经济管理及财务知识分析词汇

A priori approach先验法Above the line, below the line线以上,线以下Absolute advantage绝对利益Absolute inequality绝对不均等线Acceleration principle加速原因Accelerations Phillips curve力速性的菲力浦曲线Accounting profits会计利润Acquisition取得;收购Action lag行动上的落后Actual inflation rate实际的通货膨胀Ad valorem tax从价税Adaptive expectation 适应性预期Adjusted nominal money growth调整的名目货币成长Administered price支配价格aggregate demand relation总合需求关系Aggregate expenditure总支出Aggregate income总收入Aggregate output总合产出Aggregate private spending总合私人支出Aggregate production function总合生产函数Aggregate supply curve总合供给曲线Aggregate supply relation总合供给关系Aggregates总量Allocation of resource资源配置Allocative efficiency分配效率Alternative uses多种用途Animal spirits动物直觉Annuity年金Anticipated inflation意料中的通货膨胀Anticipated money预期的货币Anti-inflation policy反通货膨胀政策Anti-recession policy反衰退政策Antitrust Act反托拉斯法Appreciation (nominal)升值(名目)Appropriability (of research results)(研究结果的)受益Arbitrage套利;套息Arc elasticity孤弹性Arithmetic/arithmetical progression算术级数AS-AD modelAS-AS模型(总合供需模型)Asian crisis亚洲危机Asian miracle亚洲奇迹Asset资产Assumption假设Automatic adjustment mechanism自动调整机能Automatic stabilizer自动稳定因子Autonomous change自发性变动Autonomous consumption自发性消费Autonomous expenditure自发性支出Autonomous investment自发性投资Autonomous spending自发性支出Average cost pricing平均成本订价法Average factor cost平均要素成本Average fixed cost平均固定成本Average product平均产量Average propensity to consume平均消费倾向Average propensity to import平均进口倾向Average propensity to save平均储蓄倾向Average revenue平均收益Average revenue product平均收益产量(ARP)Average total cost平均总成本Average variable cost平均变动成本Averages平均量axiom公理Backward bending labor supply curve后弯的劳动供给曲线Backward integration向后整合Backward shifting向后转嫁(后转)Balance of payments国际收支Balance of payments adjustment国际收支失衡的调整Balance of trade贸易平衡;贸易差额Balanced budget预算平衡Balanced budget multiplier平衡预算乘数Balanced growth平衡成长Balance-of-payments accounts 国际收支平衡表Band (for exchange rates)区间(汇率的)Bank credit银行信用Bank draft银行汇票Bank reserve银行准备Bank run银行挤兑Banking multiplier银行乘数Bankruptcy破产Bargaining power议价能力Barrier to entry进入障碍Barter 以物易物Barter economy以物易物的经济Barter trade以物易物Base year基期(基准年)Basket of currencies一篮通货Beggar-my-neighbor以邻为壑Behavioral assumption行为假设Behavioral equation行为方程式Beneficial externality外部性利益Benefit收益;福利Best lending rate最优惠的利率Big bang大震惊Bilateral exchange rate双边实质汇率Bilateral monopoly双边独占Bilateral trade双边贸易Bill of exchange汇票Black market黑市Board of Governors理事会bond债券Bond market债券市场Bond rating债券评等Boom 繁荣Break-even point损益两平点Broad money广义货币Budget deficit预算赤字Budget line预算线Budget surplus预算盈余Built-in stabilizer自动安定机能Business cycle theory景气循环理论Business cycles景气循环Cambridge cash balance equation 剑桥现金余额方程式Capacity产能Capital资本Capital account资本帐Capital accumulation资本累积Capital consumption资本消耗Capital controls资本管制Capital depreciation资本折旧Capital expenditure资本开支Capital export资本输出Capital gain资本利得Capital goods资本财Capital inflow资本流入Capital intensive industry资本密集产业Capital investment资本投资Capital labour ratio资本劳动比Capital market资本市场Capital movement资本流动Capital outflow资本外流Capital stock资本存量Capital/output ratio资本/产出比Capitalist economy资本主义经济Carrying cost存置成本Cartel 卡特尔组织Cash