荷马史诗伊利亚德奥德赛Iliad and Odyssey.ppt

1,Iliadusuallysomecombinationofphysicalprowess&persuasivespeechorcommand.TimHonor,materialsymbolofstatusamongothers,usuallycapableofbeingtakenaway(prize,booty,trophies).KleosGloryorFame,understoodaspublicopinion,orwhatotherssayorremember.,7,PersonsintheIliad,AcheansAchilles&PatroclesAgamemnon&MenalaosOdysseus,Ajax,Phoenix,TrojansHector&AlexandrosPriam,Helen,AndromacheGodsZeus,Apollo,AphroditeAthena,Hera,Thetis,8,Iliad(BookI),WrathofAchilles,PartIInmediasres:TrojanWar&PlagueofApolloMenis:QuarrelwithAgamemnonConsequencesThetisSupplicationofZeusGlimpseofOlympusIsAchillesangerhisownfault?,9,ThetissupplicanttoZeus,10,Iliad(BookVI),BehindtheWallsofTroyHectorasTragicHeroWomenandFamilyLifeFateTroy&HectorTrojanWomenIsHectorasympathetichero?Whyorwhynot?,11,Iliad(BookIX),EmbassytoAchillesDiscourseamongequals?OdysseuspleaPhoenixspleaAjaxspartingwordsIsAchillesbeingunreasonable?Whyorwhynot?,12,DeathandHeroism,Theprospectofdeathdrivestheheroestopursuetim(honor).Theheroisdefinedbyhis(her)actioninthefaceofmortality,especiallyincombatorcontests.Andresultingkleos(glory)istheherosonlyimmortality.,13,SarpedondeclarestoGlaukos(BookXII.322-28),“Man,supposingyouandI,escapingthisbattle,wouldbeabletoliveonforever,ageless,immortal,soneitherwouldImyselfgoonfightingintheforemostnorwouldIurgeyouintothefightingwheremenwinglory.Butnow,seeingthatthespiritsofdeathstandcloseaboutusintheirthousands,nomancanturnasidenorescapethem,letusgoonandwingloryforourselves,oryieldittoothers.”,14,Iliad(BookXXI),WrathofAchilles,PartIIDeathofPatroclesandAchillesArmorDeathofLycaon:aruthlessdeathDeathofHector:revengeIsAchillesangerinhuman?,15,HectorattheGatesofTroy,Achilleswascomingcloser,likeEnyalius,thewarriorgodofbattlewiththeshininghelmet.OnhisrightshoulderhewavedhisdreadfulspearmadeofPelianash.Thebronzearoundhimglitteredlikeablazingfireorrisingsun.Atthatmoment,ashewatched,Hectorbegantoshakeinfear.Hiscouragegone,hecouldnolongerstandthere.Terrified,hestartedrunning,leavingthegate.Peleussonwentafterhim,sureofhisspeedonfoot.Justasamountainfalcon,thefastestcreatureofalltheoneswhichfly,swoopsdowneasilyonatremblingpigeonasitdartsoffinfear,thehawkspeedingafteritwithpiercingcries,heartdrivingittoseizethepreyinjustthatwayAchillesinhisfuryracedahead,16,HectorfacesAchilles,Whentheydapproachedeachother,atclosequarters,greatHectoroftheshininghelmetspokeoutfirst:Illnolongertrytorunawayfromyou,sonofPeleus,asIdidbefore,goingthreetimesinflightaroundPriamsgreatcity.Ilackedthecouragethentofightwithyou,asyouattacked.Butmyheartpromptsmenowtostandagainstyoufacetofaceoncemore,whetherIkillyou,oryoukillme.Socomehere.Letscallongodstowitness,fortheyrethebestonestoobserveourpact,tosupervisewhatwetwoagreeon.IfZeusgrantsmethestrengthtotakeyourlife,Illnotabuseyourcorpseinanyway.Illstripyourcelebratedarmouroff,Achilles,thengivethebodybackagaintotheAchaeans.Andyoulldothesame.,Swift-footedAchilles,withascowl,replied:Hector,donttalktomeofouragreements.Thatsidiotic,likeafaithfulpromisebetweenmenandlions.Wolvesandlambsdontshareacommonhearttheyalwayssenseamutualhatredforeachother.Injustthatway,itsnotpossibleforus,foryouandme,tobefriends,or,indeed,fortheretobeswornoathsbetweenus,tilloneorotherofusfalls,gluttingAres,warriorwiththebullshideshield,onblood.Youdbestrememberallyourfightingskills.Nowyoumustdeclareyourselfaspearman,afearlesswarrior.Youvegotnoescape.SoonPallasAthenawilldestroyyouonmyspear.Rightnowyoullpaymeback,thefullpriceofthosesorrowsIwentthroughwhenyouslaughteredmycompanions.”Withthesewords,heheftedhislong-shadowedspear,thenhurledit.,17,AchillesabusesHectorsbody,ThenonnobleHectorscorpsehecarriedoutamonstrousact.Hecutthroughthetendonsbehindbothfeet,fromheeltoankle,threadedthemwithox-hidethongs,andthentiedtheseontohischariot,leavingtheheadtodragbehind.Heclimbedupinhischariot,broughtonthesplendidarmour,thenlashedhishorses.Theyspedoffeagerly,draggingHector.Adustcloudroseabovehim,hisdarkhairspreadoutroundhim,andHectorshead,oncesohandsome,wascoveredbythedust,forZeushadgivenhimtohisenemiestodishonourinhisownnativeland.Soallhisheadgrewdirty.FromBookXXII,translatedbyIanJohnston:http:/www.mala.bc.ca/johnstoi/homer/iliad_title.htm,18,AbuseofHectorsBody,19,Iliad(BookXXIV),PriamsPleaAchillesgriefWhatmovedAchillestoreleaseHectorsbody?HasAchillesfinallycometohissenses?,20,QuestionsabouttheIliad,WhatarethechiefmotivationsforwarorconflictintheIliad?Compare/ContrastAchillesandHectorasrepresentingheroicideals.DoesthecharacterofAchillesdevelopoverthecourseoftheIliad?IftheIliadisaboutthewrathofAchilles,whatisthelessontobelearned,ifany?Whatrelevance,ifany,doestheIliadhaveforusnow?,21,22,TheOdyssey,JourneysDisguise,Deception&CraftinessFantasticVoyagesWomenintheOdysseyHomecoming:Loyalty&OrderConcludingRemarks,23,TwoJourneysinOneStory,OdysseusandTelemachusFantasticandWorldlyNarrativeThread:TimeandMemoryTheme:HeroicStrugglesGods/immortality(Bk.V)MonstersFindinghomeTheme:Xeniagenerosityandcourtesytowardsstrangers,24,1.Mt.Olympus2.Troy3.Cicones4.LotusEaters5.Cyclops,6.AeoliasIsland7.Laestrygonians8.CircesKingdom9.LandoftheDead10.Sirens,11.Scylla&Charybdis12.Calypso13.Ithaca,25,Disguise,DeceptionandCraftiness,Odysseusispolutropan=ofmanytwists(Bk.I,Proem)OdysseusareteCf.Achilles&HectorExamples:Nausicaa(Bk.VI)Polyphemus(Bk.IX)Circe(Bk.X)Homecoming(Bk.XXIII),26,FantasticVoyages,HorribleandSeductiveCyclops(Bk.IX)CircesIsland(Bk.X)LandoftheDead(Bk.XI)Sirens,ScyllaandCharybdis(Bk.XII),27,WomenintheOdyssey,SeductionandSymbolCf.WomenintheIliadTheWomenCalypsoNausicaa(&mother)CircePenelope,28,LandoftheDead(Bk.XI),RitesoftheDeadVi