2021版高考英语一轮复习 Unit 1 The world of our senses课后达标检测 牛津译林版必修3

unit 1 the world of our senses课时练12篇阅读1篇完形 阅读理解a(2020皖南八校联考)you try to keep your eyes wide open while watching a basketball match or a wonderful firework show in case you might miss something exciting in just the blink of an eye. but in fact, humans blink about 15 times per minute on average. have you ever missed anything because you blinked? probably not. why is that?according to a new study published in the journal current biology in september, our brain has the ability to skip the temporary darkness when we blink. it can keep visual information for a short period of time and then put it together to form an image without interruption.in order to understand how this works, a group of scientists at the german primate center and the university center gottingen in germany conducted an experiment. in the study, the participants were asked to look at patterns on a screen whose direction could be interpreted in different ways, such as horizontally(水平地) or vertically(垂直地). when one pattern was about to disappear and the next one was about to come, the participants had to indicate the direction that the next pattern would appear.the researchers found that when the directions of two patterns didnt match, the area in our brain which is responsible for visual memory was activated. this same area showed less activity when two patterns were in the same direction.“the medial prefrontal cortex(额叶皮层) adjusts current visual information with previously obtained information, and thus enables us to perceive the world with more stability, even when we briefly close our eyes to blink，” caspar schwiedrzik explained in science daily. he is the first author of the study and also a scientist at the german primate center.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，眨眼并不会错过细节并解释了其原因。1we dont miss anything when blinking because our brain can _adeal with the missing imagebremember all that we seecimagine what our eyes missdput our pieces of memory togethera解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“according to a new study published in the journal current biology in september, our brain has the ability to skip the temporary darkness when we blink.” 可知，根据九月份发表在当代生物学杂志上的一项新研究，我们的大脑有能力跳过我们眨眼时形成的暂时黑暗。据此可推知，由于我们的大脑能处理丢失的图像，所以眨眼不会让我们错过任何东西，故a项正确。2what does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to?aour brainbvisual information.ccurrent biology.dthe temporary darkness.b解析：代词指代题。根据第二段第二句“it can keep visual information for a short period of time and then put it together to form an image without interruption.”可知，大脑可以在短时间内保存视觉信息，然后将其组合在一起形成不中断的图像，故可推知，it指代上文中的“visual information”，故b项正确。3what do we know about the experiment?athe two patterns appear at the same time.bvisual memory can be more activated by similarity.cparticipants can interpret patterns differently.dthe different directions activated visual memory.d解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“when the directions of two patterns didnt match, the area in our brain which is responsible for visual memory was activated. this same area showed less activity when two patterns were in the same direction.”可知，当两个模式的方向不一致时，掌握视觉记忆的大脑区域则被激活；当两种模式在同一方向时，这个区域则显示出较少的活动。据此可知，不同的方向能激活视觉记忆，故d项正确。4what would be the best title for this passage?athe brains structurebthe brains activated patternscthe brains special skilldthe brains orientationc解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一项科学研究。研究表明，眨眼不会错过细节并解释了其原因，即大脑有能力在短时间内保存视觉信息，然后将其组合在一起形成不中断的图像信息。故c项最适合作本文的标题。b(2020济南高三质检)there are only a few truly pleasant smells to wake up to in the morning. for me, its the smell of freshly brewed coffee. just a sniff of it makes me jump out of bed and rush to the kitchen for a gulp of the hot black liquid.if youre a big fan of coffee, youll understand that opening a new packet of coffee releases an amazing smellfresh, roasted coffee beans. and youll be able to identify the beans origincolombia, vietnam or brazil. tim hayward is a food writer and coffee shop owner; he believes the smell is absolutely vital. “when you walk into the coffee shop in the morning and that smell hits you, youre getting physiological responses.”i know from experience when i walk into a cafe, my mouth begins to water and its the smell that makes me feel good. however, this feeling sometimes turns to disappointment. this is particularly the case when i order a coffee to go in a tall paper cup and sip the liquid through a hole in the lid. yes, its convenient, but is it really the right way to appreciate it?you walk into the coffee shop, you get the smell, but when you actually take the drink out, you are drinking it from something that is designed to deliver the hot liquid directly past your tongue, but prevent any smell coming up to your nose. as well as eliminating the smell, takeaway coffee cups create a lot of waste and a vast majority of them still dont get recycled. so maybe now is the time to really wake up and smell the coffee by drinking from a cup in a cafe, chatting with friends and saving the planet!