职业英语土建英语u

,土建英语,新职业英语,深圳职业技术学院应用外国语学院,Unit1FeasibilityStudy,EnglishforCivilEngineering,Warming-up,ReadingA,Listening,Speaking,4,1,2,3,ReadingB,5,Writing,6,VocabularyandStructure,8,Self-evaluation,7,Grammar,9,TheGreatestBuilding,10,Task1,Task2,Thefollowingisaflowchartofthefeasibilitystudyofaconstructionproject.FillinthemissingwordsaccordingtotheChinesemeanings.Thefirstlettersarealreadygiven.,Task1,用地L_U_设计费D_F_可行性研究F_S_建筑费用C_C_市场营销费M_C_,and,se,esign,ee,easibility,tudy,onstruction,ost,arketing,ost,Task2Lookatthefigureandthenputthefollowingitemsinorder.,项目决策阶段,项目实施阶段,Approvalofprojectproposal,Projectproposal,Design,Delivery,Feasibilitystudy,Designspecifications,Projectauthorized,Construction,3,1,6,8,2,5,4,7,ReadingA,BackgroundInformation,Task1,Text,Task2,Task3,Task4,BackgroundInformation可行性研究报告建筑工程可行性研究报告通常包括项目总述和背景、项目的市场预测和分析、选址、总体设计方案、设备和物资采购、财务估算、经济评价、结论和建议等。,ReadingA,ReadingA,Task1Beforereadingthepassage,seehowmuchyouknowaboutafeasibilitystudyofaconstructionprojectbyansweringthefollowingquestions.1.Whydothebuildersneedtomakeafeasibilitystudy?2.Canyounamethreecostsofaconstructionproject?,TheCostsinaFeasibilityStudy,Afeasibilitystudyisthefinancialanalysisofallthecostsandincomerevenuethatindicateswhetheraprojectwillproduceaprofit.Afeasibilitystudygoesthroughseveralstages.Thefirststageusesapproximatedfiguresavailableatthetimebutfurtherstageswillrequirecostfiguresthathavebeenconfirmedandfinalized.,ReadingA,声音,翻译,可行性报告中的费用可行性报告是对项目的所有成本和总收入所做的财务分析，用于判断一个项目是否可以盈利。完成一份可行性报告一般需要经过几个阶段。第一阶段是利用当时已有的大致数据，而后面的阶段是当各项成本数据都最终确定以后进行。,ReadingA,翻译,Whenpreparingafeasibilitystudyforanewconstructionproject,thefirstpointislikelytobethecostandavailabilityofthelandonwhichyouproposetobuild.Thetender,thatis,theofferyoumakefortheland,willalsohaveanumberofassociatedcostsforitemssuchaslegalcharges,stampdutyandutilitycharges,includingtransportationcosts.Theremaybemanyothercoststhatwillhavetobeconsidered.,ReadingA,声音,当为一个新的建筑项目准备可行性报告时，首先要考虑可能是能否取得该项目用地以及用地费用。投标价格，即为获得土地开出的价格，也包含其他相关费用，如法律费用、印花税和公共事业收费，如交通费等。另外可能还有其他费用需要考虑在内。,ReadingA,Afurtherestimatewillberequiredofthefeesandassociatedcostsforthebuildingdesign.Bidsfromanumberofarchitectswillhavebeencollectedandthemostcost-effectivedesignselected.Alltheseestimatedcostsmustbeaddedtothefirststageofthefeasibilityreport.,ReadingA,声音,还要进一步估算建筑设计费及相关成本。可以从一些建筑师的投标中选择出最经济的方案。这些估算的费用都要加入到第一阶段的成本计算中。,ReadingA,Thenextmajoraspecttoconsiderwillbetheconstructioncosts.Forexample,ifyourprojectcomprisestentownhomes,youneedtocalculatehowmuchitwillcostforbuildingmaterials,wagesandinsurance.Contractorswillbeaskedforestimatesandthemostreliableandcosteffectivedesignselected,butitiswise,atthisstage,toincludeanextrapercentage,say10%,fornon-specifiedcosts.,ReadingA,声音,下一步主要考虑的方面是施工费用。例如，如果项目是要建十栋市内住宅，则需要计算需要花费多少钱来购买建筑材料、发放工资、支付保险费用。承包商需要对此进行估算，而最可靠最合算的方案将入选。要注意的是，在一些阶段，明智的做法是对与不确定的成本，应留出10%左右的盈余。