MummificationProcess.ppt

EgyptianMummification,AccordingtoEgyptianmythology,thegodOsiriswasmurderedbyhisjealousbrotherSetandhackedintopieces.ThegoddessIsisreassembledthepiecesandOsiriswasmagicallyrestored,andwentontobecomethegodoftheafterlife.,Egyptianmyth,TheancientEgyptiansbelievedthatafterdeaththeirbodieswouldtraveltoanotherworldduringtheday,andatnighttheywouldreturntotheirbodies.,PurposeofEgyptianMummification,Inorderforthepersonsspirittoliveforever,ithadtobeabletorecognizeandreturntothebody.Ifaspiritcouldnotrecognizethebodyitbelongedto,itwoulddie.,ThisiswhytheEgyptianswantedtopreservethebodiesofthedeadinaslifelikeastateaspossible.ThisMummificationguaranteedeternallifeforthespirit.,AncientEgyptianmummificationdevelopedovertime.,Thefirstburialsinthehotdesertsandsledtonaturalmummificationofthewholebody.,Later,placingthebodyinacoffinmeantthatonlytheskeletonsurvived.,ThentheEgyptianslearnedhowtoartificiallymummifythebodybeforeputtingitinthecoffin.,Earlymummificationwasanaturalprocess.,Thedesertsandwashotanddry.,Dehydration(dryingout)preservedthewholebody.,Bodiesplacedinthehotsanddehydratedbecausethehotsandabsorbedthewaterinthebody.,Theresultisanaturalsand-driedmummy.,preservedskin,gravegoods,burialinsand,Butbodiesburiedinthedesertsandswereatriskfromwildanimals.,HowcouldtheancientEgyptiansprotectthebodiesofthedead?,Ifanimalsattackedthebodiestheywouldnotbepreservedandwouldnotreachtheafterlifeintact.,Willthiswork?,Thisisaskeleton(notamummy).Thesofttissuehasrottedaway.Thewholebodyneededtobepreservedfortheafterlife.,Whywasthebodynotpreserved?,Thehotdrysandcouldnotreachthebodytodryitout.sothesofttissuerottedaway.,SotheEgyptiansstartedtoplacethebodyinacoffin.,Artificialmummification,TheancientEgyptiansrealisedtheyneededtomummifythedeadbodiesartificiallybeforetheyplacedtheminthecoffin.,TheMummificationProcess,Theentireprocesstook70daystocomplete.Severalembalmersconductedthetaskinthespecialembalmingshoporpernefer.Thechiefembalmerwasknownastheherysheshta.HeworeajackalmasktorepresentAnubis,thegodofmummification.,Afterthebodyhadbeenshavedandwashedwithwine,wateroftheNileandspices,allofthepartsthatmightdecaywereremoved.Theembalmersfirstremovedthebrainthroughthenoseusingalonghook.,Nexttheywouldremovethesoft,moistbodypartsthatwouldcausedecay.Adeepincisionwasmadeintheleftsideoftheabdomentoremovetheinternalorgans:,thelungs,thestomach,theliverandtheintestines.,Theliver,lungs,stomachandintestinesarewashedandpackedinnatronwhichwilldrythemout.Theheartisnottakenoutofthebodybecauseitisthecenterofintelligenceandfeelingandthemanwillneeditintheafterlife.,Aftertheremovaloftheinternalorgans,everydropofmoisturewasremovedfromthebodytopreventmolds,fungus,andbacteriafromgrowing.,Thebodywasstuffedwithbundlesofstrongdryingsaltcallednatron.,Itwasthencompletelycoveredwithnatron(dryingsalt)andplacedonaslantedcouchsothatanyfluidsthatdrippedoutasthebodywasdryingcouldbecollectedandburiedalongwithit.,Whilethebodywasdrying,theinternalorganswerealsodriedandpreservedwithnatron.,Theywerethenwrappedinstripsoflinenandputintoseparatecontainerscalledcanopicjars.,BaboonLungsHapyJackalStomachDuamutefHumanLiverImsetyFalconIntestinesQebehsenuef,AfterfortydaysthebodyiswashedagainwithwaterfromtheNile.Thenitiscoveredwithoilstohelptheskinstayelastic.,Themummysheadandbodywerepackedwithherbs,sawdust,stonesorsmallonionswereplacedundertheeyelidssothattheycouldregaintheshapetheyhadinlife.Oncethiswasdone,themummycouldbecoveredwithnecklaces,ringsandbraceletsmadeofgoldandgems.,Theentirebodywasthencoveredinshroudsandboundwithstripsoflinenuntilthemummyhadreturnedtoitsoriginalsize.Thiswasacomplicatedjobandcouldtakeaslongasaweek.,Beginningwiththeheadthebodywaswrappedinlayers.Eachlayerwascoveredwithresinstosealit.,Afterthewrappingwasfinished,theheadofthemummywascoveredwithaportraitmask,justtomakesurethatthespiritwouldrecognizeit.,Themaskedmummywasthenplacedinaseriesofgildedwoodencoffinsandputintoasarcophagus.,Onthedayofthefuneral,themummywasbroughttothetomb,wherepriestsperformedtheOpeningoftheMouthRitualtouchingtheeyes,nose,andmouthofthecoffinwithasacredtool.Thisritualreactivatedthesesensesfortheafterlife.,Beforethetombwassealed,familymembersdepositedfood,clothes,furniture,anddishes,whichtheEgyptiansbelievedthedeceasedwouldneedforeternity.,Thewallsofthetombwerepaintedondailylifewhichprovidedcomfortingandfamiliarsurroundingsforthedeceasedintheafterlife.