高中英语词汇教学

,高中英语词汇教学,一、高考英语试题和教材中有关词汇的数据,2007-2010年高考山东卷词汇数据,20072010年高考山东卷和全国卷单项填空词汇考查统计,人教版教材对课标词汇的覆盖谢家成何安平（2008）,*3398：课标词汇表中明列的全部词汇数为3432+58个附表词汇=3490,高考中出现但课标未收的相对高频词（高考试题中大多没有加注）,crisis(9次)，issue(39次),claim(14次),solution(23次),solve(37次),二、高考各题型怎样考查词汇？,1.各题型均在语境中考查词汇，即在语言运用的层次上考查。2.单项填空和完形填空对词汇的考查较为直接，针对某些词或短设考点，考生答题时须进行不同的语境假设。例：2010第31题Yourhouseisalwayssoneathowdoyouitwiththreechildren?A.manageB.serveC.adaptD.construct(破折号前为信息词语)3.其他题型对词汇的考查较为间接，大多不针对某些词或短语设考点。（猜测词义和翻译句子除外）,三、学生词汇学习中存在的主要问题,1.词汇学习方法单一，大多习惯于背词汇表。2.不善于区分重点词汇和非重点词汇，平均用力。3.过于依赖中文释义理解词义。4.不善于通过语境猜测词义。5.词汇运用能力差。6.对听说读写对词汇的巩固和强化作用认识不清。,四、提高词汇教学效率的途径,1.针对不同级别或频度的词汇采取不同的策略。,认知词汇和运用词汇,认知词汇（recognitionvocabulary）重点掌握音、形、义运用词汇（productionvocabulary）除掌握音、形、义外，还要掌握用法,词汇的用法,词性词法功能句法功能构词（派生、转化、合成）与其他词的搭配不同语境中的含义语用特征,高频词与低频词,1.针对不同级别的词汇制定不同的教学目标五星级960个四星级892个三星级964个二星级840个一星级847个,beyond高考词频：34,对不同词汇的处理方法,从词频考频的角度高频词低频词从词汇属性的角度义音、形用法,2.以教材为中心进行听说读写训练,要特别重视听的训练听使词汇在大脑中留下语音形象，缺少语音形象很难记住单词的词义、拼写、用法等。（心理语言学）听说读写四项技能中，听最能增强语感，对其他语言技能的提高至关重要。,Riverssays,“ofthetimeadultsspendincommunicationactivities,45percentisdevotedtolistening,only30percenttospeaking,16percenttoreading,andamere9percenttowriting.”,Listeningalsoassiststhestudentsreadingability.Therefore,itiscertainlyaskillthatcannotbeneglected.Itisevenmoredifficultthanspeakinginthesensethatthoughonecancontrolwhathesays,hecanhardlycontrolwhatotherssay.,河北省取消听力后，高考英语成绩逐年下降。可见，听力训练的作用不可忽视，听力训练不仅仅是能提高听力水平。吉林省不考听力。东北师大附中两名英语得满分的学生说非常受益于大量的听力训练。,口头造句，练习所学的词汇、句式等问答练习朗读、背诵、复述课文,加大课外阅读，通过阅读巩固扩大词汇量,默写课文、改写课文、缩写课文等,3.听说读写相互结合,听和说的结合如：听后重复听和写的结合如：听后写读和写的结合如：回答问题、写内容提纲,4.按分类法复习词汇,按话题分类,语义场理论,语义场又叫词汇场，主要探究词汇之间的聚合关系，认为要构成一个完整的词汇系统，语言系统中的词汇在语义上或语言结构上就必须是相互联系的。语义场是单个词和词汇整体之间的现实存在。运用语义场理论记忆词汇比按字母顺序记忆效率提高一倍。,动物,宠物：cat,dog,goldfish,parrot,rabbit等野生动物：bear,dolphin,giantpanda,kangaroo,squirrel,tiger,camel,fox,giraffe,lion,monkey,polarbear,tortoise,wolf,zebra等鸟类：crane,seagull,sparrow,swan,eagle等,语义场延伸onlineInternet,webcomputer（再形成多个语义场）与计算机用途相关的:drawinganddesigning,playinggames,searchingforinformation,sendingandreceivingemails,wordprocessing,writingcomputerprograms等；与计算机设备相关的:keyboard,mouse,screen,disk,processor,printer等；与计算机类型相关的:microcomputer,minicomputer,personalcomputer等；与计算机操作相关的:input，output,store,operate,turnon/off等；与计算机运行相关的:software,hardware,password,data等。