,ReadingA,Thistypeoffeasibilitystudywillalsoincludethelikelyestimatedmarketingcosts,suchasadvertising,printingofbrochuresandsalescommissions.,ReadingA,声音,Finally,dependingonwhatpercentageofthetotalcostwillhavetobeborrowed,thecostofborrowingmustbeincluded.Inotherwords,thetotalamountofinterestontheloanswillhavetobepaid,overtheperioduntilthebuildingsaresold.,ReadingA,声音,可行性研究也包括预估的营销费用，如广告、宣传册印刷和销售回扣。最后，根据总费用中的需要借贷的比例来计算借贷的成本。换句话说，在建筑出售前一共需要偿还多少贷款利息，以此作为融资的依据。,ReadingA,ReadingA,financial,adj.财政的，金融的,e.g.1.ThecityofShanghaiisbecomingafinancialcenter.上海市已经成为金融中心了。2.ThefinancialcenterofUKisLondon.伦敦是英国的金融中心。,financen.,UsefulExpressions:afinancialsuccess财政方面的成功；赚钱的事financialaid助学金；助学贷款financialmarket金融市场,ReadingA,ReadingA,gothrough,经受、经历（坏事、苦事）,e.g.1.Aftergoingthroughseveralroundsofnegotiation,theyfinallymadeanagreement.经历好几轮的协商谈判，他们终于达成了一致意见。2.Afterallhesgonethroughhecanalwayskeepsmiling.经历了那么多他依然能一直保持笑容。,experience,ReadingA,propose,v.提议，建议,e.g.1.TheCEOproposedchangestothemanagementsystemofthecompany.首席执行官对公司管理系统提出了调整意见。2.Mr.Wangproposedlargecutsinthetrainingbudgetintodaysmeeting.在今天的会上，王先生提议大幅消减培训预算。,proposal,associated,e.g.Becausethecompanyhasmadelargeprofitsthisyear,theemployeessalariesandassociatedcostshaverisensubstantially.因为公司今年收益丰厚，所以员工的工资和相关津贴都有大幅提高。,adj.联系起来的，有联系的，相关的,联合的,ReadingA,UsefulExpressions:beassociatedwith:（与）有关；（与有瓜葛e.g.Iwouldntwanttobeassociatedwithhisprojectanymore.,ReadingA,ReadingA,cost-effective,adj.有成本效益的；划算的；低成本高利润的,e.g.1.Theofficialswantedtofigureoutacost-effectivewaytofightcrime.官员们希望找到一个有效的方法去制止犯罪活动。2.Recruitmentandtraininghavetobeplannedinthemostcost-effectivewayinthecompany.在公司里，招聘和培训必须要以最经济的方式来进行。,ReadingA,comprise,v.包括；由组成,e.g.1.Theparticipatesinthismeetingcomprisepeoplefromallwalksoflife.参加这次会议的包括社会各层民众。2.Thezoocomprisesmanydifferentanimalswhichareverypopular.动物园都很多受人喜欢的各种动物。,ReadingA,calculate,v.计算，算出，估算,e.g.1.Wehaventreallycalculatedthecostofthewholeprojectyet.我们还没有估算出整项工程的费用。2.Goldpricesarecalculatedindollarsallaroundworld.国际上黄金价格以美元计算。,calculation,UsefulExpressions：becalculatedtodosomething旨在做某事calculateonsomething指望，期待,ReadingA,ReadingA,extra,adj.特别的，额外的；外加的,e.g.1.Extramoneywillbechargedfortheexcessofweight.超重将会收取额外的费用。2.Illhavetoworkextrahard.我必须特别努力地工作。,ReadingA,interest,n.利息,e.g.1.Theinterestratesalwaysstaystableinthiscountry.在这个国家利率总是保持平稳。2.Interestratesonpropertyloansarenowat20%.购房贷款目前的利率是20%。,ReadingA,commission,n.佣金，回扣,e.g.1.Thedealertakesa18%commissiononthesalesshemakesinthedeal.交易中交易商收取她销售额的18%作为佣金。2.Tomssalaryisquitesmall,butheearnsalotoncommission.汤姆的薪水很少，不过他赚得不少佣金。UsefulExpression：beoncommission根据销售额来给付,ReadingA,confirm,v.证实,e.g.1.Theextraevidenceconfirmedoursuspicions.额外的证据证实了我们的怀疑。2.ThePresidentconfirmedthattheelectionwouldbeonAugust8.总统证实大选将于8月8日举行。,ReadingA,finalize,v.完成，最后定下,e.g.1.Itstimetofinalizeourplansfortheconference.我们该把举办会议的计划确定下来。