黑龙江省大庆市铁人中学2020学年高一英语上学期入学考试试题（含解析）

黑龙江省大庆市铁人中学2020学年高一英语上学期入学考试试题（含解析）第一部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节: (共20小题:每小题2分，满分40分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AGalaxy saw a man and a woman who communicated with the sign language at the train station when she was on the way home one evening. She noticed that the woman asked the man for the direction. He told her that he did not know. Galaxy decided to help them. She had learned the sign language when she served as a volunteer in the deaf and mute （聋哑） school. Then she showed the woman the direction and left her email address to them in case they needed her help later.She received an email from that man the next day. Kazrim was his name. Galaxy replied his mail sincerely，They both started chatting online soon after and began seeing each other. Although they only communicated with the sign language, it never bothered her.Galaxy was fond of him gradually. Obviously, Kazrim was the same too. He presented Galaxy with a bunch of sunflowers and asked her sincerely, “Are you willing to be my girlfriend?”Galaxy was pleasantly surprised. She requested him to give her some time to persuade her parents.As she had expected，her parents were very angry after they had learned of their love story.Galaxy explained，“Kazrim is an excellent and a very optimistic person. He has a very positive attitude towards life and work. He cares for others always. He is 100 better than the normal. Moreover, the mute is still a human. He should possess a perfect and wonderful love. ”Her parents asked to see him，then. The very worried Galaxy took Kazrim home a few days later. When they were on the train，Kazrim told her,“Im going to tell your parents that Ill be looking after you well with all my life!” Galaxy was deeply moved.As soon as they had entered the house，Galaxy introduced him to her parents. She said,“This is Kazrim. ”Just right after her speech，an unbelievable thing happened. Kazrim threw the gift away and held her in his arms tightly.He said. “YOU CAN TALK?”It was the same question that Galaxy wanted to ask，too.The four people were shocked all of a sudden. As a matter of fact, Kazrim always believed that Galaxy was a mute and he still fell in love with her deeply.1. How did Galaxy and Kazrim get to know each other?A. They met each other by chance.B. They were introduced to each otherC. They once studied at the same university.D. They both served in a special needs school.2. How did Galaxy probably communicate with Kazrim before she took him home?A. Writing words on paper.B. Using the sign language.C. Judging from his expression.D. Speaking her native language.3. What did Galaxy expect her parents to do?A. To have a talk with Kazrim.B. To prepare for her marriage.C. To treat Kazrim as a normal man.D. To accept Kazrim as her boyfriend.4. What can we learn about the two young people from the passage?A. They fell in love at the first sight.B. They cheated each other to win love.C. They mistook each other for being mutes.D. They ignored the anger of Galaxys parents.【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C【解析】试题分析：文章介绍Galaxy是在回家的火车上无意中遇到的Kazrim。他们互相错误的认为对方是聋哑人。但是通过交流两人爱上了对方。Galaxy希望父母能接受Kazrim做她的男朋友。当和父母见面的时候，他们才惊喜的发现他们并不是聋哑人。【1题详解】细节题。结合第一段内容可知Galaxy是在回家的火车上无意中遇到的Kazrim。选A。【2题详解】推断题。结合Although they only communicated with the sign language可知他们是用肢体语言交流的。答案是B。【3题详解】推断题。结合“Are you willing to be my girlfriend?” Galaxy was pleasantly surprised. She requested him to give her some time to persuade her parents. 可知Galaxy希望父母能接受Kazrim做她的男朋友。答案是D。【4题详解】推断题。结合It was the same question that Galaxy wanted to ask, too.和Kazrim always believed that Galaxy was a mute可知他们互相错误的认为对方是聋哑人。答案D。考点：考查故事类短文BEnvelope BudgetFrom McDonalds to Sonic, fast food had a bad effect on my waistline and my budget. It was nothing to run to a drive-through to pick up a cold drink or a quick bite to eat. It was so easy to use my card for a small purchase. For me, I got a lot of satisfaction from fast food.One day I sat down and calculated that I was spending a surprising $40 a week on fast food. This was a lot of iced coffee and hamburgers! Instead of reducing my guilty pleasures, I decided to give myself a strong budget to reduce my consumption. Every Monday I placed an envelope with $20 in my purse. That was my fast food budget for the entire week. If there was anything left over at the end of the week, it was mine to save or spend. If I spent all of the money during the week, there were no more fast food stops that week.The budget made me more mindful of my purchases. Instead of purchasing a large drink from Sonic I would purchase a small. It was sill satisfying but not nearly as pricey. Instead of eating