M1U3非限制性定语从句

Lookinggood,feelinggood,Unit3,Grammarandusage,Grammarandusage,Non-restrictiveattributiveclauses,限制性定语从句与先行词之间不用逗号隔开；非限制性定语从句与先行词之间一般用逗号隔开。,Mycousinwhosefatherisateacherwantstobeanactor.Mycousin,whosefatherisateacher,wantstobeanactor.,A.HeisamanwhoIcanaskforhelp.B.Hisfather,whoworksinBeijing,camebackyesterday.,限制性定语从句和先行词关系密切，如果去掉从句，剩余部分意义不完整；非限制性定语从句只是先行词的附加说明，如果去掉从句，意义仍然完整。,1.Ihaveasisterwhoworksinahospital.,我有一位在医院工作的姐姐。,2.Ihaveasister,whoworksinahospital.,我有一位姐姐，她在医院工作。,有时同一个限制性从句变为非限制性从句会改变全句的意思。,（不只一位姐姐）,（只有一位姐姐）,Hetalkedtothegirlwhowascrying.Hechangedhismind,whichmademeveryangry.限制性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词；而非限制性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子。,非限制性定语从句中关系词的指代关系,主语,主语宾语,定语,宾语,指代整个主句,宾语,关系副词(where,when)的指代关系,时间状语,地点状语,that,why不能在非限制性定语从句中使用。,tip,介词+which,3.Allthemagazinesherewhichhavebeautifulpictureswerewrittenbyhim.,里面有漂亮图画的那些杂志是他写的。,4.Allthemagazineshere,whichhavebeautifulpictures,werewrittenbyhim.,所有的杂志都是他写的，里面都有漂亮的图画。,（杂志有带图画和不带图画两类）,（杂志只有一种）,all/some/of+whom/which引导非限制性定语从句,Examples:,Hehastoldusmanystories,allof_areaboutthefamousLongMarch.2.ThestudentsofClass1,someof_camefromJapan,wentcampingyesterday.,which,whom,Conclusion,在非限制性定语从句中,一些表达数量数词或代词如all/some/one/both/neither/none/any/either/any等可与of构成介词词组修饰限制先行词,此时先行词在其后的定语从句中作介词的宾语,关系代词不可用that。如先行词指人则用whom，如先行词指物则用which引导从句。,1.Iamdoingdifferenttypesofexercises,allof_arequitehelpfultomyhealth.2.Manypeople,someof_arenotoverweight,aregoingondiets.3.Thereare54studentsinmyclass,threeof_comefromUS.,Otherexamples,which,whom,whom,1.Thefamousbasketballstar,_isanAmerican,cametoChinayesterday.2.Inthosedays,sheusedtogotoMrblack,with_shehadawonderfultime.3.Iboughtacaryesterday,_costmealot.,which,whom,who,Fillintheblankswithproperrelativewords.,4.Xian,_Ivisitedlastyear,isaniceoldcity.5.HewillcometoseemenextJuly,_hewontbesobusy.6.Theschool,_Ioncestudied,wasbuiltthirtyyearsago.7._weallknow,heisgoodatEnglish.,which,where,when,As,Conclusion,1.as和which在引导非限制性定语从句时,as和which可代替整个主句，相当于andthis或andthat。这两个关系代词都可指代主句所表达的整个意思,且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。,2.as和which引导非限制性定语从句的不同之处在于：(1)as引导的定语从句可置于句首,而which引导的定语从句不可放在句首。(2)as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时,从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若从句中的谓语为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which。另外,as引导非限制性从句,常带有“正如”的意思。,Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,_cameasasurprise.2._isexpected,theEnglandteamwonthefootballmatch.3.Itrainedhardyesterday,_preventedmefromgoingtothepark.4._wecansee,thesmokecamefromthelittledustbin.,As,which,Practice,which,As,1.(2011江西34)Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstruction_hadtakenmorethanthreeyears.A.forwhichB.withwhichC.ofwhichD.towhich,C,高考真题,1.Thisisoneofthemostinterestingfilms_shownlastweek.Thisistheonlyoneofthemostinterestingfilms_shownlastweek.A.whichwasB.thatwasC.whichwereD.thatwere,B,D,Practice,【2012陕西卷】Itisthethirdtimethatshehaswontherace,_hassurprisedusall.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.what【答案与解析】C考查定语从句。所填词前有逗号，是非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句，关系词在从句中做主语，选C。