扬州18届高三下开学考试(2月)

江苏省扬州中学2017-2018学年度第二学期开学检测高三英语试卷 2018.2 第二部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分35分） 第一节 单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）21. A child should be receiving either meat or eggs daily, preferably _. A. neither B. none C. either D. both22. In the lecture, the professor told his students about how to write an _ of a graduate paper, expressing the main argument. A. accountB. applicationC. address D. abstract23. It was the middle of night _ my husband woke me up and told me to watch the football game. A. while B. that C. as D. when 24. The bungalow near the south school gate will be _ into classrooms for music and art. A. transmitted B. transferred C. transformed D. transported25. New York is the fashion capital of the world, says a new study on Feb 4. 2014 by the Global Language Monitor, Paris _second, with Shanghai_10th while Hongkong 20th. A.coming,ranks B.come,ranked C.comes,ranking D.coming,ranking26. Looking back upon his teaching career, he doesnt remember ever having been doubted, or challenged in class, _ rejected. A. other than B. let alone C. rather than D. more than27. - Im sorry. I think I am not fit for the job. I dont handle pressure too well. - Oh, I cant believe it. You know, thats not the impression I have of you at all. Thats_ Id describe myself. A. what B. why C. which D. how28. Like all teenagers theres one thing shed rather _ - spots. A. do without B. do up C. do with D. do off29. The employee might have been dismissed by the employer last month, _? A. hasnt he B. didnt he C. wasnt he D. mightnt he30. On an average day most of us _ our smart phones 47 times, and nearly double that if were between the ages of 18 and 24. A. checked B. would checkC. will check D. check31. She was likely to tell the whole truth, in cases other people would have kept silence. A. whereB. thatC. whoD. which32. Some believe that china faces similar problems as devices meant to fight crime _ to invade privacy. A. beginning B. begun C. begin D. had begun33. Shes added a few characters and changed some names but this is a true story. A. completelyB. necessarilyC. graduallyD. essentially34. It is vital to _ to teenagers the simple fact that _ the Internet will more or less do harm to both mental and physical health. A. get across; being addicted to B. get over; addicted to C. get through; addicting to D. get down; addicting themselves to35. -Ill take the new truck, - And leave me to drive the old one? . A. Dont mention it B. Forget it C. Im sorryD. Bad luck第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题l分，满分20分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上涂黑。 A handsome man can earn a fifth more than a plainer colleague but a beautiful woman is not paid a penny more than her average-looking colleagues, new research has shown. The study by senior economists found that good-looking _36_ male workers could earn 22 percent more than colleagues who looked _37_. Researchers said good looks did not give women a similar _38_. Andrew Leigh, the former economics professor at the Australian National University who co-authored the report, said “_39_ can be a double-edged sword for women.” Some people still _40_ good looks and intelligence are incompatible(矛盾的) in women so a good-looking woman cant be that _41_, but it doesnt _42_ mens pay. He said that _43_ he believed good-looking women may also _44_ more, the research did not _45_ his theory.The research found that _46_ men in all jobs, from manual labor to highly-paid professional _47_, can earn 22 percent more than their colleagues doing a/an _48_ role.Men with below-average looks face a battle in the office, with ugliness _49_ a mans earning by 26 percent _50_ an average-looking worker. Former male model Ian Mitchell, 28, who has a first class _51_ in history from University of Edinburgh and now works for a cosmetic company, told The Sunday Times: “It gives you _52_, and I suspect people _53_ to warm to you more quickly.” The study, entitled Unpacking the Beauty Premium, was the largest exercise of its kind and repeated a _54_ from 1984 to see if the beauty premium had changed. Leigh said the research showed people in the workplace were “lookist” and he hoped the findings would encourage _55_ to reserve their prejudice. 36. A. guaranteed B. meantC. declaredD. expected 37. A. averageB. energetic C. smartD. horrible 38. A. ambitionB. advantageC. assessmentD. award 39. IntelligenceB. WealthC. BeautyD. Reputation 40. A. expect B. suspectC. ignoreD. believe 41. A. productiveB. specialC. attractiveD. popular 42. A. harm B. encourage C. affect D. suffer 43. A. sinceB. althoughC. asD. because 44. A. earnB. benefitC. produceD. learn 45. a. approveB. developC. accelerateD. support 46. A. handsomeB. giftedC. intelligentD. common 47. A. situationsB. careersC. levelsD. occasions 48. A. importantB. differentC. fairD. similar 49. A. reduceB. increaseC. reducingD. increasing 50. A. based onB. related toC. compared withD. connected with 51. A. roleB. altitudeC. degreeD. grade 52. A. prideB. referenceC. satisfactionD. confidence 