高考英语二轮专题复习介词和介词短语课件.ppt

2017高考二轮复习,介词和介词短语,考点纵横,考纲解读,介词是英语中比较活跃的词,它与名词、形容词、副词和动词等构成搭配时用法灵活且意义丰富。介词的考查形式多样,除了单纯考查介词外,还常考查介词与其他词的搭配。此外,在定语从句中,也常考查“介词+关系代词”的用法。有些介词的考查频率较高,如with,beyond等。,考题导引,1(2016浙江，6)Thatyoungmanishonest，cooperative，alwaystherewhenyouneedhishelp._，hesreliable.解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意为：那个年轻人诚实而且善于合作，总是在你需要帮助的时候出现。总之，他是可靠的。2(2016全国，64)Myconnectionwithpandasgoesback_mydaysonaTVshowinthemid1980s.解析：gobackto为固定短语，意思是“回到，追溯到”。3(2016全国，短文改错)Myunclesaysthatheneverdreamsbecomingrichinashortperiodoftime._解析：固定短语dreamof/about(doing)sth的意思是“梦想做某事”。,Inshort,to,在dreams之后加上of或about,4(2016全国，44)Mostofusaremorefocused_ourtasksinthemorningthanwearelaterintheday.解析：考查介词的用法。很多人早晨的注意力要比晚些时候的注意力更集中。固定短语befocusedon专心于，集中于。5(2016全国，短文改错)NowIamleavinghometocollege.Atlast,Iwillbeonmyown,butIstillwanttohavemyparentstoturntowheneverIneedhelp._解析：固定搭配leave.for离开去。,on,tofor,一、介词1表示方位的at,in,on,to,beside/by和near,知识梳理,2表示方位的between和among,3表示方位的across,through,over和past,4表示时间点的at,in和on,5表示时间段的for和since,6表示交通方式的by,in和on,7表示“用”的by,in和with,8表示“除外”的except,exceptfor和besides,9其他常考介词的用法(1)against的用法,(2)beyond的用法,(3)over的用法,(4)to的用法,(5)under的用法,(6)with的用法,二、介词短语介词的固定搭配考查有两种：一是考查固定搭配中的介词；二是考查介词短语。Whilestayinginthevillage,Jamesunselfishlysharedwhateverhehadwiththevillagerswithoutaskingforanythinginreturn.(2014浙江高考)当詹姆斯住在这个村里的时候，他无私地把他的任何东西都与村民分享而不图任何回报。,Startingyourownbusinesscouldbeawaytoachievingfinancialindependence.Ontheotherhand,itcouldjustputyouindebt.(2014江西高考)自己做生意或许是获得经济独立的一种方法，另一方面，它也可能让你负债。,知识积累,介词的常用搭配一览1介词与名词的常用搭配(1)atn.表示状态ataloss不知所措atpeace处于和平中atwar在战争中atwork在工作(2)其他以at开头的介词短语atthebeginningof在的开始atthecostof以的代价attheriskof冒的危险atthemercyof在支配下；任由摆布,(3)onn.表示状态onexhibition/show在展出onfire着火onsale出售，打折ontheway在途中onthedecrease/increase在减少/在增加onholiday/vacation在度假onduty/guard在值班/站岗,(4)其他以on开头的介词短语onaccountof因为onbehalfof代表onnoaccount/condition决不(5)byn.表示方式byaccident偶然byair/plane乘飞机bychance偶然bycoincidence碰巧byhand用手工bymistake错误地bytheday按天算bynature天生地,(6)inn.表示方式incash用现金付款inwidth在宽度上indepth在深度上indetail详细地insize在大小上inheight在高度上inlength在长度上inEnglish用英语(7)其他以in开头的介词短语inneedof需要innocase决不innotime立刻innoway决不inplaceof代替inpossessionof拥有，占有inadditionto另外inchargeof掌管inresponseto作为回应inreturn作为回报,inspiteof尽管inexchangefor作为交换infavorof支持，赞成incaseof万一；如果；假如incelebrationof为庆祝incontrolof管理；控制；操纵inhonourof为向表示敬意inmemoryof为了纪念insupportof为支持inthechargeof在的管理下inthedirectionof在方向inthefaceof面对,(8)ofn.表示特征(等于相应的形容词)ofbenefit有益处的ofhelp有帮助的ofimportance重要的ofsignificance有意义的ofuse有用的ofvalue有价值的(9)outofn.表示状态outofbalance失去平衡outofbreath上气不接下气outofcontrol不受控制outofdate过期outofdebt不欠债outoforder出故障outofshape走样，不成形outofsight看不到outofthequestion不可能outofwork失业,(10)undern.表示被动underattack遭到袭击underdiscussion在讨论中underpressure在压力下undertreatment在治疗中undercontrol处于控制之中underconstruction在建造中(11)withn.