跟郭老师学初中英语语法：简单句和并列句

跟郭老师学初中英语语法：简单句和并列句纵观近几年河北中考，对简单句的考查主要体现在陈述句、感叹句、疑问句和祈使句上，对并列句的考查主要体现在并列连词上。从命题内容来看，主要包括感叹句引导词what和how的辨析、疑问词how long，how soon和how often的辨析、反意疑问句、祈使句的肯定式和否定式、并列连词的辨析等。从命题形式来看，有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用，分值一般为12分。预计2016年，对简单句的考查仍以感叹句为主，对并列句的考查以并列连词为主。20112015年河北中考试题分析表(简单句和并列句)年份题号题型分值201139单项选择1201229，32单项选择2201332，40单项选择2201432单项选择1201585连词成句1简单句是只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)的句子。根据句子的功能可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。陈述句用来陈述一件事或表达一种看法，有肯定和否定两种形式，句末通常用句号。疑问句是用以提问的句子，句末用问号。疑问句又分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。祈使句是用以表示命令、请求或建议的句子，通常省略主语。感叹句是用以表达快乐、痛苦等强烈感情的句子，感叹句有用what或how开头的两种形式。并列句是指由两个或两个以上的并列分句构成的句子。并列句的分句间没有修饰和被修饰的关系，也没有限定或被限定的关系，其间的关联是靠并列连词实现的。1. 简单句构成类型例句由一个主语(含并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成1. SViAn accident happened yesterday.2. SVPYour idea sounds good.3. SVtOWe want to see him.4. SVtOOMy father made me a kite.5. SVtOCHe made us stand here.2. 陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句分类用途例句陈述句肯定肯定的陈述，表示“是如此”They usually go to school by bike.I get up at six oclock in the morning.否定否定的陈述，表示“不是如此”They wont go to the park tomorrow.I cant speak Chinese.疑问句一般疑问句询问一件事或情况是否属实Is this your schoolbag?Have you been to Shanghai?特殊疑问句针对句子某一具体成分提问What does your father do?Where is Mike from？选择疑问句提供两种或两种以上的情况供对方选择Is your friend a boy or a girl?He is a boy.反意疑问句由“陈述句简短问句”组成，问话者欲对陈述句部分的内容做进一步证实There is a book on the desk, isnt there?Yes, there is. / No, there isnt.祈使句表示命令、请求、建议、劝告等Come in, please.Lets go to school.感叹句表示惊讶、喜悦、愤怒等感情，常用what或how引导What beautiful flowers!How clever the girl is！1. 否定的一般疑问句通常以be动词、情态动词或助动词与not的缩略形式开头，往往表示惊讶、赞叹、怀疑等语气。作简略回答时也要用yes或no，但其汉语翻译与其原意正好相反。如：Dont you hear of that? 你没有听说过吗？Yes, I do. 不，我听说过。No, I dont. 是的，我没有听说过。2. 特殊的反意疑问句(1) 当陈述部分含有否定意义的词如hardly，few，little，no，nobody，no one，nothing等时，附加疑问部分须用肯定形式。但若陈述部分含有带否定前缀如im-，un-，in-，dis-等的派生词时，仍作为肯定结构，附加疑问部分用否定式。(2) I am反意疑问句的附加疑问部分应为arent I。(3) 如果陈述部分是肯定或否定的祈使句，疑问部分须用will you。(4) 当陈述部分是lets do sth.时，疑问部分须用shall we来反问；而当陈述部分是let sb. do sth.时，疑问部分仍然用will you来反问。(5) 当陈述部分主语是不定代词nobody，somebody，no one等时，疑问部分须用复数代词they，也可以用he；当陈述部分主语是不定代词nothing，something时，疑问部分须用代词it。(6) 若陈述部分为there be句型，附加疑问部分仍用there。(7) 陈述部分含有must，表示“必须”时，附加疑问部分用mustnt。若陈述部分含must，表示推测意义“必定”时，则附加疑问部分应根据陈述部分不定式结构用相应的系动词或助动词。(8) 主从复合句的反意疑问句附加疑问部分的助动词与人称应与主句的谓语动词和人称保持一致。若宾语从句的主句为“I think / believe”等表示说话人的看法，反意疑问句的疑问部分应与宾语从句一致。(9)陈述部分含情态动词ought to时，附加疑问部分有两种形式：“oughtnt主语人称代词”或“shouldnt主语人称代词”。3. 不能出现在一个句子里的连词(1) because (因为)，so(所以)不能出现在一个句子里，只能用其一。(2) (al)though(虽然)，but(但是)不能出现在一个句子里，只能用其一。但though可以与still或yet连用。如：Though he was tired，he still worked hard.虽然他很累，但他仍然努力工作。 陈述句和疑问句1. (2015唐山路北区一模) Excuse me，sir. _ is it from here to No. 12 Middle School?Its about 10 minutes walk.A. How soon B. How far C. How much D. How often2. (2015路北区二模) _ has the number of cars in our city risen in the last few years?About over 30 percent.A. How soon B. How long C. How much D. How many3. (2015石家庄藁城区模拟) _ will your father come back from Beijing?In two days.A. How often B. How long C. How far D. How soon4. (2015河北中考仿真四) _ have you been away from your hometown?Since 10 years ago.A. How soon B. How long C. How often D. How far5. (2015河北模拟密卷一) _ sleep do you think is necessary for a teenager?I think eight hours at least.A. How often B. How long C. How many D. How much6. (2015河北模拟三) Hes given an important report on the work of the government, _?A. isnt he B. is he C. hasnt he D. has he7. (2015河北预测卷一) Steve, _ do you go to the library?Three times a week.A. How long B. How soon C. How often D. How far8. (2015河北43中模拟) _? He is not very heavy and wears glasses.A. What does Ron look like B. What is RonC. What do you think of Ron D. How is Ron 祈使句9. (2015河北中考仿真四) Remember to say “Hello” to your parents for me! _.A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can10. (2015河北升学文化模拟五) _ the road and youll see the hospital.A. Crossing B. Walk cross C. Across D. Walk across11. (2014秦皇岛二模) _ late for school next time. No, I wont.A. Not be B. Wont be C. Dont be D. Be not12. (2014衡水一模) _ go swimming in the river all by yourself.A. Dont B. Not C. Not to D. Mustnt 感叹句13. (2015唐山路北区一模) _ good time they had when they travelled in Tangshan!A. How B. How a C. What D. What a14. (2015唐山路北区二模)_ fine weather!