【解题导语】咖啡的味道令作者着迷，但是纸杯装的咖啡，其味道被阻隔了，无法让人感觉到咖啡真正的味道，并且纸杯还带来污染。5in which aspect does the author agree with tim hayward?apeople drink coffee first thing in the morning.bcoffee beans origin makes all the differences.csome people are addicted to drinking coffee.dits the smell of coffee that really matters.d解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“for me, its the smell of freshly brewed coffee.”以及第二段第三句中的“he believes the smell is absolutely vital”可知，两人都认为咖啡的味道非常重要。故选d。6what does the author complain about?athe process of making coffee.bthe high temperature of coffee.cthe design of the paper coffee cup.dthe inconvenience of buying coffee.c解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句和第四段第一句中的“you are drinking it from something that is designed to deliver the hot liquid directly past your tongue, but prevent any smell coming up to your nose”可知，纸杯的设计令作者不满。故选c。7what can replace the word “eliminating” underlined in paragraph 4?acreating.bremoving.cincreasing.dchanging.b解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段第一句中的“prevent any smell coming up to your nose”并结合画线词所在句可推知，该词的含义与“prevent”含义相近，故选b。8what can be the best title of the text?awake up and smell the coffeebtry to be a real lover of coffeecdrink coffee to save the planetdchoose takeaway coffee for conveniencea解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段第二句“for me, its the smell of freshly brewed coffee.”并结合文章其他内容可知，全文围绕咖啡的味道展开叙述，主要讲述了作者对咖啡味道的喜爱，并表述了打包带走的纸杯装咖啡的坏处，并因此建议不如在咖啡馆内坐下来，细细品味咖啡，故a项最适合作本文标题。 完形填空(2020沈阳教学质量监测)jayce began noticing when he was in kindergarten that he looked different from his classmates. they had two arms. he had one.it started when one boy _1_him, said his mother, lewis. hed return to his home with questions：“why am i _2_？ why me？” his mother recalled he was actually sad and that it was a heavy _3_ to his heart.lewis _4_ she didnt know what to do at that point. a few weeks later, lewis turned on the tv and saw a news story about an eighth grader, trashaun, becoming an internet hit after _5_ videos of his slam dunks(灌篮), and, like jayce, he _6_ most of his left arm. lewis called jayce in. to her surprise, jayce was immediately _7_. at the time, it seemed that watching trashaun was _8_ an inspiring moment for jaycehe saw a role model with a similar _9_. if it had stayed just that, lewis would have been happy enough. but little did she know that a family friend had already _10_ to the newspaper to help set up a _11_ with trashaun to build jayces confidence.the boys met and instantly _12_ with each other as both of them were in the same condition. they rode bikes, took photos, and played basketball on the court. instead of spending the whole day feeling _13_ for themselves, they had a lot of fun. however, trashaun did get _14_ with jayce sometimes. they talked about his left arm. he told jayce he was perfect the way he was made. he also told him not to let anyone _15_ him and not to let those words shake his _16_since that meeting, lewis has seen a noticeable _17_ in her son. as for trashaun, his relationship with jayce made him _18_ to help more kids. “honestly, it _19_ a lot to know that i changed jayces life，” trashaun says. still, he never dreamed that his _20_ would have such an impact. “i just thought my friends would see them, and be like, oh, he dunked it！”he certainly did.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了trashaun帮助jayce重拾信心的故事。1a.supportedbteasedccheateddpleasedb解析：根据第一段可知，jayce在幼儿园时注意到自己和同班同学不一样，因为他只有一只胳膊，结合下文中的“he was actually sad and that it was a heavy _ to his heart”可推知，此处是说jayce因为缺少一只胳膊而被一个男孩嘲笑(teased)，故选b。2a.lonelybsillycdifferentdordinaryc解析：根据语境可知，jayce不明白自己为什么与别人不同(different)，故选c。3a.dutybbreathcdebtdblowd解析：根据上文jayce被嘲笑并结合语境可推知，缺少一只胳膊不仅让jayce很难过，而且这对其心灵是一个沉重的打击(blow)，故选d。