计算机专业英语第三章ppt课件

.,1,TheOperatingSystem,.,2,LessonOneSummaryofoperatingsystem,Anoperatingsystemservesasaninterface,bridgingthegapbetweenhardwareandapplicationsoftware.Thus,aswemovefromhardwaretosoftware,itsappropriatethatweconsidertheoperatingsystemfirst.,.,3,serve服务，供应interface界面bridgen.桥；vt.架桥gapn.缺口，缝隙thusadv.因而，从而，如此appropriateadj.适当的considervt.考虑，照顾，认为,.,4,Whatexactlydoseanoperatingsystemdo?Basically,itperformsanumberofsupportfunctions.exactlybasicallysupport,adv.正确地严密地,adv.基本上主要地,v.支持，维持n.支持，支持者,.,5,Iftheapplicationprogramistobeloaded,theremustbeaprograminmemorytocontroltheloadingprocess.Thatprogramistheoperatingsystem.Typically,theoperatingsystemisstoredondisk.Thisobjectiveisachievedbyaspecialprogramcalledaboot.,adv.代表性地,n.目标，目的adj.客观的,v.完成，到达,.,6,Generally,thebootisstoredonthefirstsector(ortwo)ofadisk.Hardwareisdesignedtoreadthissectorautomaticallywheneverthepoweristurnedon.Thebootconsistsofonlyafewinstructions,buttheyaresufficienttoreadtherestoftheoperatingsystemintomemory;notehowitisseemingly“pulledinbyitsownbootstraps”.Now,ausercantypethecommandstoloadandexecuteanapplicationprogram.,.,7,generallysectordesignedautomaticallyconsistsofinstructionssufficient,restnoteseeminglyowntypeloadexecute,.,8,Loadingprogramsisonlyoneoftheoperatingsystemsmanysupportfunctions.Basically,itisacollectionofsoftwaremodulesthatinsulatetheuserfromthehardware,thusmakingthesystemeasiertouse.Letsinvestigatetheprimaryfunctionsofatypicaloperatingsystem.,.,9,collectionn.收藏，搜集品modulen.模块insulatevt.使绝缘，隔离investigatev.调查，研究primaryadj.第一位的，主要的,.,10,Theoperatingsystemisacollectionofprogramsdesignedtomanagethesystemsresources,namely,memory,processors,devices,andinformation(programanddata).,n.资源，财力，办法，智谋,.,11,MemoryManagementFunctionsKeeptrackofthememory.Whatpartsareinuseandbywhom?Whatpartsarefree?Ifmultiprogramming,decidewhichprocessgetsmemory,whenitgetsitandhowmuch.Allocatethememory,andreclaimthememorywhentheprocessnolongerneedsitorhasbeenterminated.,.,12,keeptrackof明了freeadj.自由的，免费的，空闲的multiprogramming多道程序allocatevt.分派，分配reclaimvt.要求归还，收回nolonger不再terminatev.停止，结束，终止,.,13,ProcessorManagementFunctionKeeptrackoftheprocessorsandthestatusofprocesses.Decidewhowillhaveachancetousetheprocessor.Ifmultiprogramming,decidewhichprocessgetstheprocessor,whenandhowmuch.Allocatetheprocessortoprocessbysettingupnecessaryhardwareregisters,thisisoftencalledthedispatcher.Reclaimtheprocessorwhenprocessterminates,orexceedsallowedamountofusage.,.,14,statusn.身份，地位，状况chancen.机会，可能性settingup设立necessaryadj.必要的register记录，登记dispatchern.发报机exceedv.超越，胜过allowvt.允许，承认,.,15,DeviceManagementFunctionsKeeptrackofdevices,channels,controlunits,thisiscalledthetrafficcontroller.Decidewhatanefficientwaytoallocatethedeviceis.Ifitistobeshared,thendecidewhogetsit,andhowmuchheistoget,thisiscalledI/Oscheduling.AllocatethedeviceandinitiatetheI/Ooperation.Reclaimthedevice.Inmostcases,theI/Oterminatesautomatically.,.,16,channeln.水道，路线；vt.引导，开导controlunit控制单元traffic交通share分享，共享scheduling行程安排，时序安排initiatev.开始case情形，事，案例,.,17,InformationManagementFunctionsKeeptrackoftheinformation,itslocation,use,status,etc.Decidewhogetsuseoftheinformation,enforceprotectionrequirements,andprovideaccessingroutines.Allocatetheinformation,andreclaimtheresource.,.,18,locationn.位置，场所enforcevt.强迫，执行，加强protectionn.保护requirementn.需求，要求，必要条件providev.供应，供给，准备routinen.