8B Unit 1 Grammar2

现在完成时,rammar,UnitOne,现在完成时的时间副词和时间短语:,1.副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。Wehavealreadyfinishedourhomework.我们已完成作业了。,Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?Notyet.,你已经完成家庭作业了吗?,-IhaveneverbeentotheGreatWall.我从未去过长城。,2.副词ever和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。如:-HaveyoueverbeentotheGreatWall?你曾经去过长城吗?,Hehasbeentheretwicethepastfewyears.近几年他去过那里两次了。,3.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语,如:just,before,uptonow,thepastfewyearssofar,bynow等。如:Ihaveseenherbefore,butIcannotrememberwhere.我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。,他刚来.,Hehasjustcome.,HowmanyEnglishwordshaveyoulearntsofar?,迄今为止，你学了多少英语单词？,B.表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻开始，一直延续到现在（包括现在在内,也许还要继续进行下去）的（段）时间状语连用。共有以下几种情况：与for+表示一段时间的词组连用；since+表示过去的时间点或从句连用。例如：1.我做教师已有二十年了。2.她在这家工厂工作十年了。3.她自从去年九月起就在这所学校。4.自从三年前他就住在伦敦。,Ivebeenateacherfortwentyyears.,Shesworkedinthefactoryfortenyears.,ShesbeenatthisschoolsincelastSeptember.,HeslivedinLondonsincethreeyearsago.,常见的短暂性动词和延续性动词的转换如下：非延续性动词可延续性动词comebehere/beindiebedeadborrowkeepjoinbea+.（成员.member）/bein+组织buyhaveleavebeawaybeginbeonfinishbeoverleavebeaway,注意：在上述句型的肯定句中，不可用短暂性动词（表示动作短暂不能延续的动词）作谓语，而应改为相应的延续性动词。如：他已到达。Hehasarrived.他已到达四天。Hehasbeenhereforfourdays.或Hearrivedherefourdaysago.,1.他已经来了。2.他来这儿/北京有两个月了。.3.这位老人已经逝世。4.这位老人已经逝世一年多了。5.李雷已经从图书馆借了这本书。6.李雷从图书馆借这本书一周了。7.凯特已经买了一辆自行车。凯特买了这辆自行车已经两周了。8.火车已经离开了。火车离开很久了。,Hehascome.,Hehasbeenhere(inBeijing)for2months,Thisoldmanhasdied.,Thisoldmanhasbeendeadforoveroneyear.,LiLeihasborrowedthebookfromtheschoollibrary.,LiLeihaskeptthebookfromtheschoollibraryforaweek.,Katehasboughtabike.,Katehashadthebikefortwoweeks.,Thetrainhasleft.,Thetrainhasbeenawayforalongtime.,改写下列各句：1.Hisuncledied2yearsago.2.Hermotherhasbeenapartymemberfor3years.3.Heleftheretwodaysago.4.Hehasbeenaworkerfor3years.5.IhavetaughtFrenchinthisschoolfor2years.,Hisunclehasbeendeadfor2years.,Hisunclehasbeendeadsince2yearsago.,Hermotherjoinedtheparty3yearsago.,Hermotherhasbeenapartymembersince3yearsago,Hehasbeenawayfromherefor2days.,Hehasbeenawayfromheresince2daysago.,Hehasbeenaworkersince3yearsago.,Hebecameaworker3yearsago.,Ibegantoteachinthis2yearsago.,MakingsentencesMr.Wuasksthestudentstocompletethesentencesbelowusingthepresentperfecttense.Helpthemcompletethesentences.They_(finish)theirhomework.Mr.AndMrs.Li_(notcome)backyet.John_(play)thiscomputergameafewtimes.We_(notsee)thatfilmyetMrDong_(repair)overtenbikessincelastFriday.You_(notvisit)meforalongtime.,havefinished,havenotcome,hasplayed,havenotseen,hasrepaired,havenotvisited,Practice,1.WhohasalreadybeentoJapan?2.WhohasneverbeentoJapan?3.WhohasjustbeentoJapan?4.WhohasalreadybeentoBritain?5.WhohasnotbeentoBritainyet?6.WhohasnotbeentoHawaiiyet?7.WhohasjustbeentoHawaii?8.WhohasalreadybeentoHawaii?,Askandanswer,表示曾去过某处have/hasbeen的用法以及它们在疑问句、否定句中与ever、never连用。