4a.arguedbpromisedcsuspecteddadmittedd解析：根据语境可推知，当时lewis承认(admitted)她并不知道应该做些什么(来帮助她的儿子)，故选d。5a.downloadingbpostingcbuyingdwatchingb解析：根据语境可知，trashaun把他自己的灌篮视频发布(posting)到网上后走红，故选b。6a.lostbhurtcuseddrecovereda解析：根据该句中的“like jayce”和“most of his left arm”，并结合上文jayce少了一只胳膊可推知，trashaun的境况和jayce一样，他失去(lost)了大部分左胳膊，故选a。7a.satisfiedbconfusedcboreddattractedd解析：根据下文中的“at the time, it seemed that watching trashaun was _ an inspiring moment for jayce”可推知，jayce立刻被trashaun的故事吸引(attracted)了，故选d。8a.hardlybsimplycstilldneverb解析：根据下文中的“if it had stayed just that, lewis would have been happy enough.”可推知，当时看trashaun的视频对jayce来说只是(simply)一个鼓舞人心的时刻，故选b。9a.responsebfamilycproblemdeducationc解析：根据语境可推知，jayce缺少一只胳膊，trashaun失去了大部分左胳膊，故此处指他们两个有类似的问题(problem)，故选c。10a.reached outblooked outcgot outdturned outa解析：根据语境可推知，lewis的一位朋友已经联系(reached out)了报社来帮助安排jayce和trashaun的会面(meeting)，从而增强jayce的自信心，故选a。11a.gamebfightingctrapdmeetingd解析：参见上题解析。12a.bondedbcompetedcparteddraceda解析：根据下文中的“they rode bikes, took photos, and played basketball on the court.”可推知，两个男孩拥有相同的境况，很快建立了互信关系。bond with sb.“建立(与某人的)互信关系”，为固定搭配，故选a。13a.happybgratefulcsorrydfearfulc解析：根据语境“instead of”可推知，此处与下文的“fun”形成对比，故选c。14a.angrybseriousctoughdfamiliarb解析：根据空前的“however”与下文中的“they talked about his left arm.”可推知，trashaun有时也会和jayce有严肃的(serious)时刻，他们会谈论他的左胳膊，故选b。15a.approachbcomfortcdiscouragedleavec解析：根据语境可推知，此处是trashaun在鼓励jayce，告诉他不要让任何人使他气馁(discourage)，也不要让其他人的话动摇他的信心(confidence)，故选c。16a.confidencebpatiencecsadnessdhonestya解析：参见上题解析。17a.advantagebscarcdrawbackdchanged解析：根据下文中的“honestly, it _ a lot to know that i changed jayces life， trashaun says.”可推知，自从那次会面后，jayce发生了显著的变化(change)，故选d。18a.expectbagreechesitatedrefusea解析：根据下文中的“honestly, it _ a lot to know that i changed jayces life， trashaun says.”可推知，通过和jayce的交往，trashaun了解到自己改变了jayce，这让他期望(expect)能够帮助更多的孩子，故选a。19a.caresbmeanscsavesdtakesb解析：结合上题解析可推知，了解到自己改变了jayce对trashaun来讲意义(means)重大，故选b。20a.attitudesbwordscvideosddisabilitiesc解析：根据下文中的“i just thought my friends would see them, and be like, oh, he dunked it！”可推知，此处指的是trashaun之前上传到网上的视频(videos)，故选c。课时练22篇阅读1篇七选五1篇语法填空 阅读理解a(2020安徽联盟阶段考试)when i was three years old, i couldnt speak. it was a strange reality that none of the doctors i visited could understand.one day, i was shadowing(尾随) my mother. she found herself looking in a mirror, and through it our eyes met. she began to speak to me through the reflection, and i slowly began to mimic(模仿) her mouths movements until i formed a word.it turned out that im deaf in my left ear, and have a slight problem in my right. being hard of hearing has been difficult, but ive never lived in a state of selfhating sorrow. imagine being able to shut out all sound as you lay your head down to sleep by simply rolling over onto one side. thats my reality when i sleep on my “good ear”， and it makes me feel like a superhero sometimes.people call my deaf side my “bad ear”， but when i wear my hearing aid, i have access to a range of features that some other deaf people dont. in cinemas, for example, with one click of a button i can enjoy a whole film as though it were whispered to me from the mouths of the actors.owning a hearing aid hasnt always felt good, however. on the first day i got my aid, when i was eight, i took it to school for show and tell. as i explained how it worked to my classmates, a boy yelled out, “arent those for old men？” at that moment, i felt different. it took a long time for me to get over that sense of being so unlike my peers.but its not just schoolkids who can make us deaf and hardofhearing people feel like burdens. every video on social media that lacks subtitles(字幕), for example, means an entire community of deaf people is unable to enjoy it. completely deaf people are excluded from enjoying many movies too, as subtitles in cinemas are almost impossible to find.and with hearing aids costing around $2，500 each, it can be hard for many people to afford to be able to listen to things that others take for granted. as for me, i can listen to music, enjoy films, and catch conversationsim lucky. im deaf, but i can still hear everything. ive been blessed with wonderful life experiences, and i am human. and when it comes to sleeping, im even superhuman.【解题导语】本文主要讲述了作者积极应对自己听力障碍的励志故事。1how does the author view his hearing difficulty?aits a disaster and causes him a lot of trouble.bit gave him a chance to experience something special.cit made him feel embarrassed in front of his classmates.dit helped him to live in his own world without being interrupted.b解析：推理判断题。