河南省郑州市2018-2019学年高一英语下学期期末考试试题（含解析）

河南省郑州市2018-2019学年高一英语下学期期末考试试题（含解析）注意事项:本试卷分四部分，考试时间120分钟，满分150分。考生应首先阅读答题卡上的文字信息，然后在答题卡上作答，在试题卷上作答无效。第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的a、b、c三个选项中选出最佳选项并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.where does the conversation probably take place?a. in the street.b. in the cinema.c. at the drugstore.【答案】a【解析】【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。2.how many students are there in the class?a. 46.b. 52.c. 40.【答案】b【解析】【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。3.what is the man going to do this weekend?a. go to the picnic.b. go to the company.c. work in his garden.【答案】a【解析】【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。4.what can we know about the man?a. he always studies hard.b. he doesnt think he was wrong.c. he regrets that he didnt study hard.【答案】c【解析】【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。5.what can we learn from the conversation?a. the mans room is very clean.b. the woman wants to clean the room.c. the room hasnt been cleaned for a long time.【答案】c【解析】【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的a、b、c三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题每小题5秒钟；听完后各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。6. how much are the double rooms?a. from $180 to $240.b. from $270 to $330.c. from $180 to $270.7. why did the man make the phone call?a. to check the room rates.b. to ask for an extra bed.c. to change his reservation.【答案】6. b 7. a【解析】此题为听力题，解析略。6题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。【7题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。8. why does frank feel surprised?a. the woman disagrees with him.b. the woman has found a new job.c. the woman doesnt want to leave.9. what does ricky say about her department?a. there is a lack of trust.b. there is too much pressure.c. there are serious problems.【答案】8. b 9. c【解析】此题为听力题，解析略。【8题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。【9题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。10. what is the possible relationship between the two speakers?a. teacher and student.b. classmates.c. manager and worker.11. where will the woman work?a. at apple computer.b. at the college.c. in computer science.12. what does the woman advise the man to do?a. teach art.b. be a free artist.c. work in advertising.【答案】10. b 11. a 12. c【解析】此题为听力题，解析略。【10题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。【11题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。【12题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。13. what are the two speakers mainly talking about?a. the location of a house.b. how to buy a cheaper house.c. expensive houses in the country.14. why dont the woman and her husband move to a new house?a. they dont like the new house.b. they have had their own house.c. they cant afford the new house.15. what does the mans sister think of the house they bought?a. satisfyingb. poor.c. expensive.16. what can we know about the old house?a. it has been repaired.b. it is worth a lot of money.c. it has been sold by the government.【答案】13. b 14. c 15. a 16. c【解析】此题为听力题，解析略。【13题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。【14题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。【15题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。【16题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。17. what is the weather like today?a. warm.b. cool.c. hot.18. what does the speaker say about the lake?a. its a great wonder of nature.b. its a wonderful place for children.c. its a nice place to enjoy cool air in autumn.19. what do people enjoy doing in the park in late autumn and winter?a. taking photos.b. watching birds.c. enjoying the beauty.20. what might the speaker be?a. a bus driver.b. a tourist guide.c. a school teacher.【答案】17. c 18. a 19. b 20. b【解析】此题为听力题，解析略。【17题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。【18题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。【19题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。【20题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a、b、c和d四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。