2.JackflewouttoEnglandtofinalizethedetailofthedeal.杰克乘飞机到英格兰，把这笔交易的细节定下来。,final,ReadingA,insurance,n.保险,e.g.1.Youshouldclaimonyourinsurancetoyourcompany.你应该向你投保的公司提出索赔要求。2.Doyouhaveinsuranceonyourhouseholdcontents?你买家庭财产保险了吗？,UsefulExpressions：lifeinsurance人寿保险carinsurance汽车保险aninsurancepolicy保险单,ReadingA,ReadingA,item,n.条款，项目,e.g.1.Hesatatthetablewiththenewspaperreadingeachitemaloud.他坐在桌子前，拿着报纸大声朗读每条新闻。2.Thearchaeologistwantedtoseeitem18,theChinesesilk.考古学家想看第18件，那个中国丝绸制品。,ReadingA,Task2Readthepassageanddecidewhichparagraphtalksabouteachofthetopicsintheboxbelow.,Paragraph()IncludingmarketingcostsParagraph()EstimatingdesigncostsParagraph()DefiningafeasibilitystudyParagraph()ConsideringtheconstructioncostsParagraph()BuyingthelandfirstlyParagraph()Raisingthecapital,5,3,1,4,2,6,ReadingA,Task3Readthepassageagainandtickthecostsmentioned.,LegalchargesStampdutyUtilitychargesWagesandinsuranceAdvertisingcostsRentalpaymentSalescommissionsCostsforprintingofbrochuresPaymentforresearchersInterestsontheloans,ReadingA,Task4Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothepassage.,1.Accordingtothepassage,whatisafeasibilitystudy?Afeasibilitystudyisthefinancialanalysisofallthecostsandincomerevenuethatindicateswhetheraprojectwillproduceaprofit.2.Whatislikelytobethefirstconcernforpreparinganewfeasibilitystudy?Itisthecostsandavailabilityoftheland.,3.Canyounamesomeoftheconstructioncosts?Legalcharges,stampdutyandutilitycharges,includingtransportationcosts.4.Canyounamesomeofthemarketingcosts?Advertisingcost,costforprintingofbrochuresandsalescommissions.5.Howtodecidehowmuchmoneywillhavetobeborrowed?Theamountofinterestshouldbeaddedwhenraisingthecapital.,ReadingA,Listening,Task1,Task2,Task3,Task4,Task1PeterJeffersonismakingacalltotheAZLandscapeArchitectureCompanyinordertomakeanappointment.Listentotheconversationandmatchthepeoplewiththerelevantinformation.,Listening,SecretaryoftheAZLandscapeArchitectureCompany,Makeanappointmenttotalkaboutafeasibilitystudy,Inameeting,PrincipaloftheSengerDesignGroup,Listening,Listening,Task1Script,Listening,Task2,Cindy,aManagerofSengerDesignGroup,isholdingameeting.Listentotheconversationandfillintheblankswithwhatyouhear.,Listening,Cindy:Goodmorning,everybody,thanksforcoming.Therearejusta(n)1_ofitemsontheagenda.Firstofall,asyoucansee,thefeasibility2_andourcollaborationwithAZLandscapeArchitecture;andsecondly,the3_forourresearchproject.IknowAlexwouldalsoappreciatealittlebitoftimeforanyother4_.Alex:Thankyou,Cindy.Lets5_theagendainorderthough.Youareall6_withthedetailsinthefeasibilitystudyofour7_projectwithAZLandscapeArchitecture,areweall8_withthepricetheyareofferingfortheland?,couple,study,budget,business,gothrough,familiar,development,happy,Listening,Task3,1.WhatdoesJanewanttotalkabout?A.Afeasibilityplan.B.Technicalissues.C.Budgetcontrol.2.WhatwillJanedointheafternoon?A.Shewillmeetaguest.B.ShewillmeetaMarketingDirector.C.Shewillarrangeameeting.3.WhydoesJanewanttobringMr.Li?A.Heisaclosefriend.B.Heisacommoncolleague.C.Hisjobiscloselyrelated.4.Wherewilltheymeet?A.Inacanteen.B.InaVIPconferenceroom.C.InaVIProominthecaf.,JaneistalkingwithSam.Listentotheconversationandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestion.,Listening,Task3Script,Mr.SmithandMs.Chenaretalkingaboutthesiteforaproject.Listentotheconversationandfillintheblankswithwordsgivenintheboxaccordingtowhatyouhear.,Listening,Task4,Listening,locatereviewsoonreplyregulationapproveareanaturesouthlayout,Mr.Smith:Couldyoupleaseexplainyourplanforthesitefortheproject,Ms.Chen?Ms.Chen:Accordingtoourconstructionplans,ourfirstcampwillbe1_atthejunctionofthetwoaccessroadsleadingtoTianjinPort.Mr.Smith:Whatsizewillthiscampbe?Ms.Chen:Itwillcovera(n)2_ofabout3,000squaremeters.ThispieceoflandbelongstotheBeijingMunicipalGovernment.Wellhavetogetit3_soon.,located,area,approved,Mr.Smith:Whendoyouthinkwecangetthepermission?Ms.Chen:Notsure.Wellreporttheresultsatourweekly4_meeting.Thoughweknowthelocalgovernmentisinfullsupportofthisproject,itwilltaketimeforustogothroughtheapplicationprocedure.Theareaisnearthe5_reservesothereareextraregulationstoconsider.Mr.Smith:Yes,inthatcase,wewillbestrictlyconfinedbythe6_.Anyway,letsgettheapplicationprocedurestarted.Ms.Chen:Ifwecangettheapproval,itwillfacilitatetransportationbecausetheriverisjusttothe7_ofthesite.,Listening,review,nature,regulations,south,locatereviewsoonreplyregulationapproveareanaturesouthlayout,Mr.Smith:Wouldyoucopyusinonallthesite8_,please,togetherwithyourletterofapplication?Ms.Chen:Sure.Whenwouldyoulikeit?Mr.Smith:The9_,thebetter!Ms.Chen:OK.Illdomybest.Youllhavea(n)10_withinaweek,whetherpositiveornegative.Mr.Smith:Thatswhatthecontractsays!Thankyou.,Listening,layouts,sooner,reply,locatereviewsoonreplyregulationapproveareanaturesouthlayout,Speaking,Task2,Task3,Task4,Task1,Speaking,Task1,Workbyyourself.Readthefollowingexpressionsforagreementanddisagreementandlearnthembyheart.,Speaking,Task2,Workinpairs.Practicemakingconversationswiththewordsprovidedaccordingtotheexamplebelow.,Example:Mr.Wang/Mr.Johns/bidforaconstructionprojectA:Hello,Mr.Wang.Verypleasedtomeetyouinperson.B:Verypleasedtomeetyou,too,Mr.Johns.A:Takeaseat,please.B:Letsgetdowntobusiness,Mr.Wang.Youaskedmeonthephonewhetherwewouldliketobidforaconstructionproject.Couldyouputitinmoredetail,please?A:Asyouknow,thisprojectisanofficebuildingwhichcanaccommodate500staff.B:Doyouhaveanyspecificrequirements?A:Yes.Thesedocumentscontainallthespecificrequirements.AndIwouldliketohearyourrecommendation,too.,1.Mr.Liu/AliceWillis/bargainthepriceforland,2.AdamJames/ChristFinn/discussaninitialdesign,Speaking,Task3,Workinpairs.Practicemakinganinterviewwithanarchitectwiththefollowinginformation.,Speaking,Speaking,Task4,Workingroups