a whole meal, I would pick the part that I actually wanted. Many days, the thought of hanging onto the money for a special purpose meant more to me than the instant satisfaction of fast food. I never really felt unhappy because it was a conscious choice to spend or save with each purchase.Envelope budget kept me honest. I had a clear idea how much money was spent each week on fast food purchases. I started to bring my lunches more often to save more money for the week. It was a fun challenge to see how much I could save every week.Changing the way I spent on fast food not only helped my budget, but improved my weight. In the first month I was able to get rid of 5 pounds by simply changing the way I approached spending on fast food. Now I am more likely to bring my lunch than to buy it. I am not upset, but empowered to make positive choices to improve my life.5. According to Paragraph 1, the author _.A. was fond of fast food very muchB. had no time to cook for herselfC. lived with a small amount of moneyD. got some benefits from using her card6. The author set her envelope budget to _.A. buy fast food at a good bargainB. save money to buy more fast foodC. get rid of the habit of eating fast foodD. make fast food spending under control7. We can infer from the last paragraph that _.A. it is unusual to make some changesB. the budget means a pressure on lifeC. envelope budget is good for healthD. it is hard to enjoy a healthy lifestyle8. What is the passage mainly about?A. Why the author became addicted to fast food.B. How envelope budget changed the authors life.C. How fast food controlled the authors behavior.D. Why the author took envelope budget seriously.【答案】5. A 6. D 7. C 8. B【解析】本文为记叙文。文章讲述了作者因为在快餐上消费太多，不仅体重增加而且花费太多的钱，因此决定改变这种情况。他每周放进信封20元钱作为购买快餐的费用，这样限制了购买快餐的费用但是并没有让她感到不快乐，并因此做出积极乐观的选择改善自己的生活。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中的For me，I got a lot of satisfaction from fast food可知，作者从快餐中会得到满足感，推知他十分喜欢快餐。故A选项正确。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中的That was my fast food budget for the entire week. If there was anything left over at the end of the week, it was mine to save or spend. If I spent all of the money during the week, there were no more fast food stops that week.可推断，作者设定了她的信封预算，以控制快餐支出。故D选项正确。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Changing the way I spent on fast food not only helped my budget, but improved my weight.可知，作者通过经济预算，这个不但减少了快餐开支，更改善了体重。由此我们推断，信封预算对健康有好处。故C选项正确。【8题详解】推理判断题。由全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了信封预算是如何改变作者生活的，作者通过设置信封预算，改变过去在快餐上花费过多的生活方式，不仅节省了花费而且增进了健康，懂得了做出积极的选择，改善了生活。故B选项正确。CA warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good nights sleep But now a study has found it really does help people nod offif it is milked from a cow at night.Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin(褪黑激素), which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.The study, by researchers from Seoul, South Korea, involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night.Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime, according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food.Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer.While the effect of cows milk harvested at different times has not been tested on humans up to now, taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night.Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content, which helps people to relax.Milk is also sugar-free and additive-free with nutritionists recommending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening. The more fat you take in before bedtime, the greater burden you will put on your body at night.9. According to the text, the mice fed with daytime milk _.A. started sleep more easily.B. were less active.C. were more anxious.D. woke up later.10. Which of the following is TRUE of melatonin according to the text?A. Its used in sleeping drugs.B. It exists in milk in great amount.C. It can make people more energetic.D. Its been tested on mice for ten years.11. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Milk Drinking and HealthB. Fat, Sugar and HealthC. An Experiment on MiceD. Night Milk and Sleep12. How does the author support the theme of the text?A. By giving examples.B. By providing research results.C. By explaining statistical data.D. By stating arguments.【答案】9. C 10. A 11. D 12. B【解析】试题分析：本文讲的是晚上喝牛奶和睡眠的关系。【9题详解】C 推理判断题。根据第四段第一句Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime,可知晚上喂牛奶的那些老鼠比白天喂牛奶的那些更不活跃，更不焦虑，故推知白天喂牛奶的那些更焦虑。故选C。【10题详解】A 推理判断题。根据第二段Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin(褪黑激素), which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.可知，含有更多褪黑激素的晚上牛奶被证明帮助人们感到睡意，减少焦虑，故褪黑激素是用来睡觉的。