aaruba (阿鲁巴岛) is one of the most well-known caribbean destinations (目的地) for tourists around the world. youre probably wondering what to include while youre there.what to wear?the main reason why youre heading there is to relax on the countrys fresh beaches and enjoy yourself in warm waters of the caribbean sea. during most of the day, youll likely be wearing your swimsuit. when youve finished at the beach or pool area, it is advisable to bring along a shirt or cover as well as shorts to wear.it is not recommended to wear beach clothes when you go out for dinnerregardless of the time of day. shorts and t-shirts are enough in many restaurants, though more formal clothes are advised for the fanciest restaurants.what else to bring?the caribbean sun is very strong and if youre planning on spending lots of time in the sun, there are several precautions (预防措施) you must take, including sun cream, sunglasses, a wide hat, a couple of bathing suits as well as a beach bag and a cooler in your luggage.what not to bring?while drinking water is questionable or not safe in many caribbean nations, aruba is an exception. aruba is known for having the cleanest water in the world. there water, so simply bring along an empty bottle.several items are not allowed in aruba for carrying. these include firearms, e-cigarettes as well as sharp objects and tools.21. why do tourists choose aruba for a destination?a. they can wear casual clothes freely.b. they can enjoy the beautiful scenery.c. they can relax on the bench and in waters.d. they can have a wonderful dinner party there.22. which of the following is not advised to do in aruba?a. wearing shorts in a restaurant.b. preparing sun cream in advance.c. wearing beach clothes for dinner.d. taking along sunglasses before going out.23. what is the authors purpose in writing this passage?a. to offer advice on travelling in aruba.b. to provide main information for tourists.c. to attract more tourists to travel in aruba.d. to warn tourists against doing wrong things.【答案】21. c 22. c 23. a【解析】【分析】本文是一篇广告布告类短文阅读。文章主要提供了到加勒比海阿鲁巴岛旅游的游客在穿衣和携带物品方面的建议。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段the main reason why youre heading there is to relax on the countrys fresh beaches and enjoy yourself in warm waters of the caribbean sea.可知，游客去阿鲁巴岛主要原因是想在该国海滩上放松一下，在加勒比海的温水中享受一下。故选c。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段it is not recommended to wear beach clothes when you go out for dinner-regardless of the time of day.可知，外出就餐时，不建议穿沙滩服。故选c。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段aruba (阿鲁巴岛) is one of the most well-known caribbean destinations (目的地) for tourists around the world. youre probably wondering what to include while youre there.及全文内容可知，文章作者为读者提供在阿鲁巴旅行的建议。故选a。【点睛】文章内容较为简单，集中考查细节题，对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别。如小题2题干中关键词的advised，到文章找到关键词recommended。所以我们考生要通过比较这些细微区别，仔细辨别才能得出答案。bi am not interested in making the new years decisions. but this year, there came a decisive moment. it came when my adult children, whod been home for two weeks, headed back to their homes. there was a sadness i felt as i waved their cars out of sight, not knowing when id see them again. but there was also a knowing in that moment that something in me needed to change. so i asked myself, “what is truly good in your life?”what is good is my relationships with my children, but not only those relationships. what also keeps my heart beating is creating a home, no matter who is there, and cooking balanced, plant-based meals, even if just for me. i find joy in nature and connections with close friends and family. i love doing photography and writing and teaching myself piano.whatever was missing from my life, at the end of last year i knew about the parts that worked. as winter ended and the visiting children prepared to leave, i looked to the future.i think of my friend, lisa, who in may lost her husband of 30 years to cancer, and who found herself on new years eve with no one to be with. her aloneness was lasting in that turning-point moment, but her sadness was momentary (短暂的). “i realized i had a choice,” she told me. instead of giving way to loneliness and despair, she chose to find something productive to do.we humans can become bored with defeat. we know something is just the other side. like a new year, i have two choices. i can brand myself as the long-suffering mother who never figured out how to live on after her children left. or i can take to the piano in the center of the house each day and practice ode to joy with one hand until such time as i feel ready to play with two.24. what can we know about the author from the first paragraph?a. she didnt want to live a lonely life any more.b. she was curious about her life in the new year.c. she had a difficult relationship with her children.d. she didnt think her life kept any promise any more.25. how will the author probably change her life?a. by improving her physical healthb. by taking more music classes when free.c. by spending more time with her children.d. by focusing on things that bring her happiness.26. why does the author mention her friend lisa?a. to show there are people with worse lives than herself.b. to point out there are choices even when life is difficult.c. to prove being on ones own has a big influence on others.d. to stress the importance of family members on new years eve.27. how does the author feel about her future?a. optimistic.b. doubtful.c. worried.d. hopeless【答案】24. a 25. d 26. b 27. a【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。