Langue and parole语言和言语的区别于联系（课堂PPT）

TheInfluencesofLangueandParoleonLinguistics,YanXudong,1,LangueandParole,TheProposalDefinitionTheInfluencesConclusion,2,Proposal,“Langue”and“parole”areputforwardbySaussurewhoactuallystartedarevolutioninLinguistics.BeforeSaussure,althoughLinguisticshadbeenlong-termstudiedbymanyscholars,itwasstillintraditionalwayandalmosthadnoadvance;Linguisticshadbeeninadisorder.SaussurelivedintheperiodthatHistoricalComparativeLinguisticswasinitsheat.Buthedidnotfollowtheherd.Atthattime,hesensitivelypointedouttheweaknessofLinguisticsinhisCourseinGeneralLinguistics(普通语言学教程）thatthesubjectofLinguisticsissomethingcuriousandwithoutanyrelationship.InordertoexplainwhatisthesubjectofLinguistics,Saussureputforwardtheconcept“langue”and“parole”.,3,Definition,languereferstotheabstractsystemofrulesandconventionsofasignifyingsystem-itisindependentof,andpre-exists,individualusers.Parolereferstoconcreteinstancesofitsuse.-EncyclopediaofLinguistics,4,Influences,5,Theinfluenceonlinguisticsasanindependentscience,ThedistinctionofthetwotermsstartedanewleafinLinguistics.ThesubjectofLinguisticsstudybecamemoreclear.ThesituationthatspeechactsbeingasthestudysubjectofLinguisticswaschanged.SaussurebelievedthatspeechispersonalrandomthatLinguisticscannotperfectlydealwith.HeinsistedthatscientificLinguisticsshouldstudythestablelanguagenotthespeech.Linguistsarealwaysfacedwithindefinitespeechacts.Inordertostudythisfactssystematically,linguistsmustabstractalanguagesystemtojustifythosefacts.Thedistinctionoflangueandparolehelpslinguiststodeterminethestudyfieldandfindthegeneralrulesbehindthemasslanguagephenomenon.Fromthispointofview,thedistinctionoflangueandparolemakesLinguisticsmorescientific,andimprovesthedisorderedlinguisticsstudybefore.Ithelpstogeneralizelanguagesystemsfromconcretespeeches,soitbringsconveniencetolanguagestudy.ThusLinguisticshasbecomeanindependentsciencesincethedistinction.,6,Theinfluenceonlinguisticsasanindependentscience,将语言和言语区分开来至少有两方面的意义一、有助于语言科学的精密化，有助于从具体个别的言语中概括出一般的语言体系二、可以带来研究和论述上的方便-潘庆云只有再言语体系中区分了语言和言语，才有可能建立真正的语言学理论，语言学才能成为一门独立的科学-裴文,7,Theinfluenceonfuturelinguisticschools,ThePragueSchoolpracticedaspecialstyleofsynchroniclinguisticswhichisstartedbySaussuresideaofsynchronyanddiachrony.ChomskysproposaloflinguisticcompetenceandperformanceareinfluencedbySaussureslangueandparole.,8,Theinfluenceonfuturelinguisticschools,TheinfluenceonChomskystheory(1)ThedistinctionofcompetenceandperformanceCompetencereferstotheidealusersknowledgeofthelanguage:thatistheabilitiesallnativespeakershaveofbeingabletounderstandandproducesentences.Performancereferstotheactualrealizationofthisknowledgeinlinguisticcommunication.CompetenceandperformancearequitesimilarwithSaussureslangueandparole.Theydifferindifferentperspectivesofstudyinglanguages.Saussuretookasociallinguisticallyviewoflanguage.Languageisamatterofsocialconventions.Chomskylookedatlanguagefromapsychologicalpointofview,andcompetenceisapropertyofthemindofeachindividual.,9,Theinfluenceonfuturelinguisticschools,TheinfluenceonChomskystheory(2)ChomskysinnatenesshypothesesandLADtheoryTheytwoarecertaingettingthethoughtsfromSaussurelangueandparole.Chomskybelievesthatchildrenarebornwithalanguageacquisitiondeviceandwithknowledgeofthisbasicgrammaticalrelationsandcategories,andthisknowledgeisuniversal.Henamedituniversalgrammar.Langue,astheabstractsystemofrules,actuallyexistsinpeoplesmindsincetheywereborn,whichcanbeexplainedinanalternativeviewinChomskystermtheLAD.,10,TheinfluenceonthecloselyconnectionofLinguisticsandPhilosophy,SaussuresproposaloflangueandparoleconnectedLinguisticswithphilosophy.Modernwesternphilosophystudyinvolvesthemetaphysics.Thecauseofmetaphysicsinphilosophyisbelievednotthephilosophyitselfbutthelanguageproblem.Becauseoftheillexpressionofphilosophylanguage,thephilosophyproblemsareinamass.Theproblemshouldbesolvedthroughtheexplanationoflanguage.Thedistinctionoflangueandparolestimulatetheproductionoflinguisticphilosophy.Linguisticshasgraduallybecomeaninterdisciplinarysubject.,11,TheinfluencesontheFLT,FLTistheshortformoftheforeignlanguageteaching.Thedistinctionoflangueandparolegivesforeignlanguageteacherssomeinspirationonsecondlanguageteaching.Inclassroomteachingboththe“langue”and“parole”shouldbetaughttostudents.Ontheonehand,foreignlanguageteachingmustteachstudents“language”thatis:phonetics,vocabulary,grammarandmeaning.TheabstractsystemsofruleswhichiscorrespondencetoSaussureslanguemustbeknowntostudents.Ontheotherhand,langueexistsintheconcrete“parole”,inordertostudyalanguagewell;theutterancemustbeoftenpracticed.Thatistospeakmore.,12,TheinfluencesontheFLT,Thewesternculturestudyandthesituation-basedteachingmethodgotthetheoryfromSaussuresdistinctionoflangueandparole,whichhelpstocontinuallyimprovetheFLTM(foreignlanguageteachingmethodology)Takethecommunicativeapproachasanexample,thelearningtheoriesare:1、followthenaturalacquisition2、languageisbestlearnedthroughuseinsocialcontext;3、learningisaprocessofmeaningnegotiation.,13,TheinfluencesontheFLT,ThecommunicativeapproachIntermsofthethreetheories,itisclearthatSaussureslangueandparolearethroughthem.Theemphasisonthenaturalacquisitionreferstotheimportanceofthelanguewhichistolearntheabstractlinguisticsystem.Theuseofsocialcontexthassomerelationshiponparolewhichistherealizationoflanguageinactualuse.,14,TheinfluencesontheFLT,TeachingsyllabusTheteachingsyllabuswillbewellarrangedaccordingtothedistinctionoflangueandparole.Thustheteacherwillseparateaswellasrelatethetheoryandthepracticeattherighttimetoachievethebestgoaltoteachstudents.Itmakesthesecondlangueteachingmorescientificandsystematic.,15,Conclusion,Thedistinctionoflangue