drain现金流失Cash flow现金流动Cash reserve 现金准备Causality因果关系Central bank中央银行Central bank money中央银行货币Central parity中心平价Centrally planned economy中央计画经济Ceteris paribus其他条件不变Chamberlain, Edward泰柏林Change in quantity supplied供给量的变动Change in supply供给的变动Changes in business inventories企业存货的变化Changes in demand需求的变动Checkable deposits支票存款Choice theory选择理论Churning搅动Circular flow of income 所得循环周流Classical economics古典学派经济学Clean float纯粹浮动Closed economy封闭经济Closed market封闭的市场Coase theorem高斯定理Cobweb theory蛛网理论Collective bargaining集体协商Collusion勾结Commercial bank商业银行Commercial paper商业本票Commission佣金;委员会Commodity money商品货币Common-property resources共同财富Company公司Comparative advantage比较利益Comparative cost比较成本Comparative economics比较经济学Comparative statics比较静态Compensating wage differentials补偿性工资差异Compensation of employees受雇者的收入Compensation principle补偿原则Competitive behavior竞争行为Competitive demand竞争需求Competitive equilibrium竞争性均衡Competitive firm竞争性厂商Competitive market竞争市场Complements互补品Confidence band信赖带区间Congressional Budget Office (CBO)国际预算办公室Constant cost industry固定成本的产业Constant returns to scale规模报酬固定Constrained optimization受限的最适化Consumer behaviour消费者行为Consumer choice消费者选择Consumer confidence index 消费者信心指数Consumer preference消费者偏好Consumer price index (CPI)消费者物价指数Consumer sovereignty消费者主权Consumerss surplus消费者剩余Consumption 消费Consumption expenditure消费支出Consumption function消费函数Consumption goods消费财Consumption of fixed capital固定资本折耗Consumption possibility line消费可能曲线Contestable market可竞争市场Contractionary effect紧缩效果Contractionary open market operation紧缩性公开市场操作Contractionary policy紧缩政策Controlled experiment控制的实验Convergence收敛Convertible currencies可兑换通货Coordination (of macroeconomic policies between two countries)协调(两国间的总体政策)Corporate bond公司债Corporate profits公司利润Corporation(股份有限公司)公司Correlation相关Cost成本Cost benefit analysis成本效益分析Cost effectiveness成本效能Cost minimization成本最小化Cost of exchange交易成本Cost of living生活费Cost of living index生活成指数Cost of production生产成本Cost-plus pricing成本加成订价法Cost-push inflection 成本推动型通货膨胀Coupon bond 付息债券Coupon payments票息利率Coupon rate票面利率Crawling peg蠕动钉住Creative destruction创造生毁灭Credibility可信度,公信力Credit card信用卡Credit channel信用管道Credit control信用贷款控制Credit creation信用创造Creditor债权人Cross elasticity交叉弹性Crowding-in effect挤入效果Currency通货Currency board货币委员会Currency deposit ratio现金存款比率Currency issue通货发行Current account经常帐Current Population Survey (CPS)当前人口调查Current yield当期收益率Customs duty关税Cyclical unemployment循环性失业Cyclically adjusted deficit循环性调整赤字Dead-weight loss无谓损失Debase降低成色Debt finance债务融通Debt monetization债务货币化Debt ratio公债比Debt repudiation拒付债务Debt-to-GDP ratio公债对GDP比率Decision lag决策落后Decision makers决定者Decreasing cost industry成本递减产业Decreasing returns to capital资本报酬递减Decreasing returns to labor劳动报酬递减Decreasing returns to scale递减成本的产业Default risk违约风险Deferred payment递延支付Deficit budget赤字预算Deflated GNP平减物价下的国民生产毛额Deflation通货紧缩Deflationary fiscal policy紧缩财政政策Deflationary gap紧缩缺口Deflator平减指数Degrees of freedom自由度Demand curve需求曲线Demand deposits存款货币;活期存款Demand for domestic goods国内商品的需求Demand function需求函数Demand management 需求管理Demand price需求价格Demand