新年过后，孩子们都离开家，作者孤独一个人在家，然而她没有向孤独和绝望屈服，而是选择做一些有意义的事情。【24题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段there was a sadness i felt as i waved their cars out of sight, not knowing when id see them again. but there was also a knowing in that moment that something in me needed to change.可知，孩子们离开之后，作者感到悲伤，但就在那一刻，作者意识到自己内心需要改变，从而可以推断出，作者不想再过孤独的生活了。故选a。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段i find joy in nature and connections with close friends and family. i love doing photography and writing and teaching myself piano.可知，作者在大自然中找到了快乐，与亲密的朋友和家人建立了联系，并且喜欢摄影、写作和自学钢琴，故可知作者专注于能给她带来快乐的事情。故选d。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段，特别最后一句instead of giving way to loneliness and despair, she chose to find something productive to do.可知，作者的朋友丽莎没有向孤独和绝望屈服，而是选择做一些有意义的事情，可以推断出，作者提及朋友丽莎是为了指出，即使生活很艰难，我们也有很多选择。故选b。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段whatever was missing from my life, at the end of last year i knew about the parts that worked. as winter ended and the visiting children prepared to leave, i looked to the future.可知，从作者展望自己的未来可以推断出，作者对自己的未来是乐观的。故选a。cimagine you are opening your own company and want to hire a manager. you have two applicants and they are both skilled and experienced, so who would you rather hire: julia watson or shobha bhattacharya? chances are that you would prefer watson, right? but why?“easy names are regarded as more familiar, less risky and less dangerous,” eryn newman, a scientist at victoria university of wellington, new zealand, told scientific american. as a result, people with easier names are often considered to be more trustworth.this is what newman and her teammates have found in their recent study. in the experiment, they picked 218 different foreign names, including difficult-to-pronounce ones like yevgeni dherzhinsky and easy names like bodo wallmeyer. they then attached each name with a statement such as “turtles are deaf” and “giraffes are the only mammals that cannot jump” and asked volunteers whether they thought the statements were true. the results showed that statements connected to easier names were more often ranked as believable than those belonging to difficult names, regardless of what the truth really was.in fact, previous studies have already found that our judgments about products can be affected by their names. for example, we tend to think of a food additive with an easier name as safer and a stock (股票) with an easier name as more profitable (赢利的), according to medical daily. but researchers pointed out that this effect can change depending on where someone comes from. for example, a native british man may find “yevgeni dherzhinsky” hard to pronounce while russian people can say it without effort.newman hopes that this finding can make us better see our bias. its not just unfair to people that we make judgments based on feelings rather than facts it can sometimes have serious results. for example, we may choose to believe certain eyewitnesses in court simply because their names sound more trustworthy even if they are actually lying. or we may let go of qualified job applicants due to their “difficult” names.now, if you could make that decision again, would you still prefer julia watson to shobha bhattacharya?28. why does the author refer to the choice between the two names in paragraph 1?a. to introduce how to choose a good applicant.b. to show easy names are considered more risky.c. to explain what kinds of applicants are considered reliable.d. to make readers wonder why applicants with easy names are preferred.29. what did newman and her teammates discover in their experiment?a. hard-to-pronounce names didnt influence how the volunteers judged.b. statements paired with easy names were rated as reliable in many cases.c. volunteers with easier names were more likely to choose true statements.d. statements connected with difficult names were more trusted by volunteers.30. the underlined word “bias” in paragraph 5 probably means “_”.a. real factb. wise judgmentc. good understandingd. unreasonable preference31. what can be concluded from the passage?a. we should think twice before we make a decision.b. russians have more fairness to peoples names than the british.c. judging people based on their names may cause serious problems.d. the harder your name is pronounced, the more likely you will get a job.