科学问题提炼和SCI文章撰写PPT课件

.,1,美丽而漫长的科研之路科学问题提炼和SCI文章撰写,.,2,WhatIstheScientificPaper,1哲学从认识和改造客观世界的过程中，通过足够的、可以重复的实验，揭示事物的本质，并用文字表达出来。,2通俗科技论文是科学工作者对创造性成果进行理论分析和科学总结，并进行发表或答辩的文字表达形式。,.,3,WhyWeDiscussScientificWriting,ResearcherstodayareallundergreatpressuretopublishMORE(Forfunding,careersuccess,etc)Weareobligedtopublishourresults,butletsconsiderWhydowehavetopublish?,.,4,WhyWeDiscussScientificWriting,Everythingmeasured,detected,invented,orarrivedattheoreticallyinthenameofsciencemust,assoonaspossible,bemadepubliccompletewithallthedetails.,任何含有科学的新成果都需要以文字的形式表达出来,Inthecomplexitiesofcontemporaryexistencethespecialistwhoistrainedbutuneducated,technicallyskilledbutculturallyincompetent,isamenace.DavidB.Truman,PreviousDeanofColumbiaCollege,不会说话、不会写文章，行之不远，存之不久。,.,5,WhyDoWePublish,WearedoingscientificresearchPublishingisoneofthenecessarystepsembeddedintoscientificresearchprocess.Topresentnew,originalresultsormethodsTorationalize(refine,reinterpret)publishedresultsToreviewthefieldortosummarizeaparticularsubject,.,6,WhyWeDiscussScientificWriting,Atleast,weshouldprovidesomethingthatadvances,notrepeated,knowledgeandunderstandinginacertainscientificfield.,.,7,Almostallpublicationcompaniesarenotsupposedtocreategarbage,ReportsofnoscientificinterestWorkoutofdataDuplicationsofprevious-publishedworkIncorrect/unacceptableconclusions,WhyWeDiscussScientificWriting,.,8,PapersfromChina,.,9,.,10,AlargenumberofpapersfromChineseauthorsarerejectedsimplybecausethepapersarenotwellwritten.Forinstance:thepaperispoorlywritten;therearemanyspellingandgrammaticalerrors.Ihavetoguesswhattheauthorsmean,andthereforeitisdifficulttojudgethecontributionofthepaper.,WeShouldPayAttentionto,.,11,Checktheoriginalityofyourideas(检查科研思想原创性)Writethemanuscript(怎样写作科技论文)MaincomplaintsofEditors(论文写作的常见问题)Reviewingprocessandsometimes,theyerredinafundamentalmannerinthestressdistributions.,WhatShouldwedo,.,24,Numerousexperimentshavebeenmade;Numerousmodelinghavebeenperformed;Maybe,youthinkitisnotnecessarytodoanything.,Modeling,Experiment,Maybe,youcan,model,DonthesitateYOUWILLEXPLOREASUCCESSFULWAY,OriginalityofyourideasCase4,.,25,Establishingananalyticalmodel,Maybe,youcanaccomplishahigh-qualitypublication.,Anewresult,.,26,NOTE:Addingyouoriginalideaintoyourmanuscriptataproperlocation.Youshouldpointoutthedifferenceofyourideafromtheideasofothers.,.,27,Contentisessential,butpresentationiscritical.,2.Howtowriteamanuscript,.,28,Planningamanuscript,Writeyourmanuscriptsothatittellsaclearstorywithapurpose论文目的清楚明确Youwantpeopletolearnaboutyourworkmakeiteasyforthem论文内容通俗易懂Usethespellcheckerandgrammarchecker使用拼写检查和语法检查来避免拼写和语法错误Makeiteasyforreviewersandeditors论文格式便于编辑和审稿人阅读评审Makeneatbreaksbetweenpagesandsections合理使用分页和分节,.,29,Generalconstruction,TitleAbstractKeywords,Makethemeasyforindexingandsearching!