,看：gaze,glance,glimpse,look,notice,observe,peer,see,stare,witnessYesterdayIglanced(匆匆一看)outofthewindowandnoticed(注意到)amanobserving(观察)ahouseoppositethroughatelescope.IthoughtIglimpsed(瞥见)awomaninsidethehouse.ThenIsaw(看见)someoneelsepeering(仔细看)intothewindowofthesamehouse.Igazed(凝视)atthemwonderingwhattheyweredoing.Suddenlythefirstmanstoppedstaring(注视)throughhistelescope.HewentandhittheotheroneontheheadwiththetelescopeandIrealizedthatIhadwitnessed(目击)acrime.(说明：glimpse，peer，gaze是非课标词汇，但高考中出现过),按功能意念分类,喜欢：adore,appealto,attract,befondof,carefor,enjoy,fallinlove,fancy,keenon,like,loveDearAnna,Itwasgreattohearfromyouaftersomanyyears.ImeagertotellyouthatIhaveaboyfriendcalledTom.Weveknowneachotherforthreeyears.Iquiteliked(喜欢)Tomwhenwefirstmet,butIdidntfancy(倾慕)himatall.HeinvitedmeoutandIreallyenjoyed(享受)spendingtimewithhim.Iwasattracted(吸引)byhisstoriesofhistravelsaroundtheworld.Moreover,wewerebothverykeenon(热衷)sailing.SoonIrealisedIhadfalleninlove(爱上)withhim.Hissenseofhumourreallyappealedto(吸引)me.Now,threeyearslaterIabsolutelyadore(爱慕)him.Hesaverycaring(关心别人的)person,fondof(喜爱)animalsandsmallchildren.Hesalwaysloving(满怀爱意的)towardsmeandthepeoplehecaresfor(关心).Ihopewellworship(爱慕)eachotherasmuchaswedonow.Dowriteagainsoonandtellmeabouthowyouare!LoveJude,按语言结构分类,常见的名词后缀：-er/-or,-ee,-(t)ion/-sion/-ion,-ist,-ism,-ness,-ment,-ity,-hood,-shiper/-or用来表示从事某一活动的人：actor,butcher,carpenter,director,editor,educator,engineer,messenger,player,reporter,tutor,volunteer,er及ee的意思形成对比，分别是“做某事的人”和“某行动的接受者或经历者：employer/employee-(t)ion/-sion/-ion是用来把动词变成名词：accommodation,acquisition,addition,administration,admission,affection,ambition,application,association,attention,attractionist及-ism用于个人的职业或者信念及主义：Buddhism,chemist,communism,dentist,journalist,novelist,physicist,pianist,socialist,socialism,violinistness用来把形容词变成名词：business,darkness,happiness,illness,kindness,sadness,sickness,weaknessment:achievement,advertisement,apartment,appointment,argument,arrangementity:ability,authority,nationality,opportunity,possibility,priority,quantity,responsibilityhood：:childhood,neighbourhood,ship:friendship,hardship,ownership,relationship,scholarship,spaceship,动词句型后接双宾语的：后接不定式作宾语的：后接-ing作宾语的：后接不定式和-ing作宾语的：后接it作形式宾语的：后接复合宾语（宾语名词形容词副词介词短语不定式-ing过去分词）的：,5.练习题型应多样化,八、书面表达。(2010福建改编)假设你是李华，福建省某中学高中学生，今年暑假将前往澳大利亚参加主题为“WATERFORLIFE”的交流活动。请你以参访代表的身份，根据以下图片提示，用英语写一篇发言稿。.将发言稿中可能用到的关键词译成英语。1.短缺(n)_2.全球变暖(phrase)_3.环境污染(phrase)_4.人口(n)_5.有效的(adj)_6.储备(v)_7.资源(n)_8.回收利用(v)_.以下是发言稿的主要内容，根据所给汉语，完成下列句子。1.Asweknow,theglobalwatershortageisbecomingincreasingly_(严重)mainlydueto_(全球变暖),_(环境污染)andtheever-increasing_(人口).2._(一个有效的方法),Ithink,isto_(科学地储备水源以作将来之用).3.Itseveryonesresponsibilitytomakegooduseofwater,suchas_(在我们的日常生活中循环用水和节约用水).,九、选出与划线词语意思相近的选项。