初中时态讲解

初中英语动词时态讲解,陈显萍,时态,一般现在时一般将来时一般过去时现在进行时现在完成时过去进行时过去将来时过去完成时,一般现在时,1.表示事实,现状,性质或经常的,习惯的动作,常与often,usually,always,sometimes,today,everyday,onceaweek,everyfiveminutes,onSundays等时间状语连用,如：Hehasabrother.2.表示普遍真理.如：Theearthgoesroundthesun.3.表示在现在时间里所发生的一个动作.如：Herecomesthetrain.4.在时间和条件状语从句中代表一般将来时.如：Illgowithyouifyouarefreetomorrow.,一般现在时,注意：动词碰到第三人称单数时，要加“s”work-works辅音字母和“y”结尾的词，如carry-carries以s、x、ch、sh结尾的加“es”，如wash-washesgo-goesdo-doeshave-has,一般现在时,例句Hegoestoschoolonfooteveryday.Weoftenhavesupperathome.ShedoesntdoherworkeverySunday.Wewillgotoseeyouifwearefree.,试一试,将下列句子改成否定句和一般疑问句。1.Shesaworker.2.Icanplaythepiano.3.Theywanttoeatsometomatoes.4.Ginahasanicewatch.,现在进行时,结构：am/is/are+动词的-ing形式用法：1.表示目前发生(进行)的动作(不指状态),常用时间状语有:now,atthemoment等,并常出现在祈使句的句子中,与look,listen连用.eg.Areyouwritingalettertoyourfatheratthemoment?Listen!Sheissinginginthenextroom.2.表示目前阶段正在进行,而此刻不一定在进行的动作.eg.Theyareplantingtreesthesedays.,3.表示按计划或安排即将进行的动作,表示这种动作的动词有:come,go,leave,arrive,start,see等,并常与表示将来时间的状语连用.TheyareleavingforAustraliatomorrowafternoon.注意:某些表示感觉或状态的动词,如love,like,prefer,hate,see,know等一般不用现在进行时.eg.Lucyprefersarttoscience.,现在进行时,试一试,将下列句子改成否定句和一般疑问句。1.Implayingbaseball.2.Theyrelisteningtothepopmusic.3.Nancyiswritingaletter.,比较一般现在时和现在进行时,用所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Heusually_TVonSundayevening.(watch)2.Look,they_agoodtime.(have)3.Smith_fishingonweekdays.(notgo)4._yourmother_somecleaningonSundays?(do)5._he_shortstoriesthesedays?(write)6.There_twelvemonthsinayearandJanuary_first.(be,come)7.Iwilltellhimassoonashe_back.(come),一般将来时,用法一般将来时表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态结构：助动词shall/will+动词原形（shall一般用于主语是第一人称时，Will是用于任何主语。）肯定式:主语+shall/will+动词原形+其他否定式:主语+shall/will+not+动词原形+其他.疑问式:Shall/Will+主语+动词原形+其他,用法:表示将要发生的动作或情况,常用时间状语有:later(on),soon,inamonth,nexttime,fromnowon,tomorrow等.如.Ishallbeeighteenyearsoldnextyear.2.表示某种必然的趋势如Fishwilldiewithoutwater.,一般将来时,3.在时间或条件状语从句中,一般用一般现在时代替一般将来时.如Tomwillwritetomewhenhegetsthere.4.begoingto+动词原形也可表示将来时.(1).表示主观意愿.打算等.eg.HesgoingtolearnEnglishnextterm.(2).根据已有迹象,可能要发生的情况eg.Lookattheblackclouds!-Itisgoingtorain.,一般将来时,用动词的适当形式填空。,1.They_thecollegeentranceexamsnextyear.(take)2.There_anotherrailwaybetweenChongqingandChengduinabouttwoyears.(be)3.Wellgotoplaywithsnowifit_tomorrow.(snow)4.TheYoungPioneer_waterfortheoldmaneveryday.(carry)5.I_tothecinema.I_thereeverySunday.(go)6.MrSmith_shortstories,buthe_aTVplaythesedays.(write),一、用所给词的适当形式填空：,1He_swimmingintherivereverydayinsummer.(go)2.It_youareright.(seem)3.Look,thechildren_basketballontheplayground.(play)4.Ineedsomepaper.I_someforyou.(bring)5.Wewillgotothecinemaifit_fine.(be)6._you_withmeifyouhavetime?(go),7.Iwilltellherthenewswhenshe_toseemenextweek.(come)8.Thebikeisnice.Howmuch_it_?(cost)9.Listen!Someone_inthenextroom.(cry)10.Pleasedontleavetheofficeuntilyourfriend_back.(come)11.Wellgoswimmingiftheweather_finetomorrow.(be)12.Youmusttellhimthenewsassoonasyou_him.(see)13._heoften_hisclothesonSundays?(wash)14.You_heragaininafewweeks.(see),15.IwillgohomefortheholidayassoonasI_myexams.(finish)16.Mysister_toseeme.Shellbeheresoon.(come)17.MyEnglishteacher_thirtyyearsold,buthe_youngerthanhereallyis.(be,look)18.Jim_hard,buthe_stillalittleweakinChinese.(study,be)19.Weallknowthatthesun_roundtheearth.(notgo)20.They_aboutthefuturenow.(nottalk),一般过去时,一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，通常用动词的过去式。