B3U3新世纪大学英语系列综合教程3答案

.,.,ReadandExplore,Unit3Friendship,GetStarted,ListenandRespond,OptionalClassroomActivities,EnhanceYourLanguageAwareness,Doyouhaveanygoodfriends?Whatdoyouusuallydowithyourfriendswhenyouaretogether?Whatkindofpeopledoyouliketomakefriendswith?Doyouthinkfriendshipisanecessityinlife?Whyorwhynot?,Sitingroupsofthreesorfoursanddiscussthefollowingquestions.,Getstarted-discussion,GetStarted-Quotes,Studythefollowingquotesaboutfriendship.Whichquote(s)doyoulikebest?Why?,Quote1,Truefriendshipisaplantofslowgrowth.GeorgeWashington,Interpretation:Justlikeplants,friendshipneedsnurturing.Plantsfollowthelifecycleofseeds,shootsandflowersbeforetheybearfruits.Truefriendshipgrowsinmoreorlessthesameway.Ittakestimetomature.,ClickPicture,Quote2,Beslowinchoosingafriend;slowerinchanging.BenjaminFranklin,Interpretation:Friendsandfriendshipsmayhavegreatinfluenceonourlivesandmaylastaslongaswelive.Soweshouldbecarefulwhenchoosingafriendandshouldbeevenmorecarefulwhenwedecidetoendthefriendship.,ClickPicture,Quote3,Amanshouldkeephisfriendshipsinconstantrepair.SamuelJohnson,Interpretation:Itisimportanttomaintainfriendships.Long-standingfriendshipsshouldbeconstantlystrengthenedanddeveloped;otherwisetheymayfadeorevenbelostforever.,ClickPicture,Quote4,Truefriendshipislikesoundhealth;thevalueofitisseldomknownuntilitislost.CharlesCalebColton,Interpretation:Friendshipiscomparedtohealth.Oneoftenfailstoseethevalueofhealthuntilitislost.Thesameistrueoffriendships.,ClickPicture,Getstarted-watchinganddiscussion,ForrestGumpisa1994Americanfilm.ThestorydepictsthelifeofForrestGump,aslow-wittedyetathleticallytalentedmanwhowitnesses,andeveninfluences,somedefiningeventsintheUnitedStatesbetween1944and1982.WatchthefollowingvideoclipaboutyoungForrestandJennyandcompletethetasksthatfollow.,clickhere,video,Answerthefollowingquestions.,video,clickhere,Jennysvoice.JennywasfriendlytoForrest.,2)Whatdidtheyusuallydotogetherasfriends?,Theywerealwaystogether,learningfromeachotherandbeinghappy.,1)Whatis“thesweetestvoice”ForrestGumpheard?Whywasitthesweetestvoice?,2.ThefilmForrestGumphasbecomeaclassic.HowwillyoudescribethefriendshipbetweenForrest,adumbboy,andJenny,abeautifulgirl?,video,JennyisfriendlyandForresthonestandsincere,botheagerforlovingfriends,andbotheagertopleasetheother.,inwardlyad.inonesmind;secretly在内心；暗自地outwardlyad.onthesurface;inappearance外表上，表面上wrongdoingn.bad,evil,orillegalbehaviour坏事；不道德或不法的行为,ListenandRespondWordBank,bringtoanendcausesth.tofinish,usu.afterlastingsometime使某物结束，终止unbelievablea.verysurprising非常惊人的,ListenandRespondWordBank,Choosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestionsaccordingtotheinformationcontainedinthelisteningpassage.,Linanother,thelabelmayseemlessappropriate.Therefore,peopletendtohaveaverythinunderstandingofwhatfriendshipreallymeans.Tohelpusunderstandwhatfriendshipreallymeans,weneedtoreviewsomeclassicalviewsoffriendship.,WhatisFriendship?MicheleE.Doyleforasthesayinggoes,truefriendsmustgothroughtrialsandtribulationstogether.Andnotwopersonscanaccepteachotherandbecomefriendsuntileachhasprovedtotheotherthatheisworthyoflove,andsowonhistrust.Thewishforfriendshipmaydeveloprapidly,buttruefriendshipdoesnot.,In-Depth,6AnotherclassicalviewoffriendshipcanbefoundinthewritingsofCicero,anancientRomanstatesmanandorator.Hiswritingsonethics,thephilosophyofreligionandnaturallawhavebeeninfluential.AccordingtoCicero,truefriendshipisonlypossiblebetweengoodmen.Hefurtherdefines“thegood”as“thosewhoseactionsandlivesleavenoquestionastotheirhonor,purity,equity,andliberality;whoarefreefromgreed,lust,andviolence;andwhohavethecourageoftheirconvictions.”Thefriendshipbetweengoodmen,basedonvirtue,doesoffermaterialbenefits,butitdoesnotseekthem.Moreover,justasinfriendshipsandrelationships,thosewhopossessanysuperioritymustregardthemselvesasequalsofthosewhoarelessfortunate,sotheselattermustnotbeannoyedatbeingsurpassedingenius,fortune,orrank.,In-Depth,7Thus,wemayseethatthetraditionalideaoffriendshipismadeupofthreecomponents:Friendsmustenjoyeachotherscompany;theymustbeusefultooneanother;andtheymustshareacommitmenttothegood.Accordingtotheclassicalviews,virtuousfriendsareboundtogether,astheyrecognizeeachothersmoralexcellence.Toperceiveafriend,therefore,isinamannertoperceiveoneself;andtoknowafriendisinamannertoknowoneself.Eachcanbesaidtoprovideamirrorinwhichtheothermayseehimself.Themoralexcellenceoffriendship,thus,involvesahighlevelofdevelopmentandexpressionofthealtruisticemotionsofsympathy,concernandcare.Friendshipofthiskindnecessarilyinvolvesconversationsaboutwell-beingandofwhatmightbeinvolvedinlivingthegoodlife.,In-Depth,voicing,Workingroupsofthreesorfoursanddiscussthefollowingstatementsaboutfriendship.Thenshareyourideaswiththewholeclass.,Friendsmustbeusefultoeachother.Friendshipbetweentheyoungisgroundedonpleasure.Permanentfriendshipexistsonlybetweengoodmen.,Keywords(B),Expressions(B),1.Inthedoorwayofadarkenedhardwarestorestoodaman,withanunlightedcigarinhismouth.(Para.2),2)Studyuseoffullinversioninthissentence.Then,maketwosentenceswithfullinversion.,Atthebottomofthestepssattheyoungcouple.Downfellagreatpileofplatesanddisheswithaloudcrash.,1)TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.,只见一个光线黯淡的五金店门口，站着一个人，嘴里叼着没有点燃的雪茄。,Sentences,2)StudytheitalicizedpartandthentranslatethefollowingsentenceintoEnglish,imitatingtheuseofedinthissentence.我们冲进了房子。房门因常年失修已经倒塌了。,2.Thewaitingmanpulledoutahandsomewatch,thelidsofitsetwithsmalldiamonds.(Para.9),Werushedintothehouse,thedoorofitcollapsedfromlongyearsofneglect.,1)TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.,那守候的人掏出一只精致的怀表，表盖上缀满了小粒钻石。,Sentences,这里不能改成定语从句which，是模仿课文句子的过去分词短语带主语结构,一张苍白的脸，方下巴，目光敏锐，右边眉毛附近有一道白色的细小伤疤。,3.Thenatallmaninalongovercoat,withthecollarturneduptohisears,hurriedacrossfromtheoppositesideofthestreet.(Para.18),1)TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.,一个身着大衣、衣领立起的高个子男人从街对面匆匆走了过来。,Sentences,2)TranslatethefollowingdescriptionsofonesappearancefromthistextintoChinese.,Hewasofapowerfulbuild(Para.1),apale,square-jawedfacewithkeeneyes,andalittlewhitescarnearhisrighteyebrow.