例如：WehavebeentoQingdao.我们去过青岛。ShehasbeentoSanya.她去过三亚。,beento与goneto,表示某人去某处（还没有回来）用have/hasgone，例如：WhohasgonetoBeijing?谁去了北京？HermotherhasgonetoHawaii.她妈妈去了夏威夷了。,havebeen(to)和havegone(to)的区别：,have/hasbeen(to)表示“曾经去过”某地,说话时此人很可能不在那里,已经回来.侧重指经历。,have/hasgone(to)表示某人“已经去了”某地,说话时此人在那里，或可能在路上,反正不在这里。,have/hasbeen(in)表示“来/去某地(多长时间)”,现在仍在那儿，强调状态。,HehasbeentoBeijing(twice).他曾去过北京(两次).HehasgonetoBeijing.他已经去了北京.HehasbeeninBeijingforthreeweeks.他已经来/去北京三个周了。,1.你去过长城吗2.他爸爸去了广州了。3.你爸爸去过颐和园吗？4.我们从来没有去过北海公园。5.李雷在哪儿？他到图书馆去了。6.他从来没有去过大连。,HaveyoueverbeentotheGreatWall?,HasyourfatherbeentotheSummerPalace?,WehaveneverbeentotheBeihaiPark.,HehasneverbeentoDalian.,Practice,HisfatherhasgonetoGuangzhou.,WhereisLiLei?Hehasgonetothelibrary,7.他在这儿/北京有两个月了。8.他父亲已经入党二十多年了。,HisfatherhasbeeninthePartyforover20years.HisfatherhasbeenaPartymemberforover20years.,Hehasbeenhere(inBeijing)for2months.,中考链接,一.选择填空,1、UncleDongis_fromtimetotimebecausehemisseshisoldfriends.A.lonelyB.aloneC.happyD.unkind2、MrandMrsBlack_back_.A.hasntcome,yetB.haventcome,yetC.havent,comealreadyD.hasntcome,already3、Wehaventseeneachother_.A.foralongtimeB.twodaysagoC.fortwodaysagoD.alongtimeago.4、Ithasbeeninservice_1998.A.inB.atC.orD.since5、It_sevenyears_HongKongreturntoChina.A.was,sinceB.is,sinceC.was,afterD.is,after,6、-WhereareMikeandJack?-They_thelibrary.A.havegoneB.havebeentoC.hasbeentoD.hasgoneto7、Thereisanewbridge_SunshineBridge.A.callB.tocallC.calledD.calling.8.I_youahappyholiday.A.hopeB.wishC.wantD.like9.Ienjoy_myfriendsontheinternetonSundays.A.chatB.chattingC.chattingtoD.chattingwith.10.Inadictionarywhichisalwaysbeforetram.A.trainB.tryC.treeD.true11.Theplace_bethehomeofwildredcranes.A.isusedtoB.usedtoC.isusedD.wasusedto12.Wehopeyou_ahappyholidayinHongKong.A.tohaveB.havingC.hadD.willhave,13.Theoldmanwasnot_toclimbupthehill.A.healthyB.enoughhealthyC.healthenoughD.healthyenough14.-_you_thebook_tothelibraryyet.-Yes.Ihave.A.Have，returned，/B.Have，returned，backC.Didreturn，/D.Did，return，back15.Hehas_finishedhishomework.Hesnow_arest.A.yet,havingB.just,hasC.ever,hasD.already,having.,动词填空：1._you_(clean)theroom?Yes,we_(do)thatalready.When_you_(do)it?We_(do)itanhourago.2._he_(see)thisfilmyet?Yes.When_he_(see)it?He_itlastweek.3.Howmanytimes_you_(be)there?,Have,cleaned,havedone,did,do,did,Has,seen,did,see,saw,have,been,下一页,上一页,4.I_(read)thenoveltwice.Itsinteresting.5.She_(go)toPairs,hasntshe?Yes.How_she_(go)there?She_(go)therebyair.6.Sofar,manycountries_(develop)theirsoftwareprograms.7.MrChen_(give)upsmokinglastyear.8.Mrchen_(give)upsmokingsincelastyear.,haveread,hasgone,did,go,went,havedeveloped,gave,hasgiven,下一页,上一页,1.他在这儿住了十年了.2.自从离开学校到现在我写过两封信给他.3.我们家乡发生了巨大变化.4.我刚刚到这里.他刚才也在这里,但是现在他去图书馆了.5.自两年前到现在我曾经去过北京两次.6.他在北京呆了两个月.,Hehaslivedherefortenyears.,IhavewrittentohimtwicesinceIleftschool.,Greatchanges