定语从句精讲--一看就会

英语语法系列讲座,定语从句（1）,TheAttributiveClause,Exercises,学习内容：,1.什么是定语？2.什么是定语从句？3.定语从句的分类4.定语从句中的构成和注意事项5.关系词的实质和先行词之间的关系1）关系代词的实质和用法2）关系副词的和先行词之间的关系6.几种易混的情况,1.什么是定语？2.什么是定语从句？3.定语从句的分类4.限制性定语从句的构成5.关系词的实质和先行词之间的关系1）关系代词的实质和用法2）关系副词的和先行词之间的关系6.几种易混的情况,什么是定语和定语从句？,Comparethefollowingsentences.Whatpartdothewordsinboldplayinthesentences?,Thegirlismysister.Thetallgirlismysister.Thegirlwho/thatisdancingismysister.,定语是句子中用来修饰名词或代词的成分。通常由形容词或其他形容词性的形式担任。起定语作用的句子叫做定语从句或形容词性从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。,定语从句的分类,定语从句,TheRestrictiveAttributiveClause限制性定语从句,TheNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClause非限制性定语从句,Thegirlwho/thatisdancingismysister.Rose,whoisdancing,ismysister.,限制性定语从句的构成,Themanwholivesnexttoussellsvegetables.YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.IhavefoundthebookwhichIlost.IvisitedtheschoolwhereIstudied.,关系代词关系副词,注意事项:1.从句的位置:2.翻译方法:3.构成：,先行词之后,“.的”,关系词,定语从句的后置,ThedaycameatlastwhenIwenttocollege.Helaughsbestwholaughslast.HeistheonlyoneoftheteacherswhocomesfromQingdao.,先行词和关系词的关系,Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom.Theboywhoseparentsaredeadwasbroughtupbyhisgrandfather.TheschoolwhereIstudyisfarfrommyhome.,themachine=that,theboy=who,theboys=whose,intheschool=where,关系代词指代先行词,关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格,关系副词实际上是介词先行词,Jointhefollowingsentences:Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.,关系代词的实质,Jointhefollowingsentences:Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.Aplaneiscanfly.,themachine,amachine,关系代词的实质,Jointhefollowingsentences:Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.Aplaneiscanfly.,amachine,that/which,关系代词的实质,Jointhefollowingsentences:ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.,关系代词的实质,Jointhefollowingsentences:ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.wesawyesterdayisMary.,her,Thegirl,关系代词的实质,Jointhefollowingsentences:ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.wesawyesterdayisMary.,her,Thegirl,关系代词的实质,Jointhefollowingsentences:ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.wesawyesterdayisMary.,her,Thegirl,关系代词的实质,Jointhefollowingsentences:ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.wesawyesterdayisMary.,her,Thegirl,关系代词的实质,Jointhefollowingsentences:ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.wesawyesterdayisMary.,her,Thegirl,关系代词的实质,Jointhefollowingsentences:ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.wesawyesterdayisMary.,her,Thegirl,关系代词的实质,Jointhefollowingsentences:ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.Thegirlthat/whowesawyesterdayisMary.,关系代词的实质,可见，关系代词有两个作用：指代先行词在定语从句中担任主、宾、表等成分。,关系代词的用法,关系代词在从句中可以：,做宾语时可以省略,讨论：关系代词何时可以省略？,关系代词的用法练习,1.Theeggswerenotfresh.Iboughtthemyesterday.2.Thefriendwasnothungry.Hecametosupperlastnight.3.Heprefersthecheese.Itcomesfromhisparentsfarm.4.Thenoodlesweredelicious.Youcookedthem.5.Idontlikethepeople.Theysmokealot.,Theeggs(that/which)Iboughtthemwerenotfresh.,Thefriendwho/thathecametosupperlastnightwasnothungry.,.Heprefersthecheesethat/whichitcomesfromhisparentsfarm.,Thenoodles(which/that)youcookedthemweredelicious.,Idontlikethepeoplethat/whotheysmokealot.,关系副词和先行词的关系,IstillrememberthedaywhenIcamehere.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedlastyear.Therearemanyreasonswhypeopleliketraveling.Idontliketheway(that)youspeak.,ontheday=when,inthehouse=where,forthereasons=why,intheway=that,关系副词实际上是介词先行词，在定语从句中作时间、地点、原因、方式等状语。,Illneverforgetthedays_weworkedtogether.2.Illneverforgetthedays_wespenttogether.3.Iwenttotheplace_Iworkedtenyearsago.4.Iwenttotheplace_Ivisitedtenyearsago.5.Thisisthereason_hewaslate.6.Thisisthereason_hegave.,when/inwhich,(which/that),where/inwhich,why/forwhich,几种易混的情况,vt.,vt.,vt.,vi.,(which/that),(which/that),vi.,Exercises,Fillintheblankswiththesuitablerelativepronounsortherelativeadverbs.,1.Istillrememberthedate_IwenttoNanjingforthefirsttime.2.Areyousatisfiedwiththepark_youvisitedlasttime?3.Wedontknowthenumberofpeople_Iknowwerekilledintheearthquake.4.Doyouhaveanything_youdontunderstand?5.ThisisthebestTV_ismadeinChina.6.Thefirstmuseum_hevisitedinChinawastheHistoryMuseum.7.Hanyistheboy_motherisourteacher.,when/onwhich,(which/that),who/that,(that),that,(that),whose,Homework:读语法书上定语从句的相关内容并找出问题。