(Para.5),他身材魁梧,Para.1,Comprehension,Whatwasthepolicemandoingthatnight?,Didhelooklikeaqualifiedpoliceman?,Whatdoes“aguardianofthepeace”referto?,Paras.2-5,Whydidthepolicemansuddenlyslowhiswalk?,Whydidthemanspeakuptothepolicemanquickly?,Whywasthemantherelatethatnight?,Didthepolicemanfinallyseethefaceofthemanstandinginthedarkness?How?,comprehension,Para.6,Comprehension,Whatisthisparagraphabout?,Whydidthetwofriendspartthatnight?,Whatdidthemanmeanbysaying“YoucouldnthavedraggedJimmyoutofNewYork;hethoughtitwastheonlyplaceonearth”?,Whydidtheyplantomeetagainexactlytwentyyearsfromthatdateandtime?,Paras.7-9,Comprehension,DidthemanhaveanyideawhatJimmywasdoinginNewYork?,Whatdoyouthinkofthemanasafriend?,WhatdidthemanthinkoftheWest?,WhatcanyouinferfromPara.9?,DidthemanfeelcertainthathisfriendJimmywouldturnupandmeethimthere?,Paras.10-16,Comprehension,Whatdidthepolicemandoaftersayinggoodbyetotheman?,Para.17,Comprehension,Whatdoesthisparagraphtellus?,Whydoestheauthordescribetheweather?,Paras.18-25,Comprehension,Whatdoestheword“cried”implyinPara.20?,InBobseyes,whathadbeenthegreatestchangeinJimmyWells?,Whathappened20minuteslater?,Whydidthenewarrivalaskthequestion“doubtfully”(Para.19)?,Paras.26-29,Comprehension,HowdidBobrealizethatthemanwasnotJimmyWells?,InBobseyes,whathadbeenthegreatestchangeinJimmyWells?,Whydidtheysimultaneouslyturntogazeupontheothersfaceatthecorner?,WhydidBobstopsuddenlyandreleasehisarm?,Para.30,Comprehension,Beforegoingtothepolicestation,whatdidthetallmanaskBobtodo?,Whowasthetallman?WhydidhecometomeetBob?,HowdidNewYorkpoliceknowaboutBob?,Paras.31-32,Comprehension,WhydidJimmydecidetohaveBobarrested?,WhydidJimmysay“SomehowIcouldntdoitmyself”?,Bobshandwassteadywhenhebegantoreadthenote,butittrembledwhenhehadfinished.Why?,WhendidJimmyWells,thepoliceman,gettoknowthatBobwasthemanwantedbythepolice?,Dividetheclassintogroupsoffoursanddramatizethestory“AfterTwentyYears”byrole-playingthestory-teller(O.Henry),Jimmy,Bobandtheplain-clothesman.,Optional,UsefulExpressions,UsefulExpressionsfromTextA,ChineseEquivalences,sociallyacknowledgedcriteriafor,社会公认的标准,describeas,把叫做,mutualusefulness,互利,basedonutility,基于功利,changeaccordingtocircumstances,依照环境而变化,pursueonesownadvantage,追逐个人利益,takepleasureineachotherscompany,乐于呆在一起,UsefulExpressions,UsefulExpressionsfromTextA,ChineseEquivalences,begroundedonpleasure,建立在愉悦之上,asthesayinggoes,常言道,gothroughtrialsandtribulationstogether,同甘共苦,winonestrust,赢得某人的信任,befreefrom,摆脱,regardasequals,视为平等的人,shareacommitmentto,都有志于,UsefulExpressions,UsefulExpressionsfromTextA,ChineseEquivalences,beofapowerfulbuild,身材魁梧,hearfromonesfriend,与朋友通信,theoppositesideofthestreet,街对面,listenwithinterest,饶有兴致地听着,brilliantwithelectriclights,灯光明亮,attheappointedplace,在约定的地点,aplainclothesman,便衣警察,1.Studythefollowingsentencescontainingnomatterwhat,wheneverandwhatever.,Grammar,Grammar,3.Wefiguredthatintwentyyearseachofusoughttohaveourdestinyworkedoutandourfortunesmade,whatevertheyweregoingtobe.