.Discusswithyourgroupmembersaboutwhichofthefollowingpointsshouldbeincludedinafeasibilityreportandtellwhy.,Initialdesign,scopeandmaterialsPreliminarycostestimateFundingandfinancingSiteselectionProjectbackgroundMarketanalysisSupplyofequipmentandmaterialsConclusion,ReadingB,Task1,Task2,Text,Task3,ReadingB,ProceduresforMakingaFeasibilityStudy,Therearenospecificrulesforcarryingoutfeasibilitystudiesforalltypesofprojects.However,moststudiesrequirethefollowing:Pre-feasibilityStudyThisisthefirststepwhichismainlytoidentifyandspecifytheinvestmentidea.Itmayinvolvelegal,marketing,technicalissuesaswellasthefinancial,economicandsocialimplicationsthatleadtotheapprovalorrefusaloftheidea.,ReadingB,DetailedFeasibilityStudyAsthenamesuggests,thisstepincludesmoredetailedstudiesoftheinvestmentideafromthevariousaspectsmentionedabove.,Thelegalstudy.Thisrequiresresearchintoalllegalaspectsoftheproposedproject.Itisnecessarytoensurethattheprojectcomplieswithallgovernmentregulationsandanywelfareorinstitutionalrequirements.Theremaybeexistingconstraintsondevelopment,applicationsmaybenecessaryforparticulartypesofdevelopmentandtherewillbemanyregulationsthatwillrequirecompliance.,ReadingB,ReadingB,Themarketingstudy.Thisincludesthefeasibilityoftheprojectfoundfromsupplyanddemandanalysisandanindicationoflikelymarketshareorpossiblecompetition.,ReadingB,Thetechnicalstudies.Theseincludetheengineeringandconstructionaspectsthatdefinetheprojectcapacity,type,design,constructionprocessandmethod,employmentissues,sitelocation,andplanningschedules.,ReadingB,Thefinancialandeconomicstudies.Thesecoveralltheinvestmentplanningandcosts.Theyincludethefixedcosts(land,building,equipment,etc.),financialschedules,resourcesandbudgetsaswellasprojectedrevenuesorbenefits.,ReadingB,Thesocialstudy.Anysocialcostsorbenefitsshouldbeidentifiedandmeasured.Thesemayincludetheimpactonexistinglanduse,employmentopportunities,endusebenefitsandpossibleproblems.,ReadingB,ProjectAppraisalHere,theexpectedeconomicandsocialrevenuesoftheprojectareevaluatedandanalyzed.Themostcommonassessmentsarelikelytoincludethepaybackperiod,netpresentvalue,andinternalrateofreturn.,Afeasibilitystudyisthebasisfordecision-makingandshouldbecarefullyimplementedstepbystep.Afteraprojectproves“feasible”,the“real”workwillstart.,ReadingB,可行性研究的步骤尽管对于所有的项目，如何进行可行性研究并没有具体统一的规则,多数都要经过以下这几个步骤：预研究这是调查研究的第一步，主要是明确投资意图。这一步可能涉及法律、营销、技术以及财务和经济或社会标准，综合这些可以确定是否投资。,详细研究顾名思义，这一步主要是从法律，营销和技术等角度对投资意图进行详细的研究。,ReadingB,ReadingB,法律问题研究。主要包括对项目中涉及法律的方方面面问题进行研究，必须确保项目符合政府的法律法规，以及福利和制度要求。对于土地开发可能存在一些限制，因此特殊的开发有必要进行申请，并且遵守很多相关条例。,营销研究。包括供应、需求和供需分析以及市场份额和可能存在的竞争。,ReadingB,技术研究。包括工程和施工方面，这将决定项目容量、类型、设计、工程施工工艺和方法、工地位置和进度安排。,ReadingB,财务和经济研究。覆盖所有的投资计划和成本，包括固定成本（如土地、建筑物、设备等）、财务计划表、资源和预算以及预期收入或获益。,ReadingB,社会研究。应当确定和衡量项目的所有社会成本和收益，包括对现有土地利用的影响、就业机会、最终用途收益和可能存在的问题。,ReadingB,项目评估在这一阶段，该项目的预期经济效益和社会效益被加以评估和分析。评估最常见的方法是分析其投资回收期、净现值和内部收益率。