53. A. stickB. agreeC. attemptD. tend 54. A. surveyB. conclusionC. performanceD. construction 55. A. employeesB. employersC. interviewersD. businessmen第三部分 阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ADINERSTONY SOPRANOS LAST MEAL Between 1912 and the 1990s, New Jersey State was home to more than 20 diner manufacturers who made probably 95 percent of the diners in the U.S., says Katie Zavoski, who is helping hold a diner exhibit. What makes a diner a diner? (And not, say, a coffee shop?) Traditionally, a diner is built in a factory and then delivered to its own town or city rather than constructed on-site. Zavoski credits New Jerseys location as the key to its mastery of the form. “It was just the perfect place to manufacture the diners,” she says. “We would ship them wherever we needed to by sea.” VISIT “Icons of American Culture: History of New Jersey Diners,” running through June 2017 at The Cornelius House / Middlesex County Museum in Piscataway, New Jersey GOOD FOOD, GOOD TUNES Suzanne Vegas 1987 song “Toms Diner” is probably best known for its frequently sampled “doo doo doo doo” melody (旋律) rather than its diner-related lyrics. Technically, its not even really about a diner the setting is New York Citys Toms Restaurant, which Vega frequented when she was studying at Barnard. Vega used the word “diner” instead because it “sings better that way,” she told The New York Times. November 18 has since been called Toms Diner Day, because on that day in 1981, the New York Posts front page was a story about the death of actor William Holden. In her song Vega sings: “I Open / Up the paper / Theres a story / Of an actor / Who had died / While he was drinking.” LISTEN “Toms Diner” by Suzanne Vega MEET THE DINER ANTHROPOLOGIST Richard J.S. Gutman has been called the “Jane Goodall of diners” (he even consulted on Barry Levinsons 1982 film, Diner). His book, American Diner: Then Now, traces the evolution of the “night lunch wagon,” set up by Walter Scott in 1872, to the early 1920s, when the diner got its name (adapted from “dining car), and on through the 1980s. Gutman has his own diner facilities (floor plans, classic white mugs, a cashier booth); 250 of these items arc part of an exhibit in Rhode Island. READ American Diner: Then & Now (John Hopkins University Press) VISIT “Diners: Still Cooking in the 21st Century,” currently running at the Culinary Arts Museum at Johnson & Wales University in Providence, Rhode Island56. In what way is a diner different from a coffee shop? A. Its location.B. Its management. C. From what it is built.D. Where it is constructed.57. What do we know about Vegas 1987 song “Toms Diner”? A. It warns people not to drink. B. It was inspired by Toms Diner Day. C. Its melody is preferred to its lyrics. D. Its original title was Toms Restaurant. B University graduates Mallorie Brodie and Lauren Hasegawa, who invented a smartphone app that tracks construction defects for commercial builders, had a tiger by the tail. Bridgit, which they founded in 2012, launched a cloud-based communications platform that helped manage defects on construction sites, which can delay projects and result in costly repairs if left unchecked. The smartphone application lets site supervisors take photos of cracks or damaged paint, share them with employees and track the problems to solution. More than 600 subcontractors used the pilot version in many building sites before the commercial version, called Closeout, officially launched. Feedback was so good that they began to wonder: Why limit their invention to a specific industry? Why not turn it into some kind of a handy tool for consumers too? This became their dilemma. In other words, should they stay the course or look for wider applications of their app? The experts polled all agreed Bridgit should stay focused on its original goal. Ms. Hasegawa and Ms. Brodie took that advice. As more business customers signed on, it became clear that they made the right decision. Since then, the companys growth has been rapid. Earlier this year, Bridgit launched Closeout, which is designed so that even the least tech-savvy can use it easily. Today, the app is being used on sites across Canada and the United States and even by top general contractors.In October, Bridgit was named to the Canadian Innovation Exchanges top 20 list of Canadas most innovative companies working in digital media and information and communication technology. But Ms. Hasegawa and Ms. Brodie are not resting on their glories. They have also been collecting feedback on Closeout from customers, and theyll launch a new version in the spring. It will target not only general contractors but developers and building owners, too.58. What does the underlined word defects in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Style. B. Process. C. Drawback. D. Material.59. What did the two graduates decide to do when the pilot version was well received? A. Turn to the ordinary consumer market. B. Look for wider applications of their app. C. Turn it into a widely-used tool for consumers. D. Continue centering on the development in construction industry.60. Who could be their potential customers? A. Smartphone users. B. Architects. C. Computer programmers. D. Photographers.61. Which of the following might be the best title? A. Graduates smartphone application takes off B. Graduates smartphone application has a bright future C. Graduates smartphone application meets with challenges D. Graduates smartphone application plays an important role in our life C The Supreme Courts decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeds to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering. Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effects”, a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects-a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen-is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient medication to control their pain if that might hasten death.George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death. Its like surgery, he says. “We dont call those deaths homicides because the doctors didnt intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death. If youre a physician, you can risk your patients suicide as long as you dont intend their suicide.On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.Just three weeks before the Courts ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report, Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life. It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying as the twin problems of end-of-life care.The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care. “Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering,” to the extent that it constitutes “systematic patient abuse.” He says medical licensing boards “must make it clear . that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension.”62. From the first three paragraphs, we learn that_A. doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients pain.B. it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives.C. the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicide.D. patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide.63. Which of the following statements is true according to the text?A. Doctors will be held guilty if they risk their patients death.B. Modern medicine has assisted terminally ill patients in painless recovery.C. The Court ruled that high-dosage pain-relieving medication can be prescribed.D. A doctors medication is no longer justified by his intentions.64. Which of the following best defines the word “aggressive (line 3, paragraph 7)?A. Bold. B. Harmful. C. Careless. D. Desperate.65. George Annas would probably agree that doctors should be punished if they _.A. manage their patients incompetentlyB. give patients more medicine than neededC. reduce drug dosages for their patients D. prolong the needless suffering of the patients D What a waste of money! In return for an average of 44,000 of debt, students get an average of only 14 hours of lecture and tutorial time a week in Britain. Annual fees have risen from£1,000 to $9,000 in the last decade. But contact time at university has barely risen at all. And graduating doesnt even provide any guarantee of a decent job: six in ten graduates today are in non-graduate jobs.No wonder it has become fashionable to denounce many universities as little more that elaborate com-tricks. Theres a lot for students to complain about the repayment threshold for paying back loans will be frozen for five years, meaning that lower-paid graduals have to start repaying their loans, and maintenance grants have been replaced by loans meaning that students from poorer backgrounds face higher debt than those with wealthier parents.Yet it still pays to go to university. If going to university doesnt work out, students pay very littleif anyof their tuition fees back, you only start repaying when you are earning £21, 000 a year. Almost half of graduatesthose who go on to earn lesswill have a portion of their debt written off. Its not just the lectures and tutorials that are important. Education is the sum of what students teach each other in between lectures and seminars. Students do not merely benefit while at university, studies show they go on to be healthier and happier than non-graduates, and also far more likely to vote.Whatever your talents, it is extraordinarily difficult to get a leading job in most fields without having been to university. Recruiters circle elite universities like vulturous(兀鹰). Many top firms will not even look at applications from those who lack a 2.1, i.e., an upper-second class degree, from an elite university. Students at university also meet those likely to be in leading jobs in the future, forming contacts for life. This might not be right, but school-leavers who fail to acknowledge as much risk making the wrong decision about going to university.Perhaps the reason why so many universities offer their students so little is they know studying at a top university remains a brilliant investment even if you dont learn anything .Studying at university will only become less attractive if employers shift