1.Thisisared-letterdayforme.Ireceivedacheckformymagazinearticleforthefirsttime.A.aharddayB.ahappydayC.adarkD.apopularday2.Salesbegantodropandthecompanywassooninthered.Theyhadtosellthebuilding.A.indebtB.inredcolorC.welloffD.money-making3.Theycaughthimred-handedwhilehewasputtingtheringinhispocket.A.havingredhandsB.havingbleedinghandsC.afterthefactD.onspot4.ThecarwarbetweentheUnitedStatesandJapanisawhitewar.Theyarecompetingforthecarmarketfiercely.A.awarwhichiswhiteB.awarwhichbenefitsforbothC.awarwithoutfireandshootD.awarwithoutloss,Ifyouleavetheclub,youwillnotbe_backin.(2009全国II)A.receivedB.admittedC.turnedD.moved,Toturnyourweaknessintostrength,considertakinghands-onlearningortraining.(2009浙江任务型阅读),Thoughhavinglivedabroadforyears,manyChinesestill_thetraditionalcustoms.(2008湖北)A.performB.possessC.observeD.support,6.结合语境练习熟词生义,7.应注意的几个问题,注重词汇的比喻义、引申义等。注重词的各种搭配。注重词汇预制块。词汇与语法结合。做适当的翻译练习。尽量用英语释义。,有关词汇学习的名言,语言知识和语言运用共生共存，互为基础与前提，相互促进。（Krashen,1982）如果把一个单词的形式及其功能特征的综体置于一个完整的词汇环境中来学，学起来就比较容易。（Carter,1999）学生至少需要与词汇接触516次才有可能掌握一个词汇。（Nation,1990）,在语境中运用词汇是词汇学习的高级形式，因语境中的单词包含了所有属性。一个生词在课文中出现，只能学到它的一个词义，而在不同语境中出现才会掌握其多种词义和用法。在同一个语境中记一个单词10次不如在10个不同语境中各记一个单词一次。,高考英语听力测试与高中英语听力教学,一、近年高考英语听力试题的有关数据,（一）话题,（二）考点,（三）答案分布,（四）录音,二、高考英语听力试题考查要点,（一）理解主旨和要义Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingabout?Whatdoweknowabouttheman/woman?Whatcanwelearnfromthisconversation?Whatcanwelearnfromwhatthespeakersaid?,2010年第17题Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?A.Thehistoryoftheschool.B.Thecoursesfortheterm.C.Theplanfortheday.,（二）获取事实性的具体信息,Whenwill/did/does?Whereistheman/womangoing?Whoistheman/woman/speaker?Whatistheman/womangoingtodo?Whydoestheman/woman?Howdoes/willtheman/woman?,（三）对所听内容作出简单推断,Where/whendoesthisconversationtakeplace?Whereis/aretheman/woman/speakers?Whatistherelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?,2009年第2题Wherearethespeakers?A.Inarestaurant.B.Inahotel.C.Inaschool.2007年第10题Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Theyarefriends.B.Theyarestrangerstoeachother.C.Theyarehusbandandwife.,（四）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度,Whatdoestheman/womanthinkof/feelabout?Whatdoestheman/womansuggest?Whatdoweknowabouttheman/woman?Whatwas/isthepurposeof?,2009年第3题Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Cathywillbeattheparty.B.Cathyistoobusytocome.C.Cathyisgoingtobeinvited.,三、高考英语听力试题的外部特征,题干和选项简短答案分布均匀各选项的答案总数接近于平均值邻近题的答案尽量避免重复选项排列有规则各选项的语言结构一致,三、高中英语听力训练,（一）影响听力理解的因素,主观因素：语言能力心理素质记忆能力听力策略2.