,ReadingB,可行性研究是做决定的依据，所以应该一步一步地认真执行。如果一个项目被证明是“可行的”，那么“真正的”工作就开始了。,ernalrateofreturn,ReadingB,Task1,MatchthefollowingtermswiththeirChinesemeanings.,市场份额投资投资回收期净现值需求批准拒绝内部收益率供应固定费用,Task2,ReadingB,Readthepassageagainanddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).,Allthefeasibilitystudyalwaysfollowthesamerulesandprocedures.2.Pre-feasibilitystudymainlyexaminestheinvestmentidea.3.Thefinancialstudyconcernstheanalysisofsupplyanddemand.4.Theeconomicrevenuesareevaluatedatthepre-feasibilitystudyphase.5.Feasibilitystudyisareferenceforthedecision-makers.,F,T,F,F,T,ReadingB,Task3,TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.,Theexpectedeconomicandsocialrevenuesoftheprojectareevaluatedandanalyzed.Themostcommonassessmentsarelikelytoincludethepaybackperiod,netpresentvalue,andinternalrateofreturn.,项目的预期经济效益和社会效益被加以评估和分析。评估最常见的方法是分析其投资回收期，净现值和内部收益率。,Writing,Task,Yourcompanydecidestoinviteallthespecialistslistedinthefollowingcharttomeetforaconstructionproject.Yourjobistowriteaninvitationletter.Somepartshavebeendoneforyou.,Task,Writing,DearSir/Madam,TheWerkhartInternationalismostpleasedto1_youtoparticipateinthe2_tobeheldonJanuary24,2009inTengdaBuilding.Themeetingaimstodiscussa(n)3_project.Governmentofficials,4_,architects,civilengineers,5_and6_willattendthemeeting.Ifyouhaveanyquestionsorconcerns,pleasecontactKathyJonesat(010)78236666.,Writing,invite,meeting,construction,urbanplanners,equipmentexperts,managementexperts,Invitation,Self-evaluation,VocabularyandStructure,Task1,Task2,Task3,Task4,VocabularyandStructure,Task1,Fillintheblankswithwordsorphrasesthatmatchthemeaningsintherightcolumn.Thefirstlettersarealreadygiven.,1.f_s_可行性研究2.b_s_s_房屋选址3.b_l_建筑用地4.f_c_固定成本5.s_andd_供求6.p_p_投资回收期7.n_p_v_净现值8.g_i_总收入,easibility,tudy,uilding,ite,election,uilding,and,ixed,ost,upply,emand,ayback,eriod,et,resent,alue,ross,ncome,VocabularyandStructure,Task2,Fillineachblankwiththeappropriateformofthewordgiveninthebrackets.,1.Thiscompany(utility)_thelatestcomputertechnologytoincreaseefficiencyinproduction.2.Wehopeverymuchtofinda(n)(satisfaction)_solutiontotheproblem.3.Ourcommitteewillevaluatetheproposalandmakea(n)(decide)_whetherornottoproceedwithinthenextfewdays.4.Theengineerwas(engage)_ininspectingthebridgewhentheaccidentoccurred.,utilized/utilizes,satisfactory,decision,engaged,5.A(n)(detail)_businessplanwillhelpyoutodetermineifthisventureisviablebeforeyouinvestanymoneyinit.6.Somenatural(resource)_,suchasnaturalgasandfossilfuel,cannotbereplaced.7.Incometaxwasfirst(introduce)_intheUSduringtheAmericanCivilWar.8.Asimilar(arrange)_wasthereforenecessarilymadebeforewehadameeting.,VocabularyandStructure,detailed,resources,introduced,arrangement,Task2,Fillineachblankwiththeappropriateformofthewordgiveninthebrackets.,VocabularyandStructure,Task3,Completethefollowingstatementswiththephrasesgiveninthebox