高中英语语法-直接引语和间接引语.ppt

,直接引语与间接引语（DirectSpeechandIndirectSpeech）,Grammar,直接引语(directspeech)：,直接引述别人的原话,把它放在引号内,间接引语(indirectspeech)：,用自己的话转述别人的话,间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句,4类别：,类别1:直接引语为祈使句类别2:直接引语为陈述句类别3:直接引语为特殊疑问句类别4:直接引语为一般疑问句,类别1:直接引语为祈使句,当祈使句是肯定句时，使用.,当祈使句是否定句时，使用.,ask/tellsb.todosth,ask/tellsb.nottodosth,eg.把下列直接引语改为间接引语,Hesaidtome,“openthewindow,please.”,Heaskedmetoopenthewindow.,Theteachersaidtothestudents,”Stoptalking!“,Theteachertoldthestudentstostoptalking.,注意：一般情况下，1、通常直接引语里含有please表示请求：使用asksb(not)todosth,2、直接引语里不含please表示命令，建议等语气：使用tell/order/advisesb(not)todosth,1.Mothersaidtohim,dontcry!Motherhimcry.2.Isaidtohimyesterday,pleasecomeearly.YesterdayI_himearly.,Now,letscheck:,told,notto,asked,tocome,类别2:直接引语为陈述句,1.用连词来引导间接引语,2.从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要做相应的变化,that,类别2:直接引语为陈述句一、人称的变化规律,eg1.把下列直接引语改为间接引语,Shesaid,“Iliketennis.”,Shesaidthatshelikedtennis.,结论1：当直接引语的主语为第一人称时，变间接引语后与主句主语的人称保持一致。,巧记为：一随主,HesaidtoLily,“youmustgetupearly.”,HetoldLilythatshemustgetupearly.,eg2.把下列直接引语改为间接引语,结论2：当直接引语的主语为第二人称时，变间接引语后与主句宾语的人称保持一致。,巧记为：二随宾,Shesaidtome,“Theywanttohelphim.”,Shetoldmethattheywantedtohelphim.,eg3.把下列直接引语改为间接引语,结论3：当直接引语的主语为第三人称时，变间接引语后人称不变。,巧记为：三不变,类别2:直接引语为陈述句二、时态的变化规律,结论1：如果主句的谓语动词是现在时，直接引语变成间接引语时，从句的时态无需变化。,Hesays,Iwilldoittomorrow.”,eg1.把下列直接引语改为间接引语,Hesaysthathewilldoittomorrow.,eg2.把下列直接引语改为间接引语,Hesaid,“Iamateacher.”,Hesaidhewasateacher.,结论2：如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变成间接引语时，从句要用与过去相关的时态。,主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,时态的变化,Hesaidthathewasafraidhecouldntfinishthework.,Hesaidthathewasusingtheknife.,ShesaidthatshehadnotheardfromhimsinceMay.,Hesaidthathehadcometohelpme.,Shesaidthatshewoulddoitafterclass.,eg3.把下列直接引语改为间接引语,Theteachersaid,Theearthgoesroundthesun.,Theteachersaid（that）theearthgoesroundthesun.,结论3：直接引语若表示的是客观事实或真理时,变间接引语时时态不变。,Attention:,Whendirectspeechisabout:a)atruth真理b)atimetable时间表c)asaying/proverb/quotation格言/引用语d)Anadverbialindicatingthepast过去的时间状语,Therearesomecasesinwhichwedontneedtochangethetenseinindirectspeech.,Hesaid,“theearthisround.”2.Hesaid,“Thetrainleavesat7:30p.m.”3.Hesaid,“Romeisntbuiltinaday.”4.Tomsaid,“IwasborninJuly,1978.”,Changedirectspeechintoindirectspeech:,由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列代词、形容词、副词、动词等可能要变化。,thatthosethenbefore/earlierthatday/thatnightthenext/followingday,intwodaystimethedaybeforethenightbeforetwodaysbeforegotakethere,类别3:直接引语为特殊疑问句,1、引导词为.,2、疑问语序要改成.（疑问词+主语+谓语+其他成分）,3、人称的改变(一随主、二随宾、三不变),4、时态的变化(主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态。主句用过去时，从句用与过去相关的时态。),疑问词,陈述句语序,1.Whendoesthetrainarrive?Pleasetellme.Pleasetellmethetrain.2.Whattimedidhegetuptoday?Idontknow.Idontknowwhattimeuptoday.,Now,letscheck:,when,arrives,hegot,3.Heasked,“Whatsthematter?”Heasked_.,whatwasthematter,“Whatsthematter?”“Whatswrong?”“Whatsthetrouble?”变间接引语语序不变。,类别4:直接引语为一般疑问句,1、用连词引导,2、语序要改成.,3、人称的改变(一随主、二随宾、三不变),4、时态的变化(主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态。主句用过去时，从句用与过去相关的时态。),if/whether,陈述句语序,“DoyoulikeEnglish?”JimaskedTom.,eg.把下列直接引语改为间接引语,JimaskedTomif/whetherhelikedEnglish.,JimaskedTomwhetherhelikedEnglishornot.,结论：当句中用了whetherornot或whetheror时,不能用if来替换whether。,“DoyoulikeEnglishorChinese?”JimaskedTom.,JimaskedTomwhetherhelikedEnglishorChinese.,1.“Isyourmotheradoctor?”Lucyaskedme.Lucyaskedmeadoctor.2.Hesaid.,”Didyouseethegirl?”Heasked_thegirlornot.,Now,letscheck:,if,mymother,was,whetherI,hadseen,KeytoP.5Ex.2,Annesaidthatshedidntknowtheaddressofhernewhome.2.Annetoldherfatherthatshehadgottiredoflookingatnaturethroughdirtycurtainsanddustywindows.3.Thegirlsaidthatsheneededtopackupherthingsinthesuitcaseveryquickly.,4.Herfatheraskedherwhyshehadchosenherdiaryandoldletters.5.“Areyouveryhotwithsomanyclotheson?”Motherasked/saidtohe