例行公事，程序，日常事务,.,19,Singlechoice.1.Theservesasahardware/softwareinterface.a.systemc.controlunitb.applicationprogram2.Thesourceofacomputerslogicis.a.hardwarec.datad.theuser3.Mmandd.hardware,d.operatingsystem,b.software,c.software,.,20,4.Ausercommunicateswiththeoperatingsystemthrough.a.instructionsc.hardwareb.aprogram5.Theoperatingsystemisloadedby.a.thecommandprocessorc.theprogramloaderd.aninterrupt,b.aboot,d.acommandlanguage,.,21,1.Eatingtoliveismoremeaningfulthanlivingtoeat.为了活而吃比为了吃而活更有意义。2.ShoutingEnglishisveryhelpfulconqueringyourshyness.大喊英语对克服你的羞怯心理很有帮助。3.Arguingwithyouallthetimemakesmetired.老是跟你争吵使我厌烦。4.Eatingtoomuchcanmakeyoufat.吃得过多会使你发胖。5.Smokingcausesalotofhealthproblems.吸烟会导致多种健康问题。6.Gettingmarriedcostsalot.Gettingdivorcedcostsmuchmore.结婚很贵，离婚更贵。,英语口语练习材料,.,22,LessonTwoDOS,DOSisanacronymforDiskOperatingSystem.Itisapopularoperatingsystemusedonearliercomputers.TheinterfacethatDOSprovidesforcomputerusersisthemodeofcharacters.TheuserskeyintheDOScommands.ThatinterfaceiscalledCharacterUserInterface(CUI).,.,23,acronymn.只取首字母的缩写词popularadj.流行的，受欢迎的interface界面moden.方式，模式，样式key钥匙，关键,.,24,MS/DOSiscomposedofthreeprimarymodules.COMMAND.COMisthecommandprocessor.Thefunctionsoftheinput/outputcontrolsystemaredividedbetweentworoutines,MSDOS.SYSandIO.SYS.MSDOS.SYSishardwareindependent.IO.SYS,ontheotherhand,communicatesdirectlywiththehardware,soitcontainsdevice-dependentcode.,.,25,independentadj.独立的ontheotherhand另一方面communicate沟通，通信device-dependent设备相关coden.代码，编码；v.编码,.,26,VersionsoftheoperatingsystemwrittenfordifferentcomputersshoulddifferonlyintheirIO.SYSlogic.Utilityprogramsperformjobscommonlyrequiredinmostdataprocessingsystems,suchassortingandcopying.,.,27,versionn.译文，版本differvi.不一致，不同logicn.逻辑，逻辑性utilityn.有用，效用performvt.执行，表演requirevt.需要，要求，命令sortn.种类，类别；v.分类,.,28,FileAfileconsistsoftwoparts:oneisfilename,andanotherisfilecontent.FilenameThisnamehastwoparts:amainfilenameandanextension.DirectoryDriveNameAcompletedrivenameconsistsofadriveletterandacolon.,.,29,TotellDOStodosomething,youtypeacommandattheDOSprompt.DIRC:DIR/PC:DIRMYBRAIN.TXTCOPYC:COPYFILE.TXTA:C:COPYFILE.TXTNEWFILEDELC:DELELVIS,n.&vt.提示,.,30,ScreenInformationonDOSC:CopycompleteC:Copyanotherdiskette(Y/N)?C:InsufficientdiskspaceC:InvalidfilenameorfilenotfoundC:DiskfullorwriteprotectedC:Diskmaybedamagedornotreliable,.,31,C:DiskfullwritenotcompletedC:Filealreadyexists.Overwrite?C:BadCommandorFilenameC:AninternalfailurehasoccurredC:FormattingwhilecopyingC:FileisinfectedwithvirusXXX,.,32,OnatrainARussian,aCuban,anAmericanbusinessmanandanAmericanlawyerwereonatraintravelingacrossEurope.TheRussiantookoutalargebottleofvodka(伏特加酒)，pouredeachofhiscompanionsadrinkandthenthrewthesemifull(半满的)bottleoutofthewindow.“Whydidyoudothat?”askedtheAmericanbusinessman.“Vodkaisplentifulinmycountry,”saidtheRussian,“infact,wehavemorethanwewilleveruse.”,英语幽默笑话,.,33,Alittlelater,theCubanpassedaroundfineHavanacigars.Hetookacoupleofpuffsofhis(抽了两口)andhetossed(扔)itoutofthewindow.“IthoughttheCubaneconomywassuffering,”thebusinessmansaid,“yetyouthrewthatperfectlygoodcigaraway.”“cigars,”theCubanreplied,“areadozenadime(多的不稀罕)inCuba.Wehavemoreofthemthanweknowwhattodowith.”,.,34,TheAmericanbusinessmansatsilenceforamoment.Thenhegotup,grabbing(抓取)thelawyerandthrewhimoutofthewindow.,.,35,LessonThreeWindows,Windowsprovidesagraphicaluserinterfaceandstandardmethodsforswitchingamongapplications,fileandprogrammanagement,windowing,icons,pull-downmenus,scroll-barsanddialogboxes(temporarywindows).switchicontemporary,n.开关Vt.转换,n.图标肖像,adj.暂时的临时的,.,36,Thesedialogboxescontainchoices