采购物料管理系统分析报告[英文版](ppt 33页).ppt

BackOfficeSystem後檯管理系統,BackOfficeSystem,Functions:SystemsgenerallyworkbehindthescenesDesignedtoautomatekeybusinessfunctionratherthanservethecustomerdirectly,BackOfficeSystem,PayrollsystemsAutomatethecalculationandpaymentofwagesandsalariesPersonnelsystemsStoreandanalyzeinformationaboutemployeesAccountingsystemsAutomatetheprocessofdrawingupperiodicfinancialreportsMarketingsystemsHelpanalyzethemarketpositionfthehotel,PayrollSystems,CalculatingpayrollcanbeacomplicatedandtimeconsumingprocessDifferentworkhourwithdifferentrateRegularworkhours;overtimeworkhours;shiftallowance;bonusesetcIncometaxandnationalinsurancechargesmustbecalculatedforeveryemployeehealthinsurancedeductionhastobemadeCumulativeperiod-to-datefigureshavetobestoredandperiodicallyreportedtotheInlandRevenue;,PayrollSystems,HospitalityindustryhasseveralpeculiarcharacteristicswhichmakepayrollcalculationevenmorecomplicatedEmployeesaremulti-skilledandworkinseveraldepartments,eachwithdifferenthourlywageratesServicechargehastobecollectedanddistributed,PayrollSystems,Whatcomputerizedpackagescandoaboutthepayrollprocess?AutomatethepayrollprocessReducethetimeneededtocompletetheprocessWagesarepaidfrequently,majorsavingoftime(cost)arepossible,PayrollSystems,Howdoesthepayrollsystemworks?Thenumberofhoursareenteredintothesystemfromatimesheet,orTransferredautomaticallyfromanelectronicdevice(eg.Timeclock)HotelandcateringcomputersystemscanalsoactastimeclockEPOSorPMScanrecordthelog-onandlog-offtimeofeachemployee,andreportthenumberofhoursworkedtothepayrollsystemOncethegrosswageisknown,theamountoftaxduecanbecalculatedusingdatafromtheemployeesmasterfile,PayrollSystems,Howdoesthepayrollsystemworks?Itemizedpaylslips,listingalldeductions,arethenproducedautomaticallybythesystem;somesystemscanprintpersonalizedpaychequesshowingthenameandthecorrectamountduetoeachemployeeSomesystemsallowpaymenttobemadebyBankGiro,whichreducethecostsofbankchargesandadministrativetimewhenusecashorchequesforpayroll.Businesscostarereduced(onechequeforentirepayroll)Employeegetpaidmorequickly,PayrollSystems,Howdoesthepayrollsystemworks?Fromthebankspointofview:BankGirosaretimeconsumingSolution:PaypathorBACS(BankAutomatedClearingSystem),allowthesamedatatobetakentothebankoncomputerdisk,whereitcanbereaddirectlyitothebankscomputerLesstimeisneededforprocessingthetransactions,whichisreflectedinlowerbankchargesfortheserviceSolution2:electronicfundstransfer(EFT)Eliminatestheneedtogotothebank.Datacanbetransferredelectronically,andthefundsrequiredforpaymentautomaticallyremovedfromthefirmsbankaccount,EmployeeTimeSheet,EmployeeMasterFile,PersonnelSystems,Becauseofthelinksbetweenthepayrollandthepersonneldepartments,theircomputersystemstendtoworkcloselywitheachother.Insomecases,personnelsystemsincorporatepayrollaspartoftheirfunctions.However,itismorecommontohaveseparatesystemsbecauseeachhasitsowngoalsandobjectives.,PersonnelSystems,Functions:StoreavarietyofinformationabouteachemployeeAnalyzeddatainvariouswaystoproduceusefulinformationforthepersonnelmanager.Labourschedulingcanassistindrawingupstaffrosters,PersonnelSystems,ComputerizedLabourschedulingsystemNumbersandskillsareenteredintosystemUsemathematicaloptimizationtechniquetodrawuprostersMinimizeslabourcostsbymakingasmuchuseaspossibleofpermanentstaffandbyavoidingovertimeConfusionisreduced,aseachemployeereceiveddetailedindividuallyprintedreportshowingwhereandwhenheorsheisscheduledtowork,PersonnelSystems,Personnelsystemsarestillrelativelyuncommoninthehotelandcateringindustry.Individualhotelsorrestaurantstendtoemployarelativelysmallnumberofpeople,andusingacomplexcomputersystemtohelpmanagepersonnelmightthereforebeunproductive.,人事薪資管理系統,出勤刷卡作業.