客观因素：听力材料听力试题听力录音,（二）听力教学建议,养成良好的听力习惯保持良好的心态学会用英语思维边听边记录带着问题积极地听2.选好听力训练材料3.精听和泛听相结合,4.掌握听的微技能听前（Pre-listening）听时（While-listening）听后（Post-listening）5.提高短时记忆能力6.考场上心理状态的调整,（三）听力训练题型示例,理解识记示例一,Listenandwritedownthewordsyouhear.1._2._3._4._5._录音稿：Listenandwritedownthewordsyouhear.1.recognise2.apologise3.variety4.steadily5.announcement答案：1.recognise2.apologise3.variety4.steadily5.announcement,理解识记示例二,Listenandchoosetherightwordfromthewordsgivenaccordingtoeachexplanation.confusing,offer,apply,curious,require1._2._3._4._5._录音稿：1.W:tomakeaformalrequestforsth,usuallyinwriting2.M:havingastrongdesiretoknowaboutsth3.W:difficulttounderstand4.M:toneed5.W:tosaythatyouarewillingtodosth答案：1.apply2.curious3.confusing4.require5.offer,理解识记示例三,Listenandchoosetherightwordaccordingtoeachexplanation.1.A.hideB.freezeC.retire2.A.predictB.guaranteeC.solve3.A.protectB.protestC.declare4.A.pretendB.involveC.purchase录音稿：Listenandchoosetherightwordaccordingtoeachexplanation.1.W:tostopworkattheendofonesworkinglife2.M:topromisethatsthwillcertainlyhappenorbedone3.W:tokeepsborsthsafefromharm,damage,orillness4.M:tobehaveinaparticularway,inordertomakeotherpeoplebelievesththatisnottrue答案：1.C2.B3.A4.A,灵活运用示例一,Listenandwritedownthemissingwords.1.W:AnItalianoraChinesemeal?M:Itsuptoyou.Itdoesnt_me.2.M:I_some_outtheexperiment.W:YoucanturntoMrSmithforhelp.3.W:Whatstheroadlike?M:Itsquitebusy_ours.4.M:WhatdidLucycallmefor?W:Shewantedtoknowif_anything_fortonight.5.W:Whatsyourplanforthisweekend?M:I_soccerratherthan_.录音稿：（略）答案：1.makeadifferenceto2.have;paredwith4.therewas;planned5.prefertoplay;swim,灵活运用示例二,Listenanddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).()1.Thenewssoonspread.()2.Wellsetoffinfiveminutes.()3.Thissuggestionwillendtheargument.()4.Helikestobecalled“DoctorKhee”.()5.Ilikecookingformyselfinsteadofeatingout.录音稿：Listenanddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).1.W:Thenewssoongotaround.2.M:Wellbeontheairinfiveminutes.3.W:Thissuggestionwillleadtoanargument.4.M:Helikestobereferredtoas“DoctorKhee”.5.W:Iprefercookingformyselftoeatinginarestaurant.答案：1.T2.F3.F4.T5.T,灵活运用示例三,Listenandchoosethesentencethatisclosestinmeaningtotheoneyouhear.1.A.Ihopeyouwillcomebacksoon.B.Ilookforwardtoyournextvisit.C.Ihopeyouwillgetwellsoon.2.A.Theoldmanexperiencedtwoworldwars.B.Theoldmanpassedbythewarareastwice.C.Theoldmanfoughtinbothworldwars.3.A.Heisstudyingmathsnow.B.Heismakingprogressinmaths.C.Heisverygoodatmaths.