schedule需求表Demand-pull inflation需求拉动型通货膨胀Dependent variable因变数Deposit存款Deposit creation存款创造Deposit money存款货币Depreciation折旧;贬值Depreciation allowance折旧提列Depreciation rate折旧率Depression萧条Derived demand引伸性需求Devaluation贬值Developed country已开发国家Developing country开发中国家Diamond-water paradox钻石与水的矛盾Differential rent差别地租Differentiated product异质性产品Diminishing marginal rate of technical substitution边际技术替代率递减Diminishing marginal returns边际报酬递减Diminishing marginal utility边际效用递减Direct tax直接税Dirty floating污浊的浮动Discount贴现Discount bond折价债券Discount factor折现因子Discount policy贴现政策Discount rate贴现率;折现率Discount window折现窗口Discounted value折现值Discouraged worker丧志工人Discretionary fiscal policy权衡性的财政政策Diseconomies of scale规模不经济Disguised unemployment隐藏性失业Disinflation反通货膨胀Disposable income可支配所得Disposable income per capita平均每人可支配所得Disproducts负产品Dissaving负储蓄Distribution of goods财货分配Distribution of income所得分配Disutility负效用Diversification多样化;分散投资Dividend 股利Division of labour分工Dollar GDP现价GDPDollarization美元化Domestic demand for goods商品的国内需求Domestic trade国内贸易Double coincidence of wants互为需要Double counting 重复计算Dow Jones Industrial Average道琼工业股价平均指数Dual labor market双元性劳动市场Dumping倾销Durable goods耐用品;耐久财Duration of unemployment失业期间Dynamic动态Dynamic efficiency动态效率Earning收益;收入Economic analysis经济分析Economic bads负产品Economic cost经济成本Economic development经济发展Economic efficiency经济效率Economic epochs经济纪元Economic goods经济财Economic growth经济成长Economic indicator经济指标Economic planning经济计画Economic policy经济政策Economic profits经济利润Economic reform经济改革Economic rent经济租Economic stability经济稳定Economic system经济制度Economic welfare经济福利Economics of scale规模经济Economics of welfare福利经济学Economist经济学长Effect lag效果的落后Effective demand有效需求Effective labor有效劳动Effective real exchange rate有效实质汇率Efficiency效率Efficiency wage效率工资Elastic有弹性的Elasticity 弹性Elasticity coefficient弹性系数Elasticity of demand需求弹性Elasticity of supply供给弹性Embargo禁运;禁止出口Employee雇员Employer雇主Employment就业Endogenous variable内生变数Endowment禀赋Engel curve恩格尔曲线Engels law恩格尔法则Entertainments tax娱乐税Entitlement programs资格性计画Entrepreneur企业家Entrepreneurship企业才能;企业精神Envelope curve包络曲线Equation of exchange交易方程式Equilibrium均衡Equilibrium condition均衡条件Equilibrium equation均衡方程式Equilibrium in the goods market商品市场的均衡Equilibrium income均衡所得Equilibrium price均衡价格Equity 公平Equity finance股票融通Equity premium股票溢酬Euro欧元European central bank (ECB)欧洲中央银行European Monetrary System (EMS)欧洲货币制度European Union欧洲联盟Eurosclerosis欧洲硬化症Ex ante事前Ex post事后Excess burden超额负担Excess capacity超额能量Excess demand超额需求Excess profits超额利润Excess reserve超额准备Excess supply超额供给Exchange交易;兑换Exchange control外汇管制Exchange Fund外汇基金Exchange market外汇市场Exchange rate汇率Exchange rate mechanism (ERM)汇率机制Exchange rate system汇率制度Exchange value交换价值Excise duty货物税Exclusive排他的Execution lag执行落后Exhaustive expenditures耗竭性支出Exogenous variable外生变数Expansion景气扩张Expansionary fiscal policy扩张性财政政策Expectations hypothesis预期假说Expectations-augmented Phillips curve加入预期的菲利浦曲线Expected present discounted value预期折现值Expected rate of inflation预期通货膨胀率Expected rate of return预期报酬率Expenditure approach支出面法Experiment实验Explicit costs外显成本Export出口Export duty出口税Export subsidy出口补贴Export substitution出口替代Exporting country出口国;输出国Extensive growth 扩张性成长External benefits外部利益External costs外部成本External diseconomies外部不经济External economies外部经济External effects外部效果externalities外部性F.O.B.