英语基础知识梳理PPT课件

.,1,词性的分类,词类又叫词性，英语单词根据其在句子中的功用，可以分十个大类。,1名词n.student学生2代词pron.you你3形容词adj.happy高兴的4副词adv.quickly迅速地5动词v.cut砍、割6数词num.three三7冠词art.a一个8介词prep.at在.9连词conj.and和10感叹词interj.oh哦,.,2,句子成分,句子是阅读和写作的基础，句子成分是句子的基本单位。英语的句子成分有八种：,主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、主语补足语和宾语补足语。,.,3,句子成分详解表,.,4,英语的句子成分：,一）主语：Wallshaveears.Hewilltakeyoutothehospital.Threeplusfourequalsseven.Toseeistobelieve.Smokingisnotallowedinpublicplaces.Whetherornottheywillcomedependsontheweather.二）谓语由_担任。助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。Actionspeakslouderthanwords.Heisateacher.Maryhasbeenworkingatthedressshopsince1994.,实义动词/系动词,名词,代词,数词,todo不定式,doing动名词,句子,.,5,（三）宾语表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在_之后。_词后也会跟宾语。,Shecoveredherfacewithherhands.Wehaventseenherforalongtime.Doyoumindopeningthewindow?Givemefourplease.Hewantstodreamanicedream.Weneedknowwhatothersaredoing.,动词/动词短语,介词,名词n,代词pron,动名词,数词,todo不定式,句子,.,6,Myfatherisaprofessor.Whosthat?Itsme.Everythinghereisexpensive.Thestoryofmylifemaybeofhelptoothers.Threetimesfiveisfifteen.Hisplanistoseekworkinthecity.Myfirstideawasthatyoushouldhideyourfeelings.Sheisout.Myjobisfeedinganimals.Ifeelexcited.,三）表语它的位置在_之后。是用来说明主语的_,_,_的.,系动词,性质,特征,状态,名词n,代词pron,形容词adj,介词短语,数词,todo不定式,句子,副词adv.,动名词,分词,.,7,（五）定语是修饰_词.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之_；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之_。,Theyarewomanworkers.Hisfatherdidntwritehomeuntilyesterday.Maryisabeautifulgirl.Theplayhasthreeacts.ThisisherfirsttriptoEurope.anexcitedstudentIhavenothingtoeat.ThosewhowanttogotoTibetaretosigntheirnameshere.aswimmingpool,名,前,后,名词,代词,形容词adj,数词,形容词/序数词/todo不定式,过去分词v-ed,todo不定式,从句,动名词,.,8,六）状语状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、伴随情况等。,Thebestfishswimnearthebottom.Ileftthevillagefiveyearsago.Iarrivedlatebecauseofthetrafficjam.Wellsendacartofetchyou.Thefishcaneatapersonintwominutes,leavingonlybonesThestudentscameintotheclassroom,singinganddancing.Ifhegoes,sowillI.Thoughheisachild,heknowsalot.,地点状语,时间状语,原因状语,目的状语,结果状语,伴随状语,条件状语,让步状语,.,9,七）宾语补足语。英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。,Theyelectedmecaptainoftheteam.Wetrytomakeourcountrystrong.Wefoundeverythingingoodorderthere.Ishouldadviseyoutogetthechance.Isawhimgoingupstairs.Theyfoundthehousebrokenin.,名词,形容词,介词短语,todo不定式,现在分词doing,done过去分词,宾语和宾语补足语一起构成动词的复合结构,.,10,八）主语补足语如果上述结构变成被动语态，原宾语成为主语，原宾语补足语相应地变为主语补足语,Iwaselectedcaptainoftheteam.Ourcountrywillbemadestrong.,与宾语补足语一样,.,11,英语句子的种类,简单句(simplesentence),并列句(compoundsentence),复合句(complexsentence),.,12,简单句的五种基本句型,Helaughed.主语+谓语（vi.）IlikeChinesefood.主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语Theweatherisverycold.主语+系动词+表语Shetaughtthemphysics.主语+谓语(vt.)+间接宾语+直接宾语Wemustkeeptheroomwarm.主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语+宾语补足语,.,13,并列句把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来。,IturnedontheTV.MysisterandIwatchedit.IturnedontheTVandmysisterandIwatchedit.Iboughtmysisterapresent.Shedidntlikeit.Iboughtmysisterapresent,butshedidntlikeit.,并列句,并列句,常用并列连词:,平行并列连词:转折并列连