2020-2021学年高中英语 Unit 1 Great scientists Section Ⅲ Grammar学案 新人教版必修5

section grammar过去分词作定语和表语语 境 自 主 领 悟先观察原句后自主感悟1.from the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.2.so many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.3.he found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from london.4.but he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.1.例句1和例句2中的affected和terrified为单个的过去分词作定语，一般放在被修饰词语之前。2.例句3和例句4中的polluted by the dirty water from london和exposed to cholera为过去分词短语作定语，须放在被修饰词语之后，功能相当于一个定语从句。3.例句4中的inspired为过去分词作表语，主要表示主语的状态和特征。一、过去分词作定语1意义及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，只表示完成。(1)表示被动和完成a polluted river一条被污染的河流the watered flowers浇过水的花(2)只表示完成，不表示被动fallen leaves落叶the risen sun升起的太阳2位置单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在所修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在后面，其作用相当于一个定语从句。a watched pot never boils.谚语心急锅不开。the student dressed in white is my daughter.the student who is dressed in white is my daughter.穿白色衣服的那个学生是我女儿。3过去分词与现在分词与作定语的区别现在分词作定语表主动或进行；过去分词作定语时则表被动或完成。意义形式语态时态过去分词被动完成现在分词主动进行as we all know，china is a developing country，while america is a developed country.众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家，而美国是一个发达国家。do you know the boy lying under the big tree?你认识躺在大树底下的那个男孩吗？4三种非谓语形式作定语所表示的内涵：done被动的动作已经完成being done被动的动作正在发生to be done被动的动作将要发生the meeting held yesterday is very important.昨天开的会很重要。all the members of the team have attended the meeting being held.所有的队员都出席了正在举行的会议。it is said that there is a meeting to be held in the hall tomorrow.据说明天这个大厅有个会议要举行。即时演练1用所给动词的正确形式填空some of the people invited (invite) to the party cant come.the room is empty except for a bookshelf standing (stand) in one corner.the trees blown (blow) down in the storm have been moved off the road.二、过去分词作表语1意义位于系动词(如be，get，become，look，feel，seem等)之后，多表示主语的状态或状况，它所体现的是形容词的特性。she looks disappointed.她看上去很失望。we were encouraged at the news.听到这个消息我们很受鼓舞。2过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态，而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。the cup is broken.杯子破了。(系表结构)the cup was broken by tom.杯子是被汤姆打破的。(被动语态)3过去分词与现在分词作表语的区别过去分词表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态，常译作“感到的”现在分词表示事物具有的特性，常译作“令人的”they became so worried that they stayed awake all night.他们变得如此担心，以至于一整晚都没有睡觉。the situation became so worrying that something should be done at once.形势变得令人担忧，应该立刻采取措施。即时演练2用所给动词的正确形式填空the frightened look on her face suggested that she was frightened by the frightening scene.(frighten)the news was exciting and they were all excited at it.(excite)we all felt encouraged at the encouraging news.(encourage)the audience were all moved to tears by the moving film.(move).单句语法填空1both he and i are satisfied (satisfy) with the result.2this is the statue of a brave soldier seated (seat) on a horse，with a gun on his back.3the cars being sold (sell) at the market now are made in shanghai.4the airport to be completed (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.5the police will come soon to take away the damaged (damage) car.6his words are discouraging，which made many people discouraged. (discourage)7george telephoned a man calling (call) himself peter.8when i got home，i found that the door remained locked(lock)9i think the problem just now referred(refer) to is an important one.10when autumn comes，the ground is covered(cover) with fallen(fall) leaves.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1there is a car parking outside the house.parkingparked2i am awfully tiring，but i know ill never fall asleep.tiringtired3i also shared with my friends many photos taking in beijing.takingtaken4for br