(Para.6,TextB,Unit3),2.Well,weagreedthatnightthatwewouldmeethereagainexactlytwentyyearsfromthatdateandtime,nomatterwhatourconditionsmightbeorfromwhatdistancewemighthavetocome.(Para.6,TextB,Unit3),Andwheneverthosehandssoughtmineinthefinaldaysofhislife,hepressedthembothtogetheraroundoneofmyhands.(Para.1,TextB,Unit2),Grammar,wh-+ever和nomatterwh-一、语法意义表示“无论什么”，一般wh-+ever引入状语从句时，都等于nomatterwh-。,e.g.Whoever(=Nomatterwho)youare,doyourduty.Ithasthesameresult,whichever(=nomatterwhich)wayyoudoit.Wherever(=Nomatterwhere)hegoes,heishappytohelpothers.,Grammar,wh-+ever和nomatterwh-二、wh-+evernomatterwh-的情况当whatever,whichever和whoever引入名词从句时，不能用nomatterwh-替换。,e.g.Shegavewhoeveraskedforacopyofherlatestpaper.Dowhateveryoulike.Whicheveryoutakewillbeyours.,NowdothetasksonPage82inyourtextbook.,Grammar,2.Thestructureitisthat/whoisusedtoachieveemphasis,asshowninthefollowingsentencestakenfromTextA.,Grammar,Grammar,2.Itisbetweengoodmenthatbothloveandfriendshiparechieflyfound(Para.5),Anditisthosewhodesirethegoodoftheirfriendsforthefriendssakethataremosttrulyfriends(Para.5),Grammar,强调句型Itisthat/who一、基本语法意义Itisthat/who句型可用来强调句子中除了谓语动词的其他部分。,e.g.Itwasclearlytheheadmasterhimselfwho/thatopenedthedoor.(强调主语)ItwasaNewYearcardthathesentme.(强调宾语)ItwaslightbluethatTedpaintedhisbedroom.(强调补语)ItmighthavebeeninthestorethatIlostmywallet.(强调状语)Itwasnotuntilhegotamapthathestartedonhisway.(强调状语),Grammar,e.g.Clearlytheheadmasterhimselfopenedthedoor.HesentmeaNewYearcard.Tedpaintedhisbedroomlightblue.Imighthavelostmywalletinthestore.Hedidntstartonhiswayuntilhegotamap.,强调句型Itisthat/who注意：这样的句子中，可以去掉Itiswho/that这个外加成分，句意依然完整。以上例句去掉表示强调的成分后（下划线部分是被强调的部分）：,Grammar,Now,dothetasksonpages82-83inyourtextbook.,SupposeyouwereJimmyWellsinTextB.WriteaboutyourfriendshipwithBobfromchildhoodtothemomentwhenBobwasarrested.Youmayfollowthechronologicalsequenceofeventsoruseflashbackanarrativetechniquethatallowsawritertopresentpasteventsduringcurrentevents.Besuretoincludebothfactsandopinionsinyourwriting.,writing,Thencamethedayweweresupposedtomeet.Iwasonmybeatthen.Walkinguptotheappointedplacewhichhadbeenturnedintoahardwarestore,Isawamanstandingtherewithanunlightedcigarinhismouth.BeforeIcouldspeak,hetoldmethathewaswaitingforafriendbythe,writing,SampleWriting,BobandIbecamebrother-likefriendsinourchildhood.Weplayed,dinedanddiscussedourambitionstogether.Oncegrownup,hestartedfortheWesttomakehisfortunewhileIbecameapolicemaninNewYork.Beforehisdeparture,wehaddinnertogetherandweagreedthatwewouldmeetatthesameplaceexactlytwentyyearsfromthatdateandtime,nomatterwhatourconditionsmightbeorfromwhatdistancewemighthavetocome.,writing,nameofJimWells.Whenhestruckamatchtolighthiscigar,Isawapalefacewithkeeneyesandascar.Irecognizedhimimmediately.ItwasBob,anditwasalsothefaceofthemanwantedbytheChicagoPolice.ForamomentIfeltliketellinghimtoescaperightaway.Afterall,wehadbeenfriendsforsomanyyearsandhehadtraveledallthewaytoseeme!Butthenmysenseofdutytoldmetherightthingtodo.Isaidgood-byetohimandcontinuedmypatrol,hislastwordsstillringinginmyear:“Illwaitforhalfanhour.Jimmywillkeephispromiseifhesalive”IthensentforaplainclothesmanandhadBobarrested.,SampleWriting,ThankYou!,Hints:playinggames,listeningtomusic,goingshopping,seeingmovies,chattingontheInternet,exchanginggossips,KeytoDiscussion(1-1),KeytoDiscussion(1-2),2.Hints:Birdsofafeatherflocktogether;kindness,diligence,intelligence,humor;readytorenderhelp;sharethesamehobbies,KeytoDiscussion(1-3),Yes,Ithinkfriendshipisanecessityinlife.Justasfishcannotlivewithoutwater,wecannotlivewithoutfriends.Withoutfriends,lifewouldbeboringandbarren.Friendsarecompanionswhosharebothourjoysandsadness.Friendsaremirrorsthroughwhichwecanseeourownstrengthsandweaknesses.Friendsaretoleranttowardsusandhelpusmakeprogress.Intimesofdifficulty,friendsgiveussupportandencouragement.,AboutGeorgeWashington(1732-1799):thefirstPresidentoftheUS.Washingtonwascommander-in-chiefofthecolonialarmyduringtheAmericanRevolutionaryWar.AfterthewarhewaselectedPresidentoftheUnitedStatestwice,butrefusedtoremaininthepositionforathirdtime.,KeytoQuotes,AboutBenjaminFranklin(1706-1790):aUSpolitician,writer,andscientist.Hewasinvolvedinwritingtwohistoricallysignificantdocuments,theDeclarationofIndependence(独立宣言)andtheConstitutionoftheUnitedStates(美国宪法).Heisfamousforprovingthatlightningisaformofelectricitybydoingascientifictestinwhichheflewakiteduringastorm,andheinventedthelightningconductor.HeisalsowellknownforhisliteraryworkssuchasPoorRichardsAlmanac(穷理查德年鉴1732-1757；亦译作格言历书、穷理查历书)andAutobiography(自传1790).,KeytoQuotes,AboutSamuelJohnson(1709-1784):aBritishcriticanddictionarywriter.HeisfamousforhisDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage(1755),thefirstcomprehensivedictionaryoftheEnglishlanguageeverpublished.Hewasconsideredanexcellentconversationalist(善于辞令的人).Hisintelligent,amusing,andinterestingwordsarestillwidelyquotedtoday.,KeytoQuotes,AboutCharlesCalebColton(1780-1832):anEnglishclergymanandauthor.Hewrotealargebodyofwritingsinhisshortlife,whichendedwithsuicideafteranillness.Hisaphorisms(格言，警句)aboutfriendship,integrity(正直,诚实),wealth,andknowledgeareoftencitedeventothisday.,KeytoQuotes,(IdontrecallwhatIgotformyfirstChristmas,andIdontknowwhenIwentonmyfirstoutdoorpicnic,butIdorememberthefirsttimeIheardthesweetestvoiceinthewideworld.)Jenny:Youcansithereifyouwant.(Ihadneverseenanythingsobeautifulinmylife.Shewaslikeanangel.)Jenny:Well,areyougoingtositdownorarentyou?Jenny:Well,areyougoingtositdownorarentyou?Jenny:Whatswrongwithyourlegs?Forrest:Nothingatall,thankyou.Mylegsarejustfineanddandy.(Ijustsatnexttoheronthatbusandhadaconversationallthewaytoschool.)Forrest:Mybackscrookedlikeaquestionmark.(NexttoMama,nooneevertalkedtomeoraskedmequestions.),ScriptforWatchingandDiscussion,Jenny:Areyoustupidorsomething?Forrest:Mamasays,“Stupidisasstupiddoes.”Jenny:ImJenny.Forrest:ImForrest,ForrestGump.(Fromthatdayon,wewerealwaystogether.Jennyandmewaslikepeasandcarrots.Shetaughtmehowtoclimb.)Jenny:Comeon,Forrest,youcandoit.(Ishowedherhowtodangle.Shehelpedmelearnhowtoread,andIshowedherhowtoswing.Sometimes,wedjustsitoutandwaitforthestars.)Forrest:Mamasgoingtoworryaboutme.Jenny:Juststayalittlelonger.