新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson4、5、6】

新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson4、5、6】【课文】 First listen and then answer the following question. 听录音，然后回答以下问题。 How did Vera discover she had this gift of second sight? Several cases have been reported in Russia recently of people who can read and detect colours with their fingers, and even see through solid doors and walls. One case concerns an eleven-year-old schoolgirl, Vera Petrova, who has normal vision but who can also perceive things with different parts of her skin, and through solid walls. This ability was first noticed by her father. One day she came into his office and happened to put her hands on the door of a locked safe. Suddenly she asked her father why he kept so many old newspapers locked away there, and even described the way they were done up in bundles. Veras curious talent was brought to the notice of a scientific research institute in the town of Ulyanovsk, near where she lives, and in April she was given a series of tests by a special commission of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federal Republic. During these tests she was able to read a newspaper through an opaque screen and, stranger still, by moving her elbow over a childs game of Lotto she was able to describe the figures and colours printed on it; and, in another instance, wearing stockings and slippers, to make out with her foot the outlines and colours of a picture hidden under a carpet. Other experiments showed that her knees and shoulders had a similar sensitivity. During all these tests Vera was blindfold; and, indeed, except when blindfold she lacked the ability to perceive things with her skin. It was also found that although she could perceive things with her fingers this ability ceased the moment her hands were wet. ERIC DE MAUNY Seeing hands from The Listener 【New words and expressions 生词和短语】 solid adj. 坚实的 safe n. 保险柜 ulyanovsk n. 乌里扬诺夫斯克 commission n. 委员会 opaque adj. 不透明的 lotto n. 一种有编号的纸牌 slipper n. 拖鞋 blindfold adj.& adv. 被蒙上眼睛的 【课文注释】 1. of people who can read.,这个定语从句用来修饰主语cases，因为太长，所以被移至谓语之后。 2. through solid walls与with different parts of her skin并列，作perceive的状语。 3. perceive things辨认东西。 perceive表示注意到、观察到、辨认出某事物。 例句：I perceived a change in his behaviour/that his behaviour had changed. 我发觉他的行为有些变化。 percieve sth as sth表示理解或领悟某事物。 例句：I perceived his comment as a challenge. 我认为他的批评是对我的激励。 4. lock something away，把某物锁起来。 lock up(给门窗)上锁; lock.in.把锁在; lock onto sth追踪目标 5. do up，捆，包，也表示收拾。 例句：At camp, the boys have to do up their own cabins. 在营地，男孩们不得不自己打扫小屋。 6. bring.to the notice of，引起某人注意。 例句：It was Susan who brought the problem to our notice. 是苏珊提醒我们注意那个问题的。 take notice of表示注意，留心。 例句：Please take notice of my announcement. 请注意听我的通知。 7. except when blindfold，其中when之后省略了she was。 8. the moment her hands were wet，这是一个时间状语从句，the moment有“一就”的意思，省略了when。 例句：The meoment when I got home, it started to rain. 我刚到家，外面就开始下雨了。 【参考译文】 俄罗斯最近报导了几个事例，有人能用手指看书识字和辨认颜色，甚至能透过厚实的门和墙看到东西。 其中有一例谈到有一个名叫维拉.彼托洛娃的11岁学生。她的视力与常人一样，但她还能用皮肤的不同部位辨认东西，甚至看穿坚实的墙壁。是她父亲首先发现她这个功能的。一天，维拉走进父亲的办公室，偶然把手放在一个锁着的保险柜的门上，她突然问父亲为什么把这么多的旧报纸锁在柜子里，还说了报纸捆扎的情况。 维拉的特异功能引起了她家附近乌里扬诺夫斯克城一个科研单位的注意。