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大学英语四级写作备考讲座,WritingforCET4,提纲(Outline),1、四级评分原则和标准(PrinciplesandStandards)2、常见错误(Mistakes)3、应对策略(Strategies)4、常用句型(UsefulStructures),评分原则,1、检查考生是否达到大学英语教学大纲规定的四级教学要求。2、采用总体评分(GlobalScoring)方法阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分(rewardscores),而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。3、从内容和语言两方面对作文进行综合判断。作文应表达题目所规定的内容。评分要考虑文章是否切题,是否清楚而合适地表达思想,语言错误是否造成理解障碍。,评分标准(按百分制评判),1、满分15分2、阅卷标准分五等:2分,5分,8分,11分,14分3、档次评分标准2分,5分,8分,11分,14分,2分一塌糊涂,条理不清,思想紊乱,语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误,且多数为严重错误。Nowdays,SocialappearedmoremorefreeAdmissionstomuseums.itsinordertopeoplewastedmoney.Inadition,richinpeopleslifeandincreasemoreknowldegesButsomepeoplethoughtfreeAdimssionstomuseumshavebroughtmuchproblems.Inhand,aplentyofpeoplevisited,5分糊里糊涂,基本切题,表达思想不清楚,连贯性差,有较多严重语言错误。Inordertoenrichthecultureofpeople,moreandmoremusuemswereprovidedfreeadmissions.Somebodythoughtitwouldtakesomeproblemslikethat.Thefirst,becauseoffreeadmissionsofMuseumswereattractedalargenumbersofpeoplewhointerestedinallaroundtheworld.Andthosewhotakepartineffectedthetrafficcrowedaroundthemuseums,eventhoughaffectedpeoplewholiveinnexttothemuseumlife,8分马马虎虎,基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚,文字勉强连贯;语言错误相当多,有一些是严重错误。Thereisaninterestingandinstractivepicturewhichgoeslikethis:Moreandmoremuseumsarefreeforpeople.Theywantmorepeoplegotomuseums.Butsomepeoplearguethatitmakesometroubleforfreeforpeople.Thereasonistheeconomyofthemuseumswouldbeworsethanbefore.Worstofall,itmaytakeamessformorepeoplecometothemuseums.,11分清清楚楚,切题。表达思想清楚,文字连贯,但有少量语言错误Nowmoreandmoremuseumsarefreewithoutchargetothepublic.Doesthatmakeanysence?Freeadmissiontomusuemshelpsussavemoney,butitalsoencouragesustogotomuseumstolearnsomethingelseandgetmoreknowledge.Thiscontributestoimprovethelivinglevelofthepublic.Itcancertainlyletusknowmoreaboutourcountryandtheworld,whichhasagoodeffectonourdevelopment.Everycoinhastwosides.Itcanalsobringsomeproblems.Forexample,14分漂漂亮亮,切题。表达思想清楚,文字通顺、连贯,基本上无语言错误。Example,FreeAdmissiontoMuseums?,越来越多的博物馆现在免费向公众开放,目的是有人认为这样做会带来一些问题在我看来,Nowadays,moreandmoremuseumsareopentothepublicforfree.Freeadmissionstomuseumswillmotivatepeoplesinterestsinhistory,artsandscience.Inthisway,museumscanprovidepeoplewitheasieraccesstoknowledge,whichisofvitalimportanceforthewholenation.,However,somepeopleholdthatfreeadmissionstomuseumscanbringaboutmanyproblems.Sinceanybodycanenteramuseumwithoutpaying,themuseumcanbeovercrowdedanditwillbeadifficultjobformuseumstomaintaintheircollections.Besides,museumswillfacefinancialproblemssincetheycantmakeprofitsfromtheadmissionfee.Duetothedecreaseinprofits,museumshavelessmotivationtoup-datetheircollectionsandout-of-datemuseumscantavoidthefatetocloseupinthelongrun.,Inmyopinion,freeadmissionstomuseumsaregoodforthepublic,butontheotherhandtheymayposeproblemstothemuseummanagement.Governmentsshouldprovidehelptomuseumsandguidethemtoservethepublicbetter.,常见错误,1、篇章:引子过长,结构混乱2、句子结构:缺乏基本的句子意识,只有词汇的堆砌3、词汇:拼写、动词时态、名词单复数、形容词副词比较级别、固定搭配、词汇的选择等方面错误,应对策略,1、篇章:开门见山,直奔主题(紧扣所给提纲写出主题句)。