其余选项与题干不符。,2.Hehastwosons,_arecollegestudents.Hehastwosons,and_arecollegestudents.A.bothofwhichB.bothofwhomC.bothofthemD.bothofit,C,B,3.Hestilllivesintheroom_windowfacestotheeast.Hestilllivesintheroom,thewindow_facestotheeast.Hestilllivesintheroom_isinthenorthofthecity.Hestilllivesintheroom_thereisabeautifultable.A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.ofwhich,C,A,D,B,4._weallknow,Chinaisrichinnaturalresources._iswell-knownthatChinaisrichinnaturalresources._iswell-known,Chinaisrichinnaturalresources.A.WhichB.AsC.ItD.That,B,C,B,Grammarandusage,Questiontags,反义疑问句也叫附加疑问句，由陈述句加简短附加问句构成，用以要求对方证实所述之事。,1.陈述部分肯定式+疑问部分否定式,Theyworkhere,dontthey?,Shewasillyesterday,wasntshe?,2.陈述部分否定式+疑问部分肯定式,Youdidntgo,didyou?,Hecantrideabike,canhe?,请注意以下句型的反义疑问句的用法：,1)陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用arentI.,Imastallasyoursister,arentI?,Iamastudent,arentI？,2)陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may+主语,Iwishtohaveawordwithyou,mayI?,3)陈述部分用no,nothing,nobody,never,few,seldom,hardly,rarely,little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。,TheSwedemadenoanswer,didhe/she?Someplantsneverblown,dothey?,Therearefewapplesinthebasket,arethere?,Hecanhardlyswim,canhe?,Theyseldomcomelate,dothey?,SherarelyspeakstoyouinEnglish,doesshe?,4)含有oughtto的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldnt/oughtnt+主语。,Heoughttoknowwhattodo,oughtnthe?/shouldnthe?,5)陈述部分有haveto+v.(hadto+v.)，疑问部分常用dont+主语（didnt+主语）。,Wehavetogetthereateighttomorrow,dontwe?,Theyhadtocrossthebusystreet,didntthey?,6)陈述部分的谓语是usedto时，疑问部分用didnt+主语或usednt+主语。,Heusedtotakepicturesthere,didnthe?,Sheusedtostayuplate,usedntshe?,7)陈述部分有hadbetter+v.,疑问句部分用hadntyou?,Youdbetterreaditbyyourself,hadntyou?,Youdbettergetupearly,hadntyou?,8)陈述部分有wouldrather+v.,疑问部分多用wouldnt+主语。,Hewouldratherreadittentimesthanreciteit,wouldnthe?,9)陈述部分有Youdliketo+v.,疑问部分用wouldnt+主语。,Youdliketogowithme,wouldntyou?,10)must在表示推测时，根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。,Hemustbeadoctor,isnthe?YoumusthavestudiedEnglishforthreeyears,haventyou?Hemusthavefinishedityesterday,didnthe?,11)感叹句中，疑问部分用be+主语。,Whatcolors,arentthey?Whatasmell,isntit?,12)陈述部分由neithernor,eitheror连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。,NeitheryounorIamengineer,arewe?,Eitheryouorheisright,_？,isnthe,13)陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything,that,thisnothing,疑问部分主语用it。,Everythingisready,isntit?,14)省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用willyou。,Dontdothatagain,willyou?Gowithme,willyou/wontyou?,注意:,Lets开头的祈使句，后用shallwe?Letus开头的祈使句，后用willyou?,Letsgoandlistentothemusic,shallwe?Letuswaitforyouinthereading-room,willyou?,反义疑问句的回答用yes，no但是，当陈述部分是否定形式时，回答要按事实。,Theydontworkhard,dothey?Yes,theydo.(不，他们工作努力。)No,theydont.(对，他们工作不努力。),1.Itoldthemnoteverybodycouldrunasfastasyoudid,_?(2011重庆)A.couldheB.didntIC.didntyouD.couldthey2.Itdoesntmatteriftheywanttocometoyourparty,_?(2011上海)A.doesntitB.doesitC.donttheyD.dothey,B,B,高考真题,3.SallysneverseenaplayintheShanghaiGrandTheatre,_?(2009上海)A.hasntsheB.hassheC.isntsheD.isshe4.YouandIcouldhardlyworktogether,_?(2009湖南)A.couldyouB.couldntIC.couldntweD.couldwe,