4月里，俄罗斯卫生部一个特别委员会对她实行了一系列的测试。在这些测试中，她能隔着不透明的屏幕读报纸。更为奇怪的是，她把肘部在儿童玩的“罗托”纸牌上移动一下，便能说出印在纸牌上的数字和颜色。还有一次，她穿着长筒袜子和拖鞋，能用脚步识别出藏在地毯下面的一幅画的轮廓和颜色。其他实验表明，她的膝盖和双肩有类似的感觉水平，在所有这些实验中，维拉的双眼都是蒙着的。如果不蒙上双眼她的皮肤就不再具有识别物体的水平。这是千真万确的。同时还发现，即使她能用手指识别东西，但她的手一旦弄湿，这种功能便会立即消失。 Lesson5 【课文】 First listen and then answer the following question. 听录音，然后回答以下问题。 How does the writer like to treat young people? People are always talking about the problem of youth. If there is one-which I take leave to doubt - then it is older people who create it, not the young themselves. Let us get down to fundamentals and agree that the young are after all human beings-people just like their elders. There is only one difference between an old man and a young one： the young man has a glorious future before him and the old one has a splendid future behind him： and maybe that is where the rub is. When I was a teenager, I felt that I was just young and uncertain-that I was a new boy in a huge school, and I would have been very pleased to be regarded as something so interesting as a problem. For one thing, being a problem gives you a certain identity, and that is one of the things the young are busily engaged in seeking. I find young people exciting. They have an air of freedom, and they have not a dreary commitment to mean ambitions or love of comfort. They are not anxious social climbers, and they have no devotion to material things. All this seems to me to link them with life, and the origins of things. Its as if they were, in some sense, cosmic beings in violent and lovely contrast with us suburban creatures. All that is in my mind when I meet a young person. He may be conceited, ill-mannered, presumptuous or fatuous, but I do not turn for protection to dreary cliches about respect for elders - as if mere age were a reason for respect. I accept that we are equals, and I will argue with him, as an equal, if I think he is wrong. FIELDEN HUGHES from Out of the Air, The Listene 【New words and expressions 生词和短语】 leave n. 允许 fundamentals n. 基本原则 glorious adj. 光辉灿烂的 splendid adj. 灿烂的 rub n. 难题 identity n. 身份 dreary adj. 沉郁的 commitment n. 信奉 mean adj. 吝啬，小气 social climber 追求更高社会地位的，向上爬的人 devotion n. 热爱 cosmic adj. 宇宙的 suburban adj. 见识不广的，偏狭的 conceited adj. 自高自大的 presumptuous adj. 自以为是的，放肆的 fatuous adj. 愚蠢的 cliche n. 陈词滥调 【课文注释】 1. which I take leave to doubt，这是一个插入成分，用两个破折号与句子的主要部分分开。 take leave to do sth.是“擅自做”、“冒昧去做”的意思。 2. get down to，认真处理，认真研究;开始做某事。 例句：He got down to his work after the holidays. 度假之后他开始专心工作。 3.that is where the rub is. Theres the rub.= Thats the problem.这就是问题所在。 rub作动词，擦，磨，揉，搓。 例句：He rubbed his chin thoughtfully. 他抚摩着下巴, 陷入沉思。 rub salt into the wound/sbs wounds在某人的伤口上撒盐，给某人雪上加霜。 例句：Dont rub salt into her wounds, shes already so miserable. 别在往她伤口上撒盐了，她已经够惨了。 rub shoulders with sb与某人作社交上或职业上的来往。 例句：In his job hes rubbing shoulders with film stars all the time. 他在工作中一直与电影明星有来往。 4.for one thing，首先。 相同意思的词组还有： to begin/start with, first of all, first and foremost, in the first place 5. air of freedom，无拘无束。 6. in some sense，在某种意义上。 to some extent，从某种水准上来说。 7. turn to.for.，为而求助于。 例句：I tried to stand on my own two feet rather than turned to my parents for money. 我设法自立而不为钱求助于我的父母。 