。,宽大的住所。儒家用以喻仁。,中正之位。,实现其志愿。,循着。,独自走自己的道路。,课文讲解,正道。指最高的治世原则，包括伦理纲常等。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,富贵不能淫，贫贱不能移，威武不能屈。此之谓大丈夫。”,使昏乱。,改变，动摇。这里是使动用法。,威武：威胁暴力。,贫贱不能移：贫穷卑贱不能使之改变操守。形容意志坚定。,威武不能屈：威武不能使其意志屈服。意思是：不屈从于威势的镇慑之下。形容不畏强暴。,屈服。这里是使动用法。,古今异义,富贵不能淫（）,古义：使昏乱今义：放纵；过多，过甚,词类活用,富贵不能淫，贫贱不能移，威武不能屈,使动用法，使惑乱，使改变，使屈服。,一词多义,与民由之（）此之谓大丈夫（）,代词，指正道,用在主谓之间，取消句子的独立性,是焉得为大丈夫乎（）得志（）,助词，能够,动词，实现,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,居住在天下最宽广的住宅仁里，站立在天下最正确的位置礼上，行走在天下最宽广的道路义上；能实现理想时，就同人民一起走这条正道；不能实现理想时，就独自行走在这条正道上。,孟子认为，大丈夫怎样才能做到“富贵不能淫，贫贱不能移，威武不能屈”？试用自己的话作答。,再读课文，思考讨论下列问题：,得志，与民由之；不得志，独行其道。,孟子说：“穷则独善其身，达则兼善天下”。文中哪句话与这句话的意思相近？,“妾妇之道”表现为顺从，其本质是在权利面前无原则，如张仪之流，只是顺从秦王的意思；“大丈夫之道”表现为“富贵不能淫，威武不能屈，贫贱不能移”，其本质是对内心的仁义礼的坚守，一如儒家所倡导的“穷则独善其身，达则兼济天下”。,请对比分析孟子所说的“妾妇之道”和“大丈夫之道”的不同。,每个人的心目中都有自己大丈夫的标准，肯定珍藏着许多大丈夫的名字，谈谈你所了解的大丈夫形象？请举例说明。,合作探究,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才