_ stay at home. Lets go for a picnic，shall we?A. How; Not B. What; Wont C. What; Dont D. What a; Not15. (2015河北模拟夺冠型)_interesting film it is!Yes. I have seen it twice.A. How B. How an C. What D. What an16. (2015石家庄新华区质量检测) _ fast time flies！Well leave our school in less than three months.A. What B. How C. What an D. How much17. (2015河北模拟经典二)_ bad weather it is today!And the weather reports says it will last several days!A. How B. How a C. What D. What a18. (2015河北模拟密卷一) _ amazing news report the woman is giving us!A. What B. What an C. How D. How a19. (2015邯郸武安七中模拟) _ nice flowers! Where did you buy them?A. How B. What C. What a D. What an20. (2015石家庄栾城区模拟) _ amazing movie Rio 2 is! Many people like to watch it.A. What B. How an C. What an D. How21. (2015河北预测卷一) I visited Shanhaiguan with my parents last year. _ great it is!A. How B. What C. How a D. What a22. (2015河北预测卷二) _ lovely dog it is! How long have you kept it?A. What B. What a C. How D. How a3. 并列句构成意义常用连词简单句并列连词简单句表示引申和并列and，not onlybut also，as well as，neithernor表示选择or，eitheror表示转折but，while，only表示缘由for，soand和or用于否定句中：(1) 当列举成分是主语，又在否定词前时，用and连接，而当列举成分在否定词之后时，用or构成完全否定。如：I cant sing or dance.我既不会唱歌，也不会跳舞。Lucy and Lily cant speak Chinese.露西和莉莉不会说汉语。(2) 在否定句中，如果所连接的两部分都有否定词，那么用and不用or连接。如：There is no water and no air on the moon.月球上既没有水，也没有空气。23. (2015河北模拟拔高型) Nearly every child hates tests, _ its necessary. It helps tocheck if you have learned the specific knowledge.A. and B. but C. so D. because24. (2015石家庄43中模拟) Be careful, _ you will make few mistakes.A. so B. and C. or D. but25. (2015河北模拟一) Get up early, _ youll miss the bus.A. so B. and C. but D. or26. (2015河北预测卷八) Money is important, _ its not the only thing in our life.A. and B. but C. or D. so27. (2015河北模拟拔高型) Peter, work hard _ you will make much progress.A. or B. nor C. and D. but28. (2015河北预测卷五) Jerry, dont drive so fast, _ well be in danger.A. and B. or C. so D. but1. _ you wait a few more minutes? Itll be your turn soon.A. Must B. Should C. Could D. Might2. _ Tshirt do you like better, the red one or the blue one?I prefer the red one.A. How much B. How manyC. Whose D. Which3. _ do you clean your room?Every day.A. How long B. How manyC. How often D. How soon4. Lily, _ do you study for a math test?By asking my teacher for help.A. how B. who C. why D. what5. Mr. Smith. _ is the new bridge?Oh, let me see! Its about 800 meters.A. How old B. How long C. How much D. How often6. _ Tshirt is this?I think its Toms.A. Whose B. Which C. What D. Who7. Remember to turn off the lights when you leave the room._.A. No, I wont B. I know that C. It doesnt matter D. OK.I will8. Yoga helps people to keep healthy and relaxed, _?A. does it B. is itC. doesnt it D. isnt it9. _ exercising, and youll be healthier.A. Keep B. To keepC. Keeping D. Kept10. _ smoke here，Dad. Smoking has been banned (禁止) in public places.A. Dont be B. DontC. Not to be D. Be not11. _ me back my money, _ Ill ring the police.A. Giving; or B. Give; andC. To give; and D. Give; or12. Listen！Someone is playing the piano.Wow! _ beautiful music！I like it very much.A. What B. How aC. What a D. How13. _ nice day it is! Lets go and fly a kite.A. What B. What aC. How D. How a14. _ interesting it is to go sailing in Qingdao in summer!A. What B. What anC. How D. How an15. _today!Yes. Shall we have a picnic in the open air?A. What fine weather isB. Ho