(Forsomereason,Jennyneverwantedtogohome.)Forrest:OK,Jenny,Illstay.(Shewasmymostspecialfriend.),ScriptforWatchingandDiscussion,ScriptforLsometimestheyjustwalkaway;andsometimestheyforceyoutodosomethingthatyoudonotlike.,ScriptforLcall把叫做；称作,Hedescribeshimselfasadoctor;butinfact,heknowslittleaboutmedicine.,Ihesitatetodescribehimasreallyclever.,我很难说他真聪明。,KeyWordsforTextA-describeas,classicala.nocomp.basedonorbelongingtoanoldorestablishedsystemofprinciplesormethods,e.g.inartorscience;traditional无比较级经典的；传统的,Didshemainlystudyclassicalliteratureormodernliterature?,DoyoupreferclassicalmusiclikeMozart,orpop?,你喜欢如莫扎特那样的古典音乐还是流行音乐？,KeyWordsforTextA-classical,classic/classicalclassical强调“传统”，可以表达2个不同意思：1.“遵循传统风格的”，如aclassicalcomposer“一个古典作曲家”。2.“古希腊古罗马的”，如aclassicalscholar“研究古希腊古罗马的学者”。classic可以表达3个不同意思：1.描述某物已经被认定在同类中具有相当高质量，如aclassicmovie“一部优秀影片”；2.表达“典型的”，如aclassicmistake“一个典型错误”。3.表达“优雅但是很简单而且传统的”，如aclassicdesign“一个经典的设计”。,KeyWordsforTextA-classical,distinguishbetweenrecognizedifferencesbetween辨别，分清,Thetwopaintingsarequitesimilar.Icantdistinguishbetweentheoriginalandthefake.,Englishlawclearlydistinguishesbetweenmurderandmanslaughter.,英国法律明确了“谋杀”和“过失杀人”的区别。,KeyWordsforTextA-distinguishbetween,utilityn.1.fmlthedegreeofusefulness正式有用，实用，效用,Itisaresearchprojectwithlimitedpracticalutility.,Beliefintheutilityofhighereducationissharedbystudentsnationwide.,全国学生都相信高等教育是有用的。,KeyWordsforTextA-utility,2.Cesp.pl.aservicesuchasgasorelectricityprovidedforpeopletouse公用事业（如水电煤气等）,Rescueteamsworkeddesperatelytorestoreutilitiesintheareashatteredbythehurricane.,救援小组竭力抢修在飓风中毁坏的水电煤气等公用设施。,groundn.Cesp.pl.reason(s)orjustificationforsaying,doingorbelievingsth.尤作复数说话、做事或相信某事的原因或理由,Thecompanyhasreasonablegroundstodismisshim;hewaslateforworkthreetimeslastweekdespiteconstantwarnings.,Hehadbeenfiredfromhisjobonthegroundsofincompetence.,因为不称职他被解雇了。,KeyWordsforTextA-ground,breakupcomeorbringtoanend,esp.byseparating结束；解散,Shehasdoneeverythingpossibletopreventtheirrelationshipfrombreakingup.,Thepartyhadtobreakupbecauseofasuddenpowercut.,由于突然停电，聚会不得不解散。,KeyWordsforTextA-breakup,takepleasurein(doing)sth.enjoy(doing)sth.以（做）某事为乐；喜欢（做）某事,Hetakesgreatpleasureintakingpicturesofbirds.,Sheseemedtotakepleasureinoursuffering.,她似乎对我们的痛苦幸灾乐祸。,KeyWordsforTextA-takepleasurein(doing)sth.,insofarastothedegreethat到程度,IwillhelpyouinsofarasIcan.,ThisisthetruthinsofarasIknowit.,就我所知，这就是事实。,KeyWordsforTextA-insofaras,groundvt.(on)base常与on连用根据；以为依据,Sallysargumentissoundlygroundedonfacts.,Theprofessorstheoryisgroundedontheresultsofhisexperiments.,教授的理论以他的实验结果为依据。,KeyWordsforTextA-ground,regulatevt.control,esp.byrules;bringorderormethodto(尤指以规章)控制，管理,Hismotherstrictlyregulateswhatbookshereadsinhissparetime.,Thissectionofthehighwayisregulatedbypolicemen24hoursaday.,警察24小时管制这段公路。,KeyWordsforTextA-regulate,regulationn.,asthesayinggoesaccordingtoasaying正如俗话所说，常言道,Asthesayinggoes,“Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.”,“Thereisnosmok