表示方式withdelight/joy高兴地withdifficulty困难地withease轻而易举地withfear害怕地withpleasure乐意地,(12)beyondn.表示“超出，难以”beyondcompare无与伦比beyondreach够不到beyonddescription难以描述beyonddoubt不用怀疑，确实地beyondexpression/words难以表达2介词与形容词的常用搭配(1)beadj.aboutbeanxiousabout忧虑becuriousabout对好奇,beparticularabout对讲究/挑剔beworried/concernedabout对担心(2)beadj.atbeangryat因生气begoodat擅长beastonishedat对吃惊bepresentat出席bedisappointedat对失望(3)beadj.inbeabsorbedin专注于beactivein积极于bedressedin穿着beengagedin忙于,berichin富含beoccupiedin忙于beinterestedin对感兴趣beinvolvedin包括在中，被卷入(4)beadj.forbeeagerfor渴望befamousfor以著名befitfor适合，胜任behungryfor渴望bereadyfor准备好besorryfor对感到抱歉bethankfulfor因而感激beanxiousfor急切盼望，渴望bepreparedfor为做好准备,(5)beadj.frombeabsentfrom缺席bedifferentfrom不同于befarfrom远离befreefrom不受影响(6)beadj.tobecloseto接近becontraryto与相反bedevotedto致力于beequalto等于befamiliarto对来说熟悉befriendlyto对友好begoodto对有好处begratefulto对心存感激beharmfulto对有危害bekindto对友好beopposedto反对besimilarto与相似be/getusedto(变得)习惯于,(7)beadj.ofbeawareof意识到befondof喜欢befullof充满beproudof因而自豪beshortof缺乏betiredof厌烦beashamedof为感到羞耻(8)beadj.withbebusywith忙于befilledwith充满becombinedwith与结合becontentwith对满意,becoveredwith被覆盖befamiliarwith对熟悉bepatientwith对有耐心bepopularwith受的欢迎besatisfiedwith对满意bepleasedwith对感到满意byangrywith(sb.)对(某人)发怒beconcernedwith与有关；涉及，关心，关注,考点突破,考点语境词义辨析1.Thedictionaryis_：manywordshavebeenaddedtothelanguagesinceitwaspublished.(2016天津，2)A.outofcontrolB.outofdateC.outofsightD.outofreach,解析考查“outof名词”型介词短语辨析。句意为：这部词典过时了：自从它出版以来，这门语言已增添了许多单词。outofdate过时，符合语境。outofcontrol失控；outofsight看不见；outofreach够不着。,2.Haveyoueverheardofthetreesthatarehomes_animalsbothonlandandsea？(2015浙江，3)A.aboutB.toC.withD.over,解析考查固定搭配。句意为：你听说过是海陆两栖动物栖息地的树吗？behometo为固定搭配，意为“是的栖息地，是的家园”。,3.Mostpeopleworkbecauseitsunavoidable._，therearesomepeoplewhoactuallyenjoywork.(2015浙江，10)A.AsaresultB.InadditionC.BycontrastD.Inconclusion,解析考查介词短语辨析。句意为：大多数人工作因为这是无法避免的，相比之下，也有一些人确实喜欢工作。根据语境可知，此处表示前后对比。bycontrast相比之下，符合语境。asaresult结果；inaddition另外，此外；inconclusion总之。,4.Manyofthethingswenowbenefitfromwouldnotbearound_ThomasEdison.(2015江苏，34)A.thankstoB.regardlessofC.asidefromD.butfor,解析考查介词短语辨析。句意为：如果没有托马斯爱迪生的话，我们现在所受益的许多东西是不会出现的。thanksto幸亏，由于；regardlessof不管，不顾；asidefrom除了，除以外；butfor要不是，如果没有的话。由句意知选D项。,5.Thismeetingroomisanonsmokingarea.Iwouldliketowarnyou_thatifyousmokedhereyouwouldbefined.(2015湖北，30)A.inadvanceB.indetailC.intotalD.ingeneral,解析考查“in名词”型短语意义辨析。句意为：这个会议室是“无烟区”。我想提前提醒你，如果你在这里吸烟，你将会被罚款。根据题干中that引导的宾语从句可知，说话者是在“提前”告诉对方这一事实，所以选择inadvance。indetail详细地；intotal总共；ingeneral一般来说。,6.Thelittlepupiltookhisgrandma_thearmandwalkedheracrossthestreet.(2015陕西，12)A.onB.byC.inD.at,解析句意为：那个小学生搀着奶奶的胳膊，送她过了街道。“动词sb.介词the人体部位”是习惯用法，根据身体的不同的部位变化介词，如：patsb.onthehead，heface等。,7.Acommonmemorytheyallhave_theirschooldaysistheschooluniform.