人事員工管理.制服領用作業.薪資銀行轉帳作業.現金發放作業.二期薪發放作業.勞健保所得稅作業.年度扣繳憑單作業.離職員工作業.出勤考核作業.排班表作業,AccountingSystems,Thetraditional,paper-basedmethodofaccountinginvolvesrecordingtransactionsinthreeledgers:asalesledger,apurchasesledgerandanominalledger.Becauseadouble-entrysystemisusedtoensureaccuracy,entrieshavetobemadeinseveralledgerstorecordasingletransaction.,AccountingSystems,Computerizedpackagesimplifytheprocessbycompletingeachtransactioninasinglestep.AllnecessaryledgerentriesaremadeautomaticallywhenthetransactionisprocessedbytheaccountingsystemElectroniclinkstoothercomputersystemallowmanyofthepostingstobemadeautomatically.,AccountingSystems,Accountingsystemsareusuallypurchasedinmodules,eachofwhichdealswithdifferentaspectsoftheaccountingprocess.Eachmodulecanworkasastand-alonepackage,orcanbeintegratedwithothermodulestogiveacompletecomputerizedaccountingsystem.Modularizationallowsbusinessestouseonlythosemoduleswhichareusefultothem.Modularizationalsoallowsbusinessestocomputerizeinstages.,AccountingSystemModules,Debtors-ledgermoduleCreditors-ledgermoduleNominal-ledgermodule,Debtorsledgermodule,Functionsandbenefits:Recordsthedetailsofallsalesmadebythebusiness.Computerizedsystemensuresthatcustomeraccountsarealwaysaccurateanduptodate,andmeanthatend-of-monthstatementscanbeproducedpromptlyAutomaticallyprintsreminderstobesenttoclientswhosepaymentsareoverdue.Provideimportantmanagementinformationwhichmakesiteasiertomanagedebtorsefficiently(ex.Creditlimitreport),CreditorsLedgerModule,Functionsandbenefits:CreditorsledgerrecordsallpurchasesmadebythebusinessProvidevaluablereportandmanagementinformationex.Paymentsschedule,whichlisttheamountsduetocreditorsinacalendar-likeformatEnsuresthatpaymentismadeontime,thusmakinguseofdiscountsPreventpaymentbeingmadetoosoon,thusallowingusetobemadeofthefreecreditgivenbysuppliers,Nominal-LedgerModule,Functionsandbenefits:Producethefinalaccounts:thetradingaccount,profitandlossstatement,balancesheetAccountscanbeproducedfarmoreregularlythanwouldbepossibleusingmanualmethods.Becauseaccountscanbeproducedmoreoften,managementareabletoreactmuchfastertochangesinperformance,andcontroloverthecompanysfinancesismuchtighter.,會計帳務管理系統,會計總帳管理,多公司多部門帳務,傳票開立作業.各分類帳餘額作業,應收帳款.票據作業.應付帳款.票據作業,票據開立管理,各式財務報表列印.固定資財攤提作業.每期折舊作業,MarketingSystems,Computerapplicationsthathelpidentifyandsatisfycustomerneedsandthushelpcompaniestoachievemarketingobjectives.Guest-historysystemsContact-managementsystemsSales-analysissystems,Guesthistorysystems,Hotelshavetraditionallystoredalotofdataabouttheirregularcustomers.Maintainguesthistorymanuallyisbothexpensiveanddifficult.Computerizedsystemshelpbyallowingmuchmoreinformationtobestoredandprocessedwithvastlylessclericaleffort,andalsobyallowingthedatatobeaccessedmorequicklyandeasily.,Guesthistorysystems,Inmanycases,dataistransferredautomaticallyfromothercomputersystems,suchasthePMS,whichhelpstokeepthedatainthesystemaccurateanduptodateThedataofguesthistoryisaveryvaluablemarketingtoolThegeographicallyanddemographicallyinformationofguestscangiveanaccurateprofileoftypicalguestsandtheirspending.,Guesthistorysystems,Datacanbeusedindirectmailshotsandtotargetpromotionalcampaign.RestaurantsareusingfrequentcustomerschemeandcomputerizedEPOStotrackthespendinghabitsofcustomersformarketingpurpose.,Contactmanagementsystems,Focusonpotentialcustomersbyrecordingandprocessingcustomerenquires.TendtobeusedmainlyinthesalesdepartmentStoresacontactnameandtelephonenumberforeachenquiry,alongwitharecordoftheservicesrequestedDetailsofcorrespondencearealsostoredonthesystemtoshowthestatusofeach