【答案】28. d 29. b 30. d 31. c【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要向读者揭秘名字所带来的偏见。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“easy names are regarded as more familiar, less risky and less dangerous,” eryn newman, a scientist at victoria university of wellington, new zealand, told scientific american. as a result, people with easier names are often considered to be more trustworth.解释了人们选择名字更简单的原因，可以推断出，文章第一段作者提及两个名字的选择是为了让读者知道为什么名字简单的求职者更受青睐。故选d。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“easy names are regarded as more familiar, less risky and less dangerous,” eryn newman, a scientist at victoria university of wellington, new zealand, told scientific american. as a result, people with easier names are often considered to be more trustworth和第三段the results showed that statements connected to easier names were more often ranked as believable than those belonging to difficult names, regardless of what the truth really was.可知，纽曼和她的队友在研究中发现，与容易记的名称相关的陈述往往更容易让人相信。故选b。【30题详解】词义猜测题。根据文章倒数第二段its not just unfair to people that we make judgments based on feelings rather than facts - it can sometimes have serious results.我们根据感觉而不是事实做出判断，这不仅对人们不公平，有时还会产生严重的后果，从而猜测出，newman hopes that this finding can make us better see our bias.意思为“纽曼希望这一发现能让我们更好地看清自己的偏见。”故选d。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段its not just unfair to people that we make judgments based on feelings rather than facts - it can sometimes have serious results.及全文内容可知，我们根据感觉而不是事实做出判断，这不仅对人们不公平，根据名字来判断一个人可能会导致严重的问题。故选c。【点睛】阅读理解通常都会出现词义猜测题，要求考生从上下文理解中概括出生词或短语的词义。考生作此类题型时，首先要找到所猜测词所在文章的位置，然后在理解文章大意的基础之上，对此词前后句反复研读，最后根据前后句猜测出词义。例如小题3要求猜测出bias的含义，就是根据文章倒数第二段its not just unfair to people that we make judgments based on feelings rather than facts - it can sometimes have serious results.我们根据感觉而不是事实做出判断，这不仅对人们不公平，有时还会产生严重的后果，从而猜测出，newman hopes that this finding can make us better see our bias.意思为“纽曼希望这一发现能让我们更好地看清自己的偏见。”从而推测出bias之意。dalthough vaccines (疫苗) are required for entry into school in most places in the united states, the government does allow for exceptions, like religious reasons.in the last few years, the rates of vaccine-preventable illness have been on the rise. in most cases, these outbreaks began with children who were unvaccinated. to deal with this threat, some schools in new york have been refusing to allow unvaccinated children to attend school. several parents thought this was unfair and charged. just recently, though, a court ruled in favor of the city schools.the court made the right decision. vaccine policy depends not only on the added protection that vaccines provide for those who get shots, but also on the decreased probability that anyone will come into contact with the disease. this is known as community immunity (免疫力). it refers to the fact that when enough people are immunized, then there really cant be an outbreak. and if there cant be an outbreak, then everyone is protected.this is important because there are people who cannot be given immunizations for various reasons. for example, small babies cant be given all vaccines. in 1995, the chickenpox (水痘) vaccine was introduced in the united states. over time, more and more children received it. in 2011, a study looked at how the program affected the number of children who died from the disease.the first thing noted in the paper was that death from chickenpox went down considerably after the vaccine was introduced. from 2001 though 2007, the rates of death remained much lower, with just a few children dying from chickenpox nationally each year.whats more, from 2004 through 2007, not one child less than 1 year of age died in the united states from chickenpox. this is important because we cannot give the chickenpox vaccine to babies. in other words, all those babies were saved not because we vaccinated them against this illness, but because older children were vaccinated.therefore, people who refuse to vaccinate their children arent just putting themselves at risk-theyre putting everyone else in danger, too.32. whose benefit did the judges take into consideration?a. school leaders.b. students.c. several parents.d. unvaccinated kids.33. what is needed to prevent disease outbreaks through community immunity?a. requiring everyone to