结构：1.be动词的第一、三人称单数用was,其他人称用were,其肯定式,否定式,疑问式和简略回答形式与一般现在时相似。2.行为动词的过去式分为规则和不规则两种,规则动词的过去式是在动词后加-d或-ed,不规则动词参照不规则动词表,需要专门记忆。(a)一般情况：加ed。(b)e结尾：加d。(c)辅音字母+y结尾：先变y为i,然后+ed:(d)1元音字母+1辅音字母结尾，并且重读：先双写辅音字母，再加ed。,肯定式:主语+动词的过去式+其他如：Igotupatsixthismorning.否定式:主语+didnot+动词原形+其他如：Johndidntliveherelastyear.疑问式:Did+主语+动词原形+其他如：Didyouseehimamomentago?用法：1.主要用于过去某个时间发生的动作或状态.如.Myfatherwasatworkyesterday.2.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常与often,always等表示频度的时间状语连用.如，Healwayswenttoworkbybuslastsummer.,一般过去时,3.和when等连词引导的状语从句连用.如.Whenshereachedhome,shehadashortrest.4.常与表示过去的时间状语,如ago,yesterday,lastweek,intheolddays,whenIwasfiveyearsold,in1995等连用.如Theybegantheworktwomonthsago.Wereyoubornin1981?Yes,Iwas.,一般过去时,句型转换,1.Iwasareporterfiveyearsago.2.Themanhadnothing10yearsago.3.Shewashedalltheclothesjustnow.4.TheywenttoTaiwanfortheirholidayslastmonth.5.WhenI_theChildrensPalace,thechildren_withjoy.A.visittedjumppedB.visitedjumpedC.visittedjumpedD.visitedjumpped6._you_outforawalkaftersupper?Yes,I_A.DidwentwentB.DidgowentC.DidwentdidD.Didgodid,现在完成时,1.现在完成时由have（has）+过去分词构成2.动词变成过去分词加edPlay-played辅音字母和“y”结尾的词，如carry-carried重读闭音节的单词，双写最后一个字母，再加edstop-stopped不规则动词见书后动词表,现在完成时,用法:1.表示动作已经完成,常用的时间状语有：already已经,never从不,ever曾经,just刚刚,yet(“已经”用于疑句的末尾处/“还”用于否定句的末尾处),或不加任何的时间状语，但不能和表示过去的时间状语连用.Hehasleft.Ihavealreadyhadarest.试比较：,Theplanehasarrived.飞机已经来了。（说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿）Theplanearrivedaquarterago.飞机是一刻中以前来的。（强调动作发生的时间在过去）练习：I翻译下列句子：1.你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？2.我刚刚丢了我的化学书。3.我以前从来没去过那个农场。4.他已经吃过午饭了。,5.你已经看过这部电影了吗？6.我哥哥还没回来。7.我上星期看过这部电影。8.在1992年他住在这里。II用过去时或现在完成时填空：1.“_you_(have)lunch?”“Yes.”“When_you_(have)it?”“I_(have)itat12:00.”2.“_you_(write)alettertoyourauntyet?”“Yes,I_.I_(write)onelastweek.”,3.“_he_(finish)hishomework?”“Notyet.”4.“_theyever_(be)abroad?”“Yes,justonce.”5.Yourfather_just_(finish)hiswork.6.Yourfather_(finish)hisworkjustnow.7.LasttermI_(learn)manyEnglishwords.8.They_(notread)theinterestingbooksyet.9.He_never_(go)tothesciencemuseum.10.“_you_(buy)adictionary?“Yes,I_.”“Where_you_(buy)it?”“I_(buy)itinabookstore.”“When_you_(buy)it?”“Yesterday.”,2.表示动作不仅已经完成，还要持续（在这个用法当中，动词要用延续性动词，与for引导的一段时间和since引导的短语连用）Hehasbeenawayfortwodays.Ihavealreadytaughtinthisschoolsince1990.Thebirdhasbeendeadforamonth.Wehavehadlotsoffriendssincewecamehere.,练习：用since和for填空_twoyears_twoyearsago_lastmonth_1999_yesterday_4oclock_4hours_shelefthere_wewerechildren_lunchtime1.HehaslivedinNanjing_theyearbeforelast.2.Iveknownhim_wewerechildren.3.OurteacherhasstudiedJapanese_threeyears.4.Shehasbeenawayfromthecity_abouttenyears.5.Itsabouttenyears_sheleftthecity.,2.短暂性转换延续性arriveat/insw.getto/e/go/movetosw.beinsw./atschool/athome/onthefarm/behere/betherecome/goback,returnbebackcome/gooutbeoutclosebeclosedopenbeopengetupbeupdiebedeadleavesw.beawayfromsw.fallasleep/gettotsleepbeasleepfinish/endbeovermarrybemarried,start/begintodosth.dosth.beginbeonborrowkeeplosenothavebuyhaveputonwearcatch/getacoldhaveacoldgettoknowknowhave/hasgonetohavebeeninjointheleague/theParty/thearmybealeague/aPartymember/asoldierbeamemberoftheleague/thePartybeintheleague/theParty/thearmy,3.汉译英1）这本字典我已买了三年了。2）他离开中国三年了。3）我认识他们五年了。4）他们已去了美国五年了。5）自从他搬到福州，他就住这儿了。6）他们已经结婚10年。,havebeenin,havebeento与havegoneto的用法用适当的时态填空：1.Shes_(live)hereeversinceshewa