离岸价格Face value面值Factor cost生产要素成本Factor endowment要素禀赋Factor income要素所得Factor income approach 要素所得法Factor market要素市场Factor mobility生产要素流动性Factor payments approach要素支出法Fad狅热追价Fallacy of composition合成的谬误Fallacy of division分割的谬误Fallacy of false course因果谬误Fascism法西斯主义Favourable balance of payments国际收支顺差Favourable balance of trade贸易顺差Favourable terms of trade有利的贸易条件Featherbedding 插花Fed accommodationFed的融通Federal deposit insurance联邦存款保险Federal funds market联邦基金市场Federal funds rate联邦基金率Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC)联邦公开市场委员会Federal Reserve Bank (Fed)联邦准备银行Federal Reserve Districts联邦准备地区Feedback回馈Fertility of research研究丰富多产性Fiat money强制货币Final products最终产品Financial asset金融资产Financial centre金融中心Financial deepening金融深入Financial dualism金融双元性Financial institution金融机构Financial intermediary金融中介Financial investment金融投资Financial market金融市场Financial wealth金融财富Financing融资Fine tuning准确调节Firms厂商First-degree price discrimination第一级差别取价Fiscal balance败政平衡Fiscal consolidation财政的巩固Fiscal contraction财政的紧缩Fiscal drag财政拖累Fiscal expansion财政的扩张Fiscal policy财政政策Fiscal year财政年度Fisher effect费雪效果Fisher equation费雪方程式Fixed asset固定资产Fixed capital 固定资本Fixed deposit定期存款Fixed exchange rate固定汇率Fixed exchange rate system固定汇率制度Fixed factors固定生产要素Fixed investment固定投资Float浮动Floating exchange rate浮动汇率Flow流量Forecast error预测误差Foreign currency外币Foreign direct investment国外直接投资Foreign exchange外汇Foreign exchange control外汇管制Foreign exchange market外汇市场Foreign exchange rate汇率Foreign trade对外贸易Foreign-exchange reserves 外汇存底Forward exchange market期货外汇市场Four tigers亚洲四小龙Franchise专利权FranchisedMonopoly专利垄断Free economy自由经济Free entry and exit自由进出Free goods自由财Free market economy自由市场经济Free mobility自由流动Frictional unemployment摩擦性失业Fringe benefit劳工福利Full employment充分就业Full-employment deficit完全就业赤字Fully funded social security system安全资金式社会安全制度Fundamental psychological law基本心理法则Fundamental value基本价值Future goods未来财Futures contract期货合约Futures market期货市场G-7七大工业国Game竞赛Game theory竞赛理论GDP adjusted for inflation通货膨胀调整的GDPGDP deflatorGDP平减指数GDP growthGDP成长GDP in chained dollars连锁价格的实质GDPGDP in constant dollars固定价格的GDPGDP in current dollars当前价格GDPGDP in terms of goods实物GDPGeneral equilibrium一般均衡Geometric series等比级数,几何数列GNP deflatior国民生产毛额平减指数Going value存续价值Gold standard金本位Golden-rule level of capital黄金律资本水准Goods 财货Goods market黄金市场Goodwill商誉Government bond政府债券Government budget constraint政府预算限制Government consumption expenditure政府消费支出Government failure政府失灵Government intervention政府干预Government policy政府政策Government purchases政府的购买Government regulation政府法规;政府管制Government revenue政府收入Government spending政府支出Government subsidy政府补贴Government subsidy政府补贴Government transfers政府的移转性支出Great Depression经济大恐慌Great Depression经济大萧条Greshams Law格来兴法则Greshams Low格来兴法则gross domestic capital formation国内资本形成毛额Gross domestic capital formation国内资本形成毛额Gross