使用合适的方法展开主题句(常用方法如:列举,因果,举例等)2、句子结构:适当使用从句、倒装句、非谓语动词、插入语,从而使文章句子结构稍微复杂而富于变化。3、词汇:尽量使用与主题相关的一些重要词汇,避开用得过于泛滥的词汇。,常用从句,1、Which引导的非限定性定语从句2、状语从句(结果、原因、时间、比较)Sothat;because/since;before/after,notuntil;while/whereas3、名词性从句(同位语从句、宾语从句),倒装、非谓语动词和插入语的使用,1、notonlybutalsoOnlybycanNotuntildo2、分词做状语,动名词做主语或宾语3、适当插入一些副词或介词短语等Thismeasure,undoubtedly(inmyopinion),willeliminatethewasteofwater.,举例法典型段落结构,1、现象简要描述(主题句+扩展句)2、详细描述现象,运用举例方法(主题句+例1;2;3)(3、表明自己观点)例:2003年1月作文:ItPaystoBeHonest1)当今社会存在许多不诚实现象2)诚实利人利己,做人应该诚实。,Nowadays,dishonestyisacommonphenomenoninsociety.,Manydoctors,forexample,sellexpensivebutunnecessarymedicinestotheirpatientsinordertogetmoremoney.,Andpoorstudentstendtocheatonexams.,Also,someadvertisementstellliessoastolurecustomersintobuyingfakecommodities.,Somefamousfigureshavecheatedthegovernmentonincometaxes.,英语四级作文八种常用句型,一.原因,1.Anumberoffactorsmightcontributeto(leadto)(accountfor)thephenomenon(problem).2.Theanswertothisprobleminvolvesmanyfactors.3.Thefactorsthatcontributetothissituationinclude.4.Thechangein.largelyresultsfromthefactthat.5.Oneofthemostcommonfactors(causes)isthat.6.Anothercontributingfactor(cause)is.7.Perhapstheprimaryfactoristhat8.Butthefundamentalcauseisthat,二.比较,1.Theadvantagesfaroutweighthedisadvantages.2.TheadvantagesofAaremuchgreaterthanthoseofB.3.Forallthedisadvantages,ithasitscompensatingadvantages.4.Likeanythingelse,ithasitsfaults.5.AandBhaveseveralpointsincommon.6.AandBdifferinseveralways.7.Evidently,ithasbothnegativeandpositiveeffects.8.Peopleusedtothink.,butthingsaredifferentnow.,三.批驳,1)Itistruethat.,butonevitalpointisbeingleftout.2)Somepeoplesay.,butitdoesnotholdwater.3)Manyofushavebeenundertheillusionthat.4)Acloseexaminationwouldrevealhowridiculousthestatementis.5)Itmakesnosensetoarguefor.6)Toomuchstressplacedon.mayleadto.7)Suchastatementmainlyrestsontheassumptionthat.8)Contrarytowhatiswidelyaccepted,Imaintainthat.,四.后果,1.Itmaygiverisetoahostofproblems.2.Theimmediateresultitproducesis.3.Itwillexerciseaprofoundinfluenceupon.4.Itsconsequencecanbesogreatthat.,五.举例,1)Agoodcaseinpointis.2)Asanillustration,wemaytake.3)Suchexamplesmightbegiveneasily.4).isoftencitedasanexample.,六.证明,1)Noonecandenythefactthat.2)Theideaishardlysupportedbyfacts.3)Unfortunately,noneoftheavailabledatashows.4)Recentstudiesindicatethat.5)Thereissufficientevidencetoshowthat.6)Accordingtostatisticsprovidedby.,itcanbeseenthat.,七.开篇,1)Manynationshavebeenfacedwiththeproblemof.2)Recentlytheproblemhasbeenbroughtintofocus.3)Recentlythephenomenonhasbecomeaheatedtopic.4)Recentlytheissuehasarousedgreatconcernamong.

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