高中英语语法填空讲解与练习

语法填空,1、阅读、理解语篇的能力;2、分析句子结构的能力;3、熟练运用语法,短语的能力。,考查目标,语法填空题两类“空”：,纯空格（6-7个）,给词空(3-4个）,1.谓语（时态语态数）2.非谓语（todo-doingdone)3.词类转换(名形副）,冠、代、介、连、及一些副词,考查方式,解题关键：1把握大意；2找关键词；,找出句中主语、谓语、连词,主语、谓语、连词,横线前后词,既要符合语意，又要合乎语法！忽略文意，直奔题目！,切忌：,原则：,给词空考点讲解：,1.谓语（时态语态数）2.非谓语（todo-doingdone)3.词类转换(名形副）,Theexam,whichwasoriginallytobeheldinourclassroom,_(change)tothelibraryatthelastminute.Theydidnttakemanychancesintheirlives.Theyusually_(follow)orders.Ihadtoleaveworktotakehimtothehospitalbecausehe_(break)hisfinger.,waschanged,followed,hadbroken,应试策略,考点一、谓语动词,括号内给出动词的原形，做题时首先找出句子的主干，确定主句，如果缺谓语，就要根据上下文语境和意思确定动词的数、时态和语态。,如果空格前是助动词（will,shall等）、情态动词（can,may,must等）或是动词加to的形式，则空格一定是。,如果空格前是have的各种形式，则想到构成。,如果空格前是be的各种形式，则想到用。,动词原形,完成时,进行时态或被动语态,应试策略,谓语时态和语态的主要考点1、考查在语境中判断动词的时态。常考的时态为：现在:一般现在、一般将来、现在进行、现在完成。过去:一般过去、过去进行、过去将来、过去完成。2、时间、条件、等状语从句中动词的时态(主将从现)(if/unless/assoonas/after/before/when等);3、时态标志；4、时态一致性原则；5、上下文语境；,Somepeoplesaythatoldestchildren,whoaresmartandstrong-willed,areverylikely_(succeed).Iwasafraidof_(catch)bythepolice,becausetherewasnocopanywherearound.Withtheproblem_(solve),Ifeltproudofmyachievement.,tosucceed,beingcaught,应试策略,考点二、非谓语动词,solved,非谓语动词，包括V-ing形式、V-ed形式和动词不定式。做题时确定所给出的词与其所修饰的词或其逻辑主语的关系。,如果与中心词是主动关系，；,如果与中心词是被动关系，；,如果表示将来，,一般用V-ing形式,一般用V-ed形式,应试策略,一般用动词不定式。,useless,differently,appearance,personal,应试策略,考点三、词性转换,Mostofthepeopleinthetownshowedpityonhim,butitwas_(use).Butarecentstudysawthingsquite_(different).Theorderinwhichtheyfinishedwoulddecidetheorderoftheir_(appear)intheChinesecalendar.,soImverycarefulnottogiveoutmy_(person)information.,括号内给出单词的其他形式，通过分析句子结构，判断句子缺少什么成分（修饰什么词），再用正确的单词形式补充完整，该空同时考查同学们的单词拼写能力。,应试策略,cheaper,worst,应试策略,考点四、形容词或副词,worse,Oneofthe_(bad)giftchoicesIevermadewasformyhighschoolEnglishteacher,MsChen.Forafamilyoffour,forexample,itismoreconvenientaswellas_(cheap)tositcomfortablyathome,Manyotheractorsare_(badly)offthanmeatpresent,括号内给出形容词或副词，要根据上下文语境确定用原级、比较级还是最高级形式。,应试策略,形容词修饰名词/代词副词修饰动词/形容词/副词/句子Itis/was+形容词（+for/ofsb)+todo,纯空格类考点讲解：,1.冠词2.代词3.介词4.连词或副词5.引导词,Anonlychildwillsucceedfor_samereason.Youcannowmake_educateddecisionaboutwhatcareertopursue.Theauthorofthestudysuggestedthatencouragingmorebooksreadingmightbe_usefulwaytopreventchildhoodaccidents.,the,应试策略,an,a,考点五、冠词,如果空格后是单数可数名词，就应该考虑空格处是否需要填不定冠词(a,an)。如果空格后是序数词、最高级或提及上文提到过的人或物等时，就应该考虑空格处是否需要填定冠词(the)。,应试策略,Firstly,wemustunderstandthelanguagewhenwehear_spoken.2.Thelittleboypulled_righthandoutofthepocketandstudiedanumberofcoinsinit.3.Ipatientlywalkedtothelibrary,tookmyseatanddidsomedeepbreathingtohelprelax_.,it,myself,his,应试策略,考点六、代词,首先找出代词所指代的名词，根据其在句中所充当的成分确定用哪个代词。如果空格后是名词，就应该考虑空格处是否用物主代词(my,your,his等)、指示代词(this,that等)、不定代词(few,little,many,much,all,each,every,both,neither,other等)、名词所有格或形容词等进行修饰。如果空格前是动词,就应考虑用人称代词和反身代词。,应试策略,Televisionisnowplayingaveryimportantrole_ourlife.morethanninethousandyoungAmericans,dissatisfiedwiththeirtrainingathome,wenttoGermany_advancedstudy.ItwasinthisveryroomthatIgavebirth_Lindaseventeenyearsago.,for,to,in,应试策略,考点七、介词,介词可位于名词之前。如atnight,onSunday等；,也可位于形容词之后，如beinterestedin,begoodat等；,还可位于不及物动词之后，如listento,arriveat,lookfor等。,应试策略,掌握一些常用介词的用法、含义和固定搭配；,Ifafamilyhasmanychildren,themiddleonesometimesgetslostinthecrowd.Theyoungestchild,_,oftengetsspecialtreatment.Astheoxcameashore,theratjumpedoffandfinishedtheracefirst._theratgotthefirstyearnamedafterhimandtheoxgotthesecondyear.Iaskedmyclassmatesaboutherinterest_thenImademyfinaldecision.,however,and,So/Thus,考点八、连词或副词,应试策略,空格前后两个句子都含有主谓结构时，则要根据上下文的逻辑关系，选择适当的副词或连词。,表示递进：,so,for,therefore,thus等；,further,furthermore,moreover,inaddition等；,but,nevertheless,however,yet,while,although,though,等。,表示转折：,表示因果：,表示并列：,and,or等；,应试策略,that,who,that,考点九、引导词,应试策略,Oneday,hecameupwithanidea_hewouldpluckupallofhiscropafewinches.Somepeoplesaythatoldestchildren,_aresmartandstrong-willed,areverylikelytosucceed.SocarelesswasI_Ihadforgottenallaboutthat.,空格前后都是一个句子,做题时应该从句子的意义去判断是属于什么类型的复合句（定语从句、名词性从句或者状语从句），再确定填什么引导词。,应试策略,如何判断从句类型？,空格前是名词空格前是及物动词空格前是系动词空格在句首,定语从句,同位语语从句,主语从句,状语从句,所填词在后面