domestic product国内生产毛额Gross domestic product (GDP)国内生产毛额gross fixed capital formation固定资本形成毛额Gross fixed capital formation固定资本形成毛额gross investment毛投资Gross investment手投资Gross national product (GNP)国民生产毛额Gross national product (GNP)国民生产毛额Gross private domestic fixed investment私人国内固定投资毛额growth成长Growth 成长growth distortion成长的扭曲Growth distortion成长的扭曲Harrod-Domar model哈罗-多玛模型Harrod-Domar model哈罗-多玛模型heavy industry重工业Heavy industry重工业Heterodox stabilization program非正统的稳定计画heterogeneous goods异质产品Heterogeneous goods异质产品High-powered money强力货币High-powered money强力货币Hires聘用Historical cost历史成本;既往成本Historical cost历史成本homogeneous goods同质产品Homogeneous goods同质产品households家户单位Households家户Housing wealth房屋财富human capital人力资本Human capital人力资本human wants人类欲望Human wants人类欲望Human wealth人力财富Humphrey-Hawkins ActHumphrey Hawkins法案hyperinflation恶性的通货膨胀Hyperinflation恶性的通货膨胀Hysteresis磁滞现象Identification problem确认问题Identity恒等式Idle money闲置货币Idle money闲置货币impact lag效验上的落后imperfect competition不完全竞争implicit costs隐藏成本Implicit price index隐性的物价指数import进口Import quotas进口限额import restriction进口限制import substitution进口替代import tariff进口关税imported inflation输入性通货膨胀Importing country进口国;输入国incentive诱因;激励income所得income consumption curve所得消费曲线income distribution所得分配income effect所得效果income elasticity所得弹性Income policy所得政策income redistribution所得重分配income tax所得税income velocity of circulation of money货币的所得流通速度Increasing cost industry成本递增的产业Increasing marginal opportunity cost 机会成本递增Increasing returns to scale规模报酬递增Independent goods独立品Index指数Indexing指数化;编制指数indifference curve无异曲线indirect tax间接税individual demand个别需求induced consumption诱发性消费induced expenditure诱发性支出induced taxation诱发性租税inductive method归纳法industrial diversification工业多元化industrial promotion工业促进industrialization工业化industry产业inelastic无弹性的inequality measures不均度infant industry幼稚产业inferior goods劣等财inflation通货膨胀inflationary gap膨胀缺口information cost资讯,讯息成本injection挹注in-kind transfer 实物移转innovation创新,发明input投入input-output ration投入产出比率installment分期付款insurance保险integration整合;合并interest rate利率intermediate products中间财intermediate range中间区域internalization内部化internalization内部化International division of labor国际分工international division of labor国际分工International economics国际经济学international economics国际经济学International finance国际金融international finance国际金融International Monetary Fund国际货币基金(IMF)international Monetary Fund国际货币基金(IMF)International settlement account国际清偿帐International settlement account国际清偿帐International trade国际贸易international trade国际贸易Intertemporal model 跨期模型Intertemporal modle跨期模型Intertemporal trade-off跨期的抉择Intertemporal trade-off跨期的抉择inventory存货inventory存货investment投资investment投资investment multiplier投资乘数investment multiplier投资乘数invisible hand一只看不见的手invisible hand一只看不见的手involuntary unemployment非自愿性失业involuntary unemployment非自愿性失业IS curvelS曲线IS curvelS曲线IS curveIS曲线isocost等成本线isocost等成本线isoquant等产量曲线isoquant等产量曲线Jaw boning下巴骨政策Jaw boning下巴骨政策J-curveJ曲线J-curve effectJ曲线效果J-curve effectJ曲线效果joint product联产品jonint product联产品Junk bond垃圾债券Keynes凯因斯Keynesian range凯因其斤区域Keynesian revolution凯因斯革命Ki