高一英语Unit 5 of Module Ⅱ Rhythm Period Two Grammar北师大版知识精讲

高一英语Unit 5 of Module Rhythm Period Two Grammar北师大版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：Unit 5 of Module Rhythm Period Two Grammar二. 本课教学目标与要求：1. 理解和掌握状语从句的功能和结构。2. 培养学生运用所学知识解决问题的能力。三. 【状语从句】（一）概念状语从句修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词等，在复合句中作状语。引导状语从句的关联词是从属连词，状语从句用陈述句语序，一般位于复合句的句首或句末。当从句在句首时，从句后常用逗号和主句相隔。状语从句根据其在句中的不同作用分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、比较、让步、行为方式等。（二）状语从句类型和从属连接词状语从句时间状语从句when, whenever, as, while, since, after, before, till, until, as soon as,no sooner than, hardly when, scarcely when地点状语从句where, wherever原因状语从句because, since, as, now that条件状语从句if, unless, as long as, on condition that, providing that,provided （that）, supposing （that）让步状语从句Though, although, even if, even though, no matter how/what/who, however, whatever, whoever, whichever结果状语从句so that , so that, such that 目的状语从句so, so that, in order that, 方式状语从句as, as if, as though, the way比较状语从句asas, not so （as）as, thanAdverbial Clause of Time1. 时间状语从句中的时态。（略）2. 比较while, when, as1）as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。如：Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.我一刹车，有一个人向我走来。2）当从句的动作发生于主句动作前，只能用when 引导从句，不可用as 或 while。如：When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.干完活后，你可以休息一下。3）从句表示“随时间推移”，连词能用as，不用when 或while。如：As the day went on, the weather got worse.日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏。4） 仔细区分：I was reading a novel _ he was watching TV.A. whenB. while C. before D. as（while 表示一段时间并表示对比，从句中不能用点动词；when 表示“那时突然”也可以表示从句动作发生在主句动作之前或之后; as 表示“一边一边”也可以表示“随时间的推移”。）e.g. When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.I was watching TV, when he suddenly came in.As I was washing the dishes, I was singing songs.You will grow wiser as you grow older.3. 比较until和till这两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是“做某事直至某时”，动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是“直至某时才做某事”。动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。肯定句：I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。Wait till I call you. 等着我叫你。（在肯定句中可用before代替。例如 Lets get in the wheat before the sun sets.）否定句：She didnt arrive until 6 oclock. 她直到6点才到。Dont get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽车停稳后再下车。区别：1）until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。如：Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。2）until when 疑问句中，until要放在句首。如：-Until when are you staying?你呆到什么时候？- Until next Monday.呆到下周一。注意：否定句可用另外两种句式表示。1）Not until在句首，主句用倒装。例如：Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.直到19 世纪初，人类才知道热为何物。Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.直到工作，才认识到我已蹉跎了几多岁月。2）It is not untilthat 。如：It was not until I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted.4. 表示“一就”的结构hardly/scarcelywhen/before, no soonerthan 和as soon as都可以表示“一就”的意思。I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain.刚回家，就下起雨来了。I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.As soon as I got home, it began to rain.注意：如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，句子必须用倒装结构。如：Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.5. 一些表时间的副词和短语亦可引导此从句。He came directly I called. （我一叫他就来了。）I left immediately the clock struck twelve. （钟一敲十二点我就动身了。）She demands sweets every time she sees me. （她每次见到我都要糖吃。）He felt thrill the moment he got into the theatre. （他一走进剧场就感到十分激动。）Adverbial Clause of Place1. where 引导地点状语从句和其引导的定语从句很相似，区分它们的关键是有没有先行词。e.g. You should make it a rule to leave things where you can find them again.2. where 引导的从句，还可以表示处境等，可有各种译法。a）.Where others are weak, he is strong.（别人的弱点正是他的优势。）b）.Where bees are, there is honey. （有蜂就有蜜。）Adverbial Clause of Cause1. 区分 because, since, ase.g. _ everybody is here, lets begin our meeting.A. When B. For C. Because D. Since（because 语气最强，用来回答why 提出的问题，可与强调词only, just, 以及否定词not连用，而since 和as 则不能。since表示已经知道的，显而易见的事实或理由。as 语气较弱，表示比较明显的原因，且比较口语化。2. 注意下列句子的含义：a） Seeing （that） hes ill, hes unlikely to come. （他生病了，不可能会来。）b） Considering hes only been learning English a year he speaks it very well.（鉴于他学习英语才一年，他的英语说得不错。）c） As you make your bed, so you must lie on it. （你是自作自受。）Adverbial Clause of Condition连接词主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐述。unless = if not. 如：Lets go out for a walk unless you are too tired.If you are not too tired, lets go out for a walk.例题You will be late _ you leave immediately.A. unlessB. untilC. ifD. or答案A。除非你立即走，否则你就会迟到的。可转化为 If you dont leave immediately, you will be late。B、D句意不对，or表转折，句子如为 You leave immediately or you will be late.a） Supposing （that） you are wrong, what will you do?（假定你是错的，你怎么办？）b） She may come with us provided （that） she arrives in time.（如果她及时到达，她可以和我们一道去。）c） You may borrow the book, on condition that you do not lend it to anyone else。（你可以把这本书借走，只要你不把它再借给别人。）d） In case it rains, do not expect me.（如若下雨，就不要等我了。）a. Im taking an umbrella in case it rains later on.b. Ill take an umbrella if it rains later on.Adverbial Clause of Concession1）though, although引导的让步状语从句，后面的从句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。如：Although its raining, they are still working in the field.虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。He is very old, but he still works very hard.虽然他很老了，但仍然努力地工作。2） as, though 引导的让步从句表语或状语必须提前（形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前）。如：Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.虽然是个小孩，该做什么不做什么，他全知道。3） ever if, even though即使。