Unit-2-a-brief-introduction-to-the-united-kingdom.ppt

Unit2ABriefIntroductiontotheUnitedKingdom,NorthernIreland,BasicInformation,Population:1.642millionArea:14139sqkmSmallestofthe4nationsCapitalcity:BelfastThebiggestcityintheprovince,eastcoastLanguage:English,Irish,ItissignificantofpoliticaltroublesGeographicfeature:rurallowhills,withbeautifullakedistrictinthesouth-west,NorthernIreland,Belfast,Ruggedcoastline,GiantsCauseway,PoliticalProblems,ActiveCulturalLife,Withmanytheatres,restaurants,pubsandmuseums.Poet:SeamusHeaneyFilm-maker:NeilJordanPopmusician:VanMorrisonPlaywright:BrianFriel,Pubs,Museum,SeamusHeaney,DoorintotheDarkTheSpiritLevelSEAMUSHEANEYforworksoflyricalbeautyandethicaldepth,whichexalteverydaymiraclesandthelivingpast.李维译：由于其作品洋溢着抒情之美,包容着深邃的伦理,揭示出日常生活和现实历史的奇迹。,NeilJordan,哭泣游戏(TheCryingGame,1992)勇敢的人（TheBraveOne，2007）冥王星早餐（BreakfastonPluto，2005）爱到尽头TheEndoftheAffair(1999)在梦中InDreams(1999)傲气盖天MichaelCollins(1996)夜访吸血鬼InterviewwiththeVampire(1994),VanMorrison,NoReligionWedidntknownobetterAndtheysaiditcouldbeworseSomepeoplethoughtitwasablessingOtherpeoplethinkthatitsacurseItsachoicebetweenfactandfiction,Economy,Itsproblems:discouraginginvestmentanditsperipheralityinrelationtotheUK.,Lowlivingcosts,Industrialcompanies:aircraft,shorts,HarlandandWoolf,Aircraftcarrier,ThehistoryoftheNorthernIreland,QueenElizabeth1(Britishcolonialadministration),NewsettlerswhichloyaltothebritishcrowncomeintotheNorthernIreland,DuringthetimeofBritishcolonialadministration,theislandhadahistoryofmasacreexile,repressionanddeprivationTheislandoftheIrelandisasmallplace.Andthesituationisdiscribedas“Greathatred,littleroom”,700yearslater.,Thesituationisnowchangingandchangingdramatically,Whathasmadethedifference?,Thethirdhomerulebill,TheIrishdesiresforanindependentIrishstate,Theyusedpoliticalcampaignand.terroristactivitiestobeagainsttheBritishbutfailed,ThemostspectacularevevtwastheEasterrisingof1916,theytookoverDublinsPostOffice.,In1919.theIRAexpandedthefighting,TheSinnFeinpartygainedmostoftheIrishseatsintheBritishparliament,Irishindependencebecameinevitable.,Cantheyreallysucceed?,Differences,ThemajoritywereethicallydifferentfrommostBritishpeople.TheyweredescendantsoftheoriginalCelticpeople.Religiondifference.MostIrishpeopleremainedCatholics,whilemostBritishpeoplehadbecameProtestants.,Conflict,ThepeoplewhoemigratedtothenorthofIrelandstillthoughtofthemselvesasBritish.Organizedashowofforce.TheBritishgovernmentorganizedapartition,thesouthern26countiesgotfreedom.,TheFlagOfIreland,TheFlagOfTheNorthIreland,Conflictsstillexist,NorthIrelandhadnotbeenpurely“Republican”.Protestantscontrolledthelocalparliament，dominanttheeconomyandthesociety.Catholicslivedinpoorsituation.Armedconflictdevelopedthetroubles.,WHY?,CatholicsProtestants!,wantcivilrightsmarches,speeches,sit-ins,repressdemonstrations,rioting,Fight!,Britishrule,IRAsviolence,segregation,BritishRule,Astrongfaction(ProvisionalIRA)thoughtthearmedforcewastheonlywaytogetBritishout!,BoomingShootingAttacking.,Results:,theBritishSecurityforceswerestrengthenedtheProtestantstookrevengeonCatholics,BloodySunday,1972-theworstyearofthetroubles.AnimportantsymbolofBritishoppressionSomesmallarmedconflictsendemicNorthsculture,Politicalsolutions,APower-sharingmechanismDirect-ruleTheeffectsofBritishforcesSo,whatisgoingon?,MargaretThatcher撒切尔夫人,Inthe1980s,11politicalprisonersstarvedtodeath.,TheleadersofthepoliticalcampaignofSinnFein.SpokeofatwincampaignforunionwithIreland,bothpoliticalandmilitary.,Thebullettheballotbox.,and,AseriesofbigbombingsinLondoninthelate1980sandearly1990sincreasedpressureontheBritishgovernmenttocomeupwithasolution.,Cooperationbetweenthetwogovernments.InAugust1994,theIRAdeclaredaceasefire.Protestantparamilitarygroupdidthesame.,ThreeseparateattemptsweremadetodraftanagreementbetweentheBritishandIrishgovernments.Firstly,inJanuary1974,theBritishPrimeMinisterEdwardHeathsetupapower-sharingexecutive.,Secondly,theAnglo-IrishAgreementof1985.,Last,on10April1998.TheGoodFridayAgreement.,TheGoodFridayAgreement,NorthernIrelandtodaymustbetheonlycountryintheworldwhichisrecognizedasanindependententity.,Itisgoveredbythreeseparatejurisdictions:thatoftheRepublicofIreland,thatofGreatBritain,andthatofitsownelectedexecutivegovernmentoftenministers,Atpresent,however,becauseofthewithdrawalofloyalistministerswithinthisgovernment,theNorthsinstitutionswasbeensuspendedbytheBritishgovernment.,TheNorthofIrelandisnowaquieterandmerecivilizedplace.Thenitwasbeenforthelastthirtyyears.,Fewbombings.,Thepoliceactionsarefairaswellasseentobefair.,ConclusionTheNorthstillhasfartogo.,EconomyUnemploymentreligio