2.结合世纪金榜P.42练习题，总结只能用that和只能用which引导定语从句的情况。,THANKYOU,难用的whose,Theteacherpraisedthestudent.HisEnglishisthebestinourclass.,TheteacherpraisedthestudentwhoseEnglishisthebestinourclass.,Jointhefollowingpairofsentences.,whose=thestudents,关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格,难用的whose,Thehouseismine.Thewindowofthehouseisbroken.,Jointhefollowingpairofsentences.,Thehousewhosewindowisbrokenismine.,whose=thehouseswindow,Thehouseismine.,thewindowofwhichisbroken,ofwhichthewindowisbroken,非限制性定语从句,ThetownwhereIliveisbeautiful.Hami,whereIlive,isbeautiful.,Teacherswhoarekindarepopularwiththestudents.MrWang,whoiskind,ispopularwiththestudents.,Pleasecompare:,非限制性定语从句,ThetownwhereIliveisbeautiful.Hami,whereIlive,isbeautiful.,Teacherswhoarekindarepopularwiththestudents.MrWang,whoiskind,ispopularwiththestudents.,Pleasecompare:,插入成分,修饰限定,补充解释,能,不能,.的,能否省略,Teacherswhoarekindarepopularwiththestudents.MrWang,whoiskind,ispopularwiththestudents.,分析两种定语从句省略后的结果,ThetownwhereIliveisbeautiful.Hami,whereIlive,isbeautiful.,分析两种定语从句省略后的结果,限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确，所以不能省略,非限制性定语从句和单句的比较,2.Hefailedintheexam._madehisparentsangry.3.Hefailedintheexam,_madehisparentsangry.,4.Hehastwosons.Bothof_areteachers.5.Hehastwosons,bothof_areteachers.,This,which,whom,them,that,1.IamreadingHarryPorter,_isaninterestingbook.,which,as引导的非限制性定语从句,Theearthisround._isknowntoall.Theearthisround,_isknowntoall._isknowntoall,theearthisround_isknowntoallthattheearthisround.,It,which/as,As,It,as具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：asyouknow/asyousee/asweplanned/asweexpected,定语从句在句首时只能用as,as引导的非限制性定语从句(1),ThisisthesamebookasIlost.ThisisthesamebookthatIlost.,Pleasecompare:,这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。,这本书就是我丢的那本。,as引导的限制性定语从句(2),Thisissuchaninterestingbook_wealllike.Thisissointerestingabook_wealllike.Thisissuchaninterestingbook_wealllikeit.Thisissointerestingabook_wealllikeit.,as,that,Pleasecompletethefollowingsentencesandcompare:,as,that,这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句),这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句),介词+关系代词的情况1,Themanwhomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitywhichshelivesisfaraway.,to,in,介词+关系代词的情况2,Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.,to,in,Arethesetwosentencesright?,介词+关系代词的情况3,Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.,to,in,Arethesetwosentencesright?,介词+关系代词的情况3,Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.,to,in,Arethesetwosentencesright?,介词+关系代词的情况3,Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.,to,in,Arethesetwosentencesright?,介词+关系代词的情况3,Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.,to,in,Arethesetwosentencesright?,介词+关系代词的情况3,Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.,to,in,Arethesetwosentencesright?,可见,who、that不能用与介词之后,介词+关系代词的情况4,Isthisthewatchthatyouarelookingfor?TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter.,在固定短语中介词不能提前,下面两句中的介词能提前吗?,1.Doyoulikethebookshespent$10?2.Doyoulikethebookshepaid$10?3.Doyoulikethebookshelearnedalot?4.Doyoulikethebooksheoftentalks?5.Hebuiltatelescopehecouldstudytheskies.6.Thereisatalltreeoutside,standsourteacher.7.Chinahasalotofrivers,thesecondlongest_istheYellowRiver.8.Thetower_peoplecanhaveagoodviewisonthehill.9.Theman_Ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwrestling.10.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,most_hadntbeencleanedforatleastayear.,onwhich,forwhich,fromwhich,aboutwhich,throughwhich,underwhich,ofwhich,fromwhich,towhom,ofwhich,介词+关系代词的情况练习,1.Hedidall/everything_hecouldtohelpme.2.Thisistheverything_Iamafter.3.Wetalkedaboutthemenandthethings_werememberedatschool.4.Heistheonlyman_candothework.5.Thisisthefirstthing_Iwantt