根据对第三段的整体理解，尤其是最后一句“thats my reality when i sleep on my good ear， and it makes me feel like a superhero sometimes.”可推知，听力障碍让作者有了与众不同的体验，与最后一段倒数第二句“ive been blessed with wonderful life experiences, and i am human.”呼应，故选b。2what can be inferred from the passage about the author?ahe was born deaf.bhe is optimistic and helpful.chis family and classmates have supported him a lot.dthe hearing aid brings much convenience to his daily life.d解析：推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“people call my deaf side my bad ear， but when i wear my hearing aid, i have access to a range of features that some other deaf people dont.”和对本段的整体理解可推知，助听器给作者的生活带来了诸多便利，故选d。3what is the authors attitude towards his life?agrateful.banxious.cexcited.ddisappointed.a解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段第二句“as for me, i can listen to music, enjoy films, and catch conversationsim lucky.” 和第四句“ive been blessed with wonderful life experiences, and i am human.”可推知，作者对自己的生活充满感激之情，故选a。4what is the authors main purpose in writing the passage?ato give advice on life to disabled people.bto show how difficult life is for disabled people.cto share his experience of treating a disadvantage with gratitude.dto show the convenience a hearing aid could bring.c解析：写作意图题。根据对全文的整体理解可知，本文主要讲述了作者积极应对听力障碍的励志故事，故选c。b(2020辽宁五校联考)in a longsleeved shirt and jeans, dieudonne twahirwa looks nothing like the traditional african farmer. the 30yearold owner of gashora farm knows what a difference that makes.“you need more role models，” he said, standing among kneehigh rows of chilli(辣椒) plants. “if you have young farmers, having land and driving to the farm, others may think, why cant i do that？”mr. twahirwa, a university graduate, bought a friends tomato farm six years ago for $150. he made $1，500 back in two months. “you have to link farming with entrepreneurship and real numbers，” he said.many young africans are abandoning areas in the countryside, choosing not to work hard and for a long time in the fieldsa job made tougher by climate change.but twahirwa is one of the growing band of successful farmers working to make agricultures image on the continent more attractive. some 1，000 farmers now produce chillies for him. he is starting a fourth farm of his own, and exports fresh and dried chillies and oil to britain, the united states, india, and kenya.africa has the worlds youngest population and 65 percent of its uncultivated arable land(耕地后备资源). yet accessing land and loans is difficult, and african productivity is low with crop yields just 56 percent of the international average.“agriculture is mainly associated with suffering and no young person wants to suffer，” said tamara kaunda. she believes african agriculture needs a change to get rid of its oldfashioned image of very hard and tiring work with a hoe. “show young people tractors, green fields, nice irrigation systems and smartphones，” she said.getting young people involved in agriculture does not mean they have to work on a farm. for example, in coffee production, the beans go from the farm to the washing station, then to be separated from the husks(外壳)【解题导语】非洲青年dieudonne twahirwa从事农业生产，他通过自己的努力，获得了巨大的回报；非洲有世界上最年轻的人群与大量的耕地后备资源，但是由于气候与农业技术的落后，很多年轻人都不愿意从事农业；dieudonne twahirwa则为非洲青年树立了榜样。5what does “why cant i do that？” in paragraph 2 mean?awhy cant i drive to the farm?bwhy cant they farm?cthey follow the example of those farmers.dthey bought a friends tomato farm.c解析：句意理解题。根据第二段中的“if you have young farmers, having land and driving to the farm, others may think, why cant i do that？”可知，此处表示如果你有年轻的农民，他们有土地，而且开车去农场，其他人可能会想：“为什么我不能那样做？”该句意在表明其他人认为他们可以效仿那些农民的做法。故选c。6what makes it harder for farmers to work?apoor land.bclimate change.clow income.dlong working hours.b解析：细节理解题。根据第四段“many young africans are abandoning areas in the countryside.a job made tougher by climate change.”可知，在非洲，让农民的劳动难度更大的原因是气候变化。故选b。7what can we learn about twahirwa according to paragraph 5?ahe made a fortune by growing chillies.bhis chillies are superb in the world.cfarmers working for him live a simple life.dthe locals arent willing to buy his chillies.a解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的“some 1，000 farmers now produce chillies for him. he is starting a fourth farm of his own”可推知，twahirwa通过种植红辣椒赚了很多钱。故选a。8when it comes to agricult