（4,5略）录音稿：Listenandchoosethesentencethatisclosestinmeaningtotheoneyouhear.1.Ihopeyouwillsoonrecover.2.Theoldmanwentthroughtwoworldwars.3.Heisgettingalongwellwithhismaths.（4,5略）答案：1.C2.A3.B（4,5略）,灵活运用示例四,Listenandmakeachoicetomakethesentenceclosestinmeaningtotheoneyouhear.1.Theyare_anewhouseonourstreet.A.lookingforB.settingupC.callingat2.Istillcant_whytheydidsotillnow.A.findoutB.lookintoC.speakout3.Hewas_interestedinfictionmovies.A.notatallB.notalittleC.verymuch（4,5略）录音稿：Listenandmakethebestchoicetomakethesentenceclosestinmeaningtotheoneyouhear.1.W:Theyareputtingupanewhouseonourstreet.2.M:TothisdayIstillcantmakeoutwhytheydidso.3.W:Hewasnotabitinterestedinfictionmovies.（4,5略）答案：1.B2.A3.A（4,5略）,TEXT,将每单元的主课文缩写为120-150词的短文。根据内容设置最佳题型，如填空题、简答题、表格题、排序题选择题、判断题等。作用：-理清课文脉络，概括课文内容，便于记忆-反复收听、跟读、熟记，积累写作素材-培养逻辑思维能力,Text示例一,Listenandcompletetheform.,Text示例二,Text示例三,Text示例四,Text示例五,Text示例六,Listenandchoosethebestresponse.(twice3minutes)1.A.Yes,goodidea.B.Sure,goahead.C.No,forgetit.2.A.Nevermind.B.Yes,please.C.Notatall.3.A.Yes,helpyourself.B.Yes,goon.C.Yes,indeed.4.A.HereyouareB.Sorry,itstaken.C.Nevermind5.A.Ofcoursenot.B.Itdoesntmatter.C.Yes,please.,Function示例一,录音稿：1.W:CouldIaskyouaratherpersonalquestion?2.M:DoyoumindifIrecordyourlecture?3.W:DoyouthinkIcouldborrowyourbicycle?4.M:IsitOKifItakethisseat?5.W:Doyoumindmyusingyourdictionaryforawhile?,Function示例二,Listenandwritedownthemissingwords.(twice4minutes)1.M:_towashthedishes.2.W:Doyouthinkyoucould_abit3.W:MayIopenthewindowtoletinsomefreshair?M:_!4.W:Couldyouleaveusyourtelephonenumber?M:Yes,its54229738.W:OK._.5.W:WhatwerethethingsyouhadtodealwithwhenyoufirstarrivedinParis?M:Well,_,IhadtolearnthelanguageofthecountryIwouldbelivinginforquiteawhile._Ilookedaroundforaplacetolivein.6.M:Nowpleaseallowmetointroduceyoutosomeofourschoolruleshere._,weareexpectedtobeneatlydressedwhenatschool._,weshouldneverbelateforclassorleaveschoolbeforeitisover._,whenyouarewalkingontheroad,pleaseremembertokeeptotheright.,录音稿：1.M:Itsyourturntowashthedishes.2.W:Doyouthinkyoucouldkeepthenoisedownabit?3.W:MayIopenthewindowtoletinsomefreshair?M:Goahead!4.W:Couldyouleaveusyourtelephonenumber?M:Yes,its54229738.W:OK.Ivegotit.5.W:WhatwerethethingsyouhadtodealwithwhenyoufirstarrivedinParis?M:Well,firstofall,IhadtolearnthelanguageofthecountryIwouldbelivinginforquiteawhile.AfterthatIlookedaroundforaplacetolivein.6.M:Nowpleaseallowmetointroduce