(Informative,Attractive,Effective),Maintext,IntroductionMethodResultsDiscussion,Journalspaceisprecious.Makeyouarticleasbriefaspossible.IfclaritycanbeachievedinNwords,neverN+1.,AcknowledgementReferencesSupplementarymaterials,Conclusions,.,30,Generalconstruction,Weoftenusethefollowingorderforwriting:Titleandmaintext.IntroductionandConclusionsAbstractandKeywords,.,31,Preparingthefigures,Selectingthejournal,Readingtheguideline,Writingthetitle,Writingthemain-text,Writingtheintroduction,Writingtheconclusions,Writingtheabstract,.,32,Note:Withwordsandpictures,2.1Preparingthefigures,.,33,Illustratedbythearrows,2.1Preparingthefigures,.,34,Note:,SymbolscleartoseePhotographwithaprofessionalquality(dpi)UsecolorONLYwhennecessary,2.1Preparingthefigures,.,35,.,36,Chooseonlyonerightjournalforyourwork.Youmustgethelpfromyoursupervisororcolleagues.Notethearticlesinyourreferenceswhichwilllikelyleadyoutotherightjournal.Readrecentlyrelatedpublications.Learningcarefullyfromtheguidelinesfromthejournal.,2.2Selectingthejournal,.,37,KnowyourmanuscriptisapplicabletowhatjournalKnowthelayoutofthemanuscriptKnowthedatabaseoftheKeywordsKnoweditorialboard,Youcan,Alleditorshatewastingtimeonpoorlypreparedmanuscripts.Theymaywellthinkthattheauthorshowsnorespect.,2.3Knowledgefromtheguideline,.,38,conciseandclear,propertiesandresidualstresseschangingon00Cr12alloybynanosecondslasershockprocessingathightemperatures,X.D.Ren,etal.MaterialsScienceandEngineering:A,Simplestraightforwardtitle,Two-parttitle,Residualstressesintheelastoplasticmultilayerthinfilmstructures：thecasesofSi/AlbilayerandSi/Al/SiO2trilayerstructures,X.C.Zhang,etal.J.Appl.Phys.,2.4Title,.,39,Short(简洁)Specific(明确)Eye-catching(醒目)Descriptivewords(描述性语言),2.4Title,.,40,Youopportunitytoattractthereadersattention.Editorshatetitlethatmakesnosenseorfailtorepresentthesubjectmatteradequately;Avoidtechnicaljargonandabbreviationsifpossible.Discusswithyourco-authors.,2.4Title,.,41,2.4Title,.,42,GenerallyWeoftenusethefollowingorderwhenwritingthemain-text,Methods,suchasExperimental,Finiteelementmode,Analyticalmodeling,etc.ResultsDiscussion,2.5Maintext,.,43,Enoughinformationmustbegivensothattheexperimentscouldbereproduced(给出足够信息，确保方法可重复)Avoidaddingcommentsanddiscussion（避免加入结果部分内容）Usuallywithsubheadings（适当采用小标题）Youcanusereferencesandsupportingmaterialstoindicatethepreviouslypublishedprocedures（如与先前成果相同，可引文献，省略部分内容）Reviewerswillcriticizeincompleteorincorrectdescriptions.（应该非常的具体）,2.5.1Methods,Youshould,.,44,Clarityandbrevity:displayofdatawithlogicaldevelopmentshowinghowyourfindingssatisfyyourobjectives(简明扼要，合理展示数据，并能证明研究结果与目的一致)Datashouldbemeaningful(wherepossiblegiveillustrativeexamplesandcomparethosewithknownresultsfromliterature)(数据要有意义，如必要可与文献中数据做对比)Useappropriatestatistics,erroranalysis,checkforaccuracyandinternalconsistency(合理运用统计，误差分析；检查数据的准确性和一致性)Payconsiderableattentiontobestwaytopresentdata(usetablesandfigures)(合理运用图表),2.5.2Results,.,45,Onlyrepresentativeresultsshouldbepresented.(只显示正确的结果)Usesub-headingstokeepresultsofthesametypetogethereasiertoreviewandread.(适当采用小标题,便于审稿和阅读),2.5.2Results,.,46,2.5.2Results,.,47,BackgroundforunderstandingthediscussionWhatyoudid,found,thoughtandwhatitmeansforthedisciplineCommentsComparisontopreviousresearchHowyourresultswereuniqueordifferentfrompreviousresearchLimitations,2.5.3Discussion,.,48,Berigorousaboutcomments（表述需严格客观）Suggestsvs.Proves;maybeinsteadofisUnspecificexpressionssuchashighertemperature;atalowerrateSummarizeevidencesupportingeachconclusion（总结结果，支持结论）Statementsthatgobeyondwhattheresultscansupport.SuddenintroductionofnewtermsorideasthatwerenotfoundintheResults.Discussproblems,uncertaintiesregardingyourwork（讨论该研究存在的问题及不确定性）Sometimesyoucannotclarifyyourideainwordsbecausesomecriticalitemshavenotbeenstudiedsubstantially.,2.5.3Discussion:PayAttentionto,.,49,Compareyourfindingswithotherstudies（对比其他人的研究结果）Maybe,thecommentsfromthereviewersindicatedthattheresultinFig.XshouldbecomparedtotheresultsobtainedbyRen.etal.Ref.x.Theoreticalorpracticalimplications,importance（理论或实际的应用及其重要性）,2.5.3Discussion:PayAttentionto,.,50,Note:Itisthemostimportantsectionofyourarticle.Ahugenumbersofmanuscriptsarerejectedbecausethediscussionisweak.,2.5.3Discussion,.,51,HelpfuldiscussionswithProfs.,BUTtheseProfs.shouldbeveryfamousintheresearchfields.TechnicalassistanceFinancialAssistance,2.5.3Acknowledgements,.,52,EngineeringapplicationandbackgroundResearchsituationWhatarethekeyproblemsnow(Unsolved)HowwetackledtheproblemsAssesstheeffectivenessofthepresentresearch,2.6Introduction,.,53,2.6Introduction,Background,Previouswork,Unsolved,Effectiveness,Tacklingproblem,Correspondingauthor:Tel.:+8651188797898;fax:+8651188780241.E-mailaddress:renxd(X.D.Ren).,.,54,2.6Introduction:Payattentionto,BEHONEST:Plagiarismandstealingworkfromcolleaguescanleadtoseriousconsequences.Neverusemorewordsthannecessary.Nevermakethissectionintoahistorylesson.Citingthemorerecentwork.BUTtheworkshouldbewidelycited.DonotmixIntroductionwithResults,Discussion,Conclusions.Expressionssuchasnovel,firsttime,firstever,paradigmchangingarenotpreferred.,.,55,References-Typically,therearemoremistakesinthereferencesthananyotherpartofthemanuscript.Itisoneofthemostannoyingproblems,andcausesgreatheadachesamongeditors,2.7References,.,56,Includethemainscientificpublicationsonwhichyourworkisbasedtypically20-50papers,includereviewarticles.MakesurethelistisuptodateChecktheformatCitingthehighlycitedpapers,suchasScience,Nature,etc.Avoidexcessivecitationsofpublicationsfromthesameregion.Avoidexcessiveself-citations.,Note:Therefereesmaybeexistinginyourrefs.,2.7References,.,57,2.8Conclusions,.,58,2.8Conclusions,Withoutaclearconclusionsection,reviewersandreaderswillfinddifficulttojudgethework,andwhetherornotitmeritspublicationinthejournal.DontREPAETTHEABSTRACT,orjustlisttheresults.Youcanpointoutthefurtherwork.UsingthesamestateinEnglish.,.,59,Note:ThesentencesinConclusionsmustnotbesametothoseinAbstract.,2.9Abstract,.,60,Note:ThesentencesinConclusionsmustnotbesametothoseinAbstract.,2.9Abstract,.,61,2.9Abstract,Telltheprospectivereaderswhatyoudidandwhatweretheimportantfindings.Thisistheadvertisementofyourarticle.Makeitinteresting,andeasytobeunderstoodwithoutreadingthewholearticle.Youmustbeaccurate!Usewordswhichreflecttheprecisemeaning.Aclearabstractwillstronglyinfluencewhetherornotyouworkisfurtherconsidered.Keepitasbriefaspossible.Usingthepast-timestateinEnglish.,.,62,Language,ifnumerousbadlywordedsentencesinthemanuscript,MUSTBEREJECTED.DoyoureadGuideforauthors?DoyousendtheCoverletter?,3.MaincomplaintsofEditors,.,63,Abstracts,titlesvague/unscientificKeywordsmissing,ornotaccordingtojournalspecificationsReferencelistslimited/outdatedLowqualityfiguresandmeaninglessCaptionsGrammaticalandspellingmistakes(two,yourpaper)WrongusageofwordsBadlyconstructedsentencesLongsentences,Ifitisthecase,intravenousadministrationshouldresultinthatemulsionhashigherintravenousadministrationretentionconcentration,butwhichisnotinaccordancewiththeresult,andthereforethemorerationalinterpretationshouldbethatSLNwithmeandiameterof46nmisgreatlydifferentfromemulsionwithmeandiameterof65nminenteringtumor,namely,itisprobablydifficultforemulsiontoenterandexitfromtumorbloodvesselasfreelyasSLN,whichmaybecausedbythefactthatthetumorbloodvesselapertureissmaller.90,3.1Englishwriting,.,64,NOTEMAYBE,learningformodelingbeforesubmittingyourmanuscript.,3.1Englishwriting,.,65,Lengthofthemanuscript:25-30pagesistheideallengthforasubmittedmanuscript.,3.2Specialtechnicalaspects,.,66,MakeuseofsupportingmaterialSupportingmaterialwillbeavailableonlinetoreadersifthepaperiseventuallypublished.Ithelpstokeepthemainmanuscriptclearandconcise.youcanputasmanymaterialasyouwishinthissection.However,alltheinformationshouldberelatedandsupportivetoyourarticle.,3.2Specialtechnicalaspects,.,67,TextlayoutKeepconsistentthroughoutthemanuscript.Doublelinespacingand12fontispreferred:Maleisconvenientforreviewers.,3.2Specialtechnicalaspects,.,68,AbbreviationsAbbreviationsshouldbedefinedonthefirstuseinBOTHabstractandthemaintext.Somejournalsevenforbidtheusageofabbreviationsintheabstract.RefertotheGuideforAuthorstoseetherequirementsforabbreviations.Lookatthefollowing2piecesofinformationfromtwojournalsinmaterialsscience.Abbreviationsforinstruments(e.g.,SEM)shouldnotbeusedformethodology(e.g.,scanningelectronmicroscopy)-MaterialsCharacterizationThereisnoneedtodefinethecommonlyusedabbreviationssuchasSEM,TEM,etc.-Carbon,3.2Specialtechnicalaspects,.,69,OthersOverusingconconjunctivewordsorphrasessuchas“However”,“inaddition”,“Moreover”.Keeptheusageofthesewordstoaminimum!Dontuserepeatingwordssuchas“Schematicdiagram”,“Researchwork”,etc!Spokenabbreviations:“its”,werent,hasnt:Neverusingtheminthescientificwriting!Dontuse“I”,“We”inyourpaper!Dontchangetheauthorlistafterthereview!UsingEnglishthroughoutthemanuscript!,3.2Specialtechnicalaspects,.,70,3.2Specialtechnicalaspects,.,71,coverletter,DearEditor,Iwishtosubmitthemanuscript,Rollingcontactfatiguemechanismofplasma-sprayedcoatingspartiallyremeltedwithlaser,forconsiderationandpublicationinthejournalofActaMater.Thefinalmanuscripthasbeenseenandapprovedbyallauthorsandauthorshavetakencareduetoensuretheintegrityofthework.Ourmanuscripthasnotbeenpublishedelsewhereandisbeenconsideredsolelybyyourjournal.Inthepastdecade,thelasertreatmenthasbeenusedinthesurfaceengineeringtoimprovetheperformanceofthecomponents.However,thelasertreatmentwasmostlyusedforsurfacemodificationofthecomponentsinrollingcontact,suchasgearsandrollingbearings.Uptopresent,theresearchesonrollingcontactfatigueofthethermalspraycoatingsremeltedbylaserwerenotfoundintheexistingpublications.Inourpaper,therollingcontactfatiguebehaviorofthelaser-remeltedcoatingshasbeeninvestigated.Fromthecross-sectionalobservationsofthefailedspecimens,themechanismleadingtothefatiguefailureofthecoatingswasfound.Thisresearchmayprovidesomescientificinsightsforthedevelopmentoflasertreatmenttechnique.withbestregards,YourssincerelyRenxudongDoctor,Articletype,Significanceofyourresearch,4.Reviewingprocess,.,72,Note:Selectingthreereviewersfromthereference,4.Reviewingprocess,.,73,RevisionafterreviewAccompanytheresubmissionaletterofrespondstothereviewerscomments.AddressthecommentsforeachreviewerandtheEditorpointbypoint.Cutandpas