(2015福建，22)A.ofB.onC.toD.with,解析考查介词的用法。句意为：他们对校园岁月的共同记忆就是校服。本句使用了haveamemoryof这一搭配，意为“对的记忆”。,考点归纳,1.几组常见的介词短语(1)outof名词outofquestion毫无疑问；outofthequestion不可能；outoforder次序颠倒；outofsight看不见；outofplace不合适；outofpity出于同情；outofcuriosity出于好奇(2)in名词inpower掌权；ingoodcondition状态良好；indespair绝望地；inpublic/secret公开地/秘密地；intears哭泣；ingood/badrepair保养得好/不好；incharge负责，掌管；inahurry匆忙；inanger生气；introuble有困难,(3)in名词介词incaseof以防万一；inhonorof为了纪念；infavorof支持；inmemoryof为了纪念；inchargeof负责；intermsof从角度；inneedof需要；inpraiseof表扬；inviewof鉴于；inreturnfor作为对的回报；inresponseto对的答复或反应(4)under名词undercontrol受控；underattack遭到攻击；underway在进行中；underdiscussion在讨论；underconsideration在讨论/考虑中(5)at名词atwork在工作；atplay在玩耍；atdinner在吃饭；atease轻松，自由自在；atwar在打仗,(6)on名词onfire着火；onpurpose故意地；onduty值日；onthephone在打电话；onleave在休假；onholiday在度假；onawalk在散步；ontherise/fall上升/下降；onsale出售；onshow/exhibition展出；onbusiness出差；ononeswayto在去的路上；onavisit/trip/tour出行(7)toones情感名词toonessurprise令某人惊讶的是；toonesjoy使某人高兴的是；toonesdisappointment令某人失望的是；toonesdelight使某人高兴的是,2.注意下列短语中介词的用法fornothing不花钱，免费comeacrosstheroom穿过房间feellikedoingsth.想要做某事getpaidbytheweek按周获得报酬beparticularabout.对苛求、挑剔withsatisfaction满意地besecondtonone不输于任何人；不比任何东西差ononesown独自地ingreatquantity大量地，大批量,ingreatdemand需求量很大takeaturnforthebetter正朝更好的方向发展keepaneyeon照看，照料withthehelpof在的帮助下undertheleadershipof在的领导下thearticleinthenewspaper报纸上的文章abirdinthetree树上的鸟applesonthetree树上的苹果ticketsfortheconcert音乐会的票inthedirectionof朝着的方向,fromthedirectionof从的方向setanexampletosb.给某人树立榜样3.下列短语中to为介词belongto属于datebackto追溯到lookforwardto盼望；期望beaddictedto沉溺于beaccustomedto习惯于be/getusedtodoing.习惯于做bedevotedto.致力于stickto坚持,.单句填空1.(2016全国)Butmyconnectionwithpandasgoesback_mydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s.2.(2016全国)Mostofusaremorefocusedourtasksinthemorningthanwearelaterintheday.3.(2015新课标)ForthosewhoflytoGuilin,itsonlyanhourawaycarandoffersallthesceneryofthebetter-knowncity.,真题感悟,to,on,by,4.(2015新课标)thesametime,theywarmupagainforthenight.5.(2015湖南)Thereisalotmorematerialavailable,whichmeansyoumaybeoverwhelmedtheamountofinformation.6.(2015福建)Acommonmemorytheyallhavetheirschooldaysistheschooluniform.7.(2015广东)Hesoldorexchangedsomeofthemilkinthetownsnearbyotherfoodandmadecheeseandbutterforthefamilywithwhatwasleft.,At,with,of,for,8.(2015重庆)Lastyearwasthewarmestyearonrecord,withglobaltemperature0.68theaverage.9.(2014新课标)Igotaplacenextthewindow,soIhadagoodviewofthesidewalk.10.(2014福建)Byfocusingonsavingoil,water,paper,food,andclothing,weareplayingapartcuttingdownonwaste.11.(2014广东)Ididntunderstandwhythiswouldhappenandmycreditcardhadalreadybeenchargedthereservation.12.(2014湖南)Inthisway,everyonewilllivepeace.,above,to,in,for,in,.单句改错1.(2015新课标)Unfortunately,onthedevelopmentofindustrialization,theenvironmenthasbeenpolluted.2.(2015新课标)Tonys