如：Well make a trip even though the weather is bad.即使天气不好，我们也要去远足。4） whetheror不管都。如：Whether you believe it or not, it is true.信不信由你，这确实是真的。5） “no matter +疑问词” 或 “疑问词+后缀ever” 。例如：No matter what happened, he would not mind. =Whatever happened, he would not mind.as 引导的让步状语从句,请翻译：Much as I would like to come, I cant.Poor as he was, he was honest.Try as you may, you will never succeed.Fool as he looks, he always seems to make the wisest proposals.Adverbial Clause of Result & Adverbial Clause of Purpose1. 目的状语从句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等词引导。如：You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.你必须大点声，别人就能听见了。He wrote the name down for fear that（lest） he should forget it.他写下了这个名字以免以后忘记。Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.最好多穿点衣服，以防天发冷。2. Some examples:a） She sat behind me so that I could not see the expression on her face.（结果）b） He drew a plan of the village so that she could find his house easily.（目的）c） His anger was such that he lost control of himself. （结果）Adverbial Clause of Manner1. 方式状语从句.通常由as, （just） asso, as if, as though引导。1）as,（just）asso引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在（just）asso结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是“正如”，“就像”，多用于正式文体。如：Always do to the others as you would be done by.你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。As water is to fish, so air is to man.我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。2）as if, as though两者意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。常译作“仿佛似的”，“好像似的”。如：They completely ignore these facts as if （as though） they never existed.他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）He looks as if （as though） he had been hit by lighting.他那样子就像被雷击了似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.看来天气很快就会好起来。（实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。）说明：as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语。如：He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。He cleared his throat as if to say something.他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.波涛冲击着岩石，好像很愤怒。2. 翻译训练a） When at Rome, do as the Romans do.b） I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday.c） She closed her eyes as though she were tired.d） Do it the way you were taught. （the way=the way that = the way in which）Adverbial Clause of Comparison试译下列句子：1. Jack is no taller than Tom. （杰克和汤姆一样矮。）2. Jack is not taller than Tom. （杰克没有汤姆高。）3. He is no less guilty than you.（他和你同样有罪。）4. He is no more a god than we are.（他和我们一样，也不是神。）no +形容词比较级+than 具有表达该形容词反面性质的特点。* He is no better than all of us.【模拟试题】（答题时间：30分钟）一、单项选择1. After the war, a new school building was put up _ there had once been a theatre. （97.）A. that B. where C. which D. when2. Im going to the post office._youre there, can you get me some stamps?A. As B. WhileC. Because D. If3. Well have to finish the job, _.A. long it takes however B. it takes however longC. long however it takes D. however long it takes4. The WTO cannot live up to its name _ it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind. （00.）A. as long as B. whileC. if D. even though5. It is generally believed that teaching is _ it is a science. （01.）A. an art much asB. much an art asC. as an art much as D. as much an art as6. He shut all of us out of the kitchen _ he could prepare his grand surprise for the party.A. which B. whenC. so thatD. as if7. Nowadays science fiction isnt as _ as cartoons among teenagers.（04）A. popular B. more popularC. less popularD. the most popular8. Professor Nelson wanted to know _.A. when would the conference beginB. when the conference would beginC. when will the conference beginD. when the conference will begin9. It was so late, _ the farmers went on working in the field.A. and B. that C. soD. but10. I have a dream. When I_, I want to be a scientist.A. make up B. come upC. grow upD. turn up二、指出下列状语从句的类型并翻译:1. As the storm burst the shoppers made for shelter.A telegram came after she had gone.2. Put everything where it is.You are able to go wherever you like on holidays.3. I read the book for the simple reason that I like the writer.I came to see you on the ground that your father said you were in trouble.4. I hid the book so that he should not see it.In order that the bridge would be built, the rubbish should be moved5. I was in the bath, with the result that I didnt hear the telephone.He was so excited that he could hardly say a word.6. Leave it as it is.Do as he tells you.7. She has read as many books as we have.At that time pop singers were not known to the degree they are today.8. Dont come unless I call you.Call number 110 in case you are in trouble.9. I will come , even if it rains.Whatever problems you have, youll always come to me for help.三、阅读理解Dear Editor（编辑）,I used to be a doctor in a childrens hospital. Sometimes I treated children who had been poisoned（中毒）by medicines for older family members. The children didnt know the medicine was dangerous; they just knew it tasted sweet. Children easily opened the bottle that we now use in China.Some days ago I talked about medicine with an American. He showed me a kind of plastic bottle. The design was very quite simple and Im sure our Chinese factories could produce these bottles. The top of the bottle locks but can be opened by pressing down on it while turning. This is difficult for most young children to do, though grown-ups can open these bottles very easily.Im certain that th