【参考译文】 人们总是在谈论“青年问题”。如果这个问题存有的话 - 请允许我对此持怀疑态度 - 那么，这个问题是由老年人而不是青年人造成的。让我们来认真研究一些基本事实：承认青年人和他们的长辈一样也是人。老年人和青年人只有一个区别：青年人有光辉灿烂的前景，而老年人的辉煌已成为过去。 问题的症结恐怕就在这里。 我十几岁时，总感到自己年轻，有些事拿不准 - 我是一所大学里的一名新生，如果我当时真的被看成像一个问题那样有趣，我会感到很得意的。因为这至少使我得到了某种承认，这正是年轻人所热衷追求的。 我觉得年轻人令人振奋，无拘无束。他们既不追逐卑鄙的名利，也不贪图生活的舒适。他们不热衷于向上爬，也不一味追求物质享受。在我看来，所有这些使他们与生命和万物之源联系在了一起。从某种意义上讲，他们似乎是宇宙人，同我们这些凡夫俗子形成了强烈而鲜明的对照。每逢我遇到年轻人，脑子里就想到这些年轻人也许狂妄自负，举止无理，傲慢放肆，愚昧无知，但我不会用理应尊重长者这个套陈词滥调来为我自己辨护，似乎年长就是受人尊敬的理由。我认为我和他们是平等的。如果我认为他们错了，我就以平等的身份和他们争个明白。 Lesson6 【课文】 First listen and then answer the following question. 听录音，然后回答以下问题。 How does the writer describe sport at the international level? I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common peoples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield. Even if one didnt know from concrete examples (the 1936 Olympic Games, for instance) that international sporting contests lead to orgies of hatred, one could deduce it from general principles. Nearly all the sports practised nowadays are competitive. You play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win. On the village green, where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is involved, it is possible to play simply for the fun and exercise： but as soon as the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage combative instincts are aroused. Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this. At the international level, sport is frankly mimic warfare. But the significant thing is not the behaviour of the players but the attitude of the spectators： and, behind the spectators, of the nations who work themselves into furies over these absurd contests, and seriously believe - at any rate for short periods - that running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue. GEORGE ORWELL The sporting spirit 【New words and expressions 生词和短语】 goodwill n. 友好 cricket n. 板球 inclination n. 意愿 contest n. 比赛 orgy n. 无节制的，放荡 deduce v. 推断 competitive adj. 竞争性的 patriotism n. 地方观点，爱国主义 disgrace v. 使丢脸 savage adj. 野性的 combative adj. 好斗的 mimic warfare 模拟战争 behaviour n. 行动，举止 absurd adj. 荒唐的 【课文注释】 1.create goodwill创造友谊 Goodwill is a friendly or helpful attitude towards other people, countries, or organizations.好意、善意、友善。 show goodwill to/towards sb 对某人表示善意。 例句：Given goodwill on both sides, Im sure we can reach agreement. 若双方均有诚意，我确信我们能达成一致意见。 2.if only the common peoples of the world.，这里if only引导的一个非真实条件句，if only作“要是就好了”讲。 例句：If only one had an unlimited supply of money! 要是财源持续就好了! 3.have no inclination to do，无意做，不想做。 A.inclination是incline的名词形式，incline to do sth表示有做某事的意愿、倾向。 例句：Im inclined to believe him innocent. 我倾向于相信他的无辜。 B.have inclination to do sth 愿意做、倾向做。 例句：I have little inclination to listen to you all evening. 我可不愿意一晚上都听你说话. 经常发生的事、趋势。 例句：The car has an inclination to stall on cold mornings. 这辆汽车天冷时早晨常常熄火。 4.deduce.from.，从推断出。 例句：From the presence of so many people at the party, we can deduce that it is a welcomed one. 从参加聚会的人数之多我们能够看出，这次聚会是受人欢迎的。 其形容词形式为deducible，表示课推知的。 例句：There is no deducible connection between these two cases. 这两个案件之间没有任何可推论的关系。 5.you play to win.句中的you是泛指人，可译作“人们”。 6.pick up become better; improve 好转、改善。 例句：The market always picks up in the s