故选A。【11题详解】D 主旨大意题。综合全文可知，本文讲的是晚上喝牛奶和睡眠之间的关系，故选D。【12题详解】B 推理判断题。根据前三段But now a study has found it really does help people nod offif it is milked from a cow at night.一项研究表明；Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin(褪黑激素), which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.研究者已经发现晚上牛奶包含更多的褪黑激素，； The study, by researchers from Seoul, South Korea, involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night. 来自首尔的研究者可知，作者是通过提供研究结果来支持文章主题的。故选B。考点：考查健康类阅读【名师点睛】主旨大意题的解题思路与应试技巧做这类题时常用略读法。快速阅读文章找出各个段落的主题句。把各个段落的主题句联系起来着眼于全文结构安排，了解文章的重心，就能概括出文章的中心。文章的标题是中心思想最精炼的表达形式，选择的标题意义范围要能涵盖全文，不能太大也不能太小。命题者在出这类题时，常常利用生活常识编造干扰项，把文中的细节当主旨，利用局部信息编造干扰项，编制超出文章范围的标题或不能涵盖文章中心意义的标题来考查考生的理解程度，考生要特别留意。概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词。) 。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。此时，要注意一些转折词，如but, yet, however, although, in spite of, by contrast, on the contrary等。当文章中表示相反的观点时，往往用到这些词。答题时要弄清哪个是作者的观点，排除迷惑性信息，准确归纳主旨大意。DAll around the world, shoppers flock to Wal-Mart to buy everything. In Texas, they come for another reason: to see the wind turbine（涡轮机）, which supplies 5% of the stores electricity. It along with other facilities, such as exterior walls coated with heat-reflective paint, makes this Wal-Mart a green giant.The laws of economics suggest that Wal-Mart, with 5, 200 stores worldwide, influences everything including the price of all kinds of goods. It throws its weight behind environmental responsibility, and the impact could be amazing. “One little change in product packaging could save 1, 500 trees,” says Wal-Mart CEO Lee Scott“If everybody saves 1, 500 trees or 50 barrels of oil, at the end of the day you have made a huge difference.”Scott wants Wal-Mart to do its part too. He has promised to cut the existing greenhouse-gas emissions（排放）over the next few years and promised to construct new stores that are more efficient. He wants Wal-Marts fleet of more than 7, 000 trucks to get twice as many miles per gallon by 2020. Factories that show Wal-Mart theyre cutting air pollution will get preferential treatment in the supply chain. Wal-Mart says its working with consumer-product manufacturers to reduce their packaging and will reward them if they do so.Some people may doubt it is a bid to attract attention from Wal-Marts controversial labor and health-insurance practices. But its not just window dressing, because Wal-Mart sees profits in going green. Scott says, “_13_We dont go where we dont think theres a great interest in change.”Like Bill Gates, who started his charitable foundation, Scott happens to be promoting Wal-Marts image at a time when his companys reputation is declining. He acknowledges that he launched the plan partly to shield （保护）Wal-Mart from bad press about its contribution to global warming. “By doing what were doing today, we avoid the headline risks that are going to come for people who did not do anything,” he says. “At some point businesses will be held responsible for the action they take.” Meanwhile, should Wal-Mart succeed at shrinking its environmental footprint and lowering prices for green products, both the planet and the company will profit.13. We can infer from the passage that _.A. Lee Scott is Wal-Marts CEOB. there are 5, 200 stores in the worldC. Wal-Mart has a great influence on the world marketD. Wal-Mart has more than 7, 000 trucks all over the world14. What does the underlined sentence “This is a business philosophy, not a social philosophy.” mean in the fourth paragraph?A. Wal-Mart predicts huge profits in its green activity.B. Wal-Marts green activity is just window dressing.C. Wal-Mart aims to solve its health-insurance practices.D. Wal-Mart doesnt have any social responsibility at all.15. What will Wal-Mart probably do in the future?A. Reduce air pollution in its present stores.B. Give favorable treatment to its consumers.C. Ask the factories to reduce their packaging.D. Demand the fleet of trucks to use more fuel than before.16. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?A. Provide the background of the green plan.B. Stress the purpose of Wal-Marts green plan.C. Present the risk that Wal-Mart is facing nowadays.D. Analyze the similarity between Bill Gates and Scott.【答案】13. C 14. A 15. A 16. B【解析】试题分析：本文讲述了沃尔玛公司将在环保方面做出的一系列的行动，并具体解释了沃尔玛公司这样做的原因。【13题详解】C 推理题。根据文章第二段The laws of economics suggest that Wal-Mart, with 5, 200 stores worldwide, influences everything including the price of all kinds of goods可知沃尔玛对世界有很大的影响，因为它的分店分布在世界各地。故C正确。【14题详解】A 推理题。根据本句前一句because Wal-Mart sees profits in going green可知沃尔玛在绿色环保方面看到了新的利润所在，也就是说进行绿色环保方面的行动可以在利润方面得到补充。故A正确。【15题详解】A 推理题。根据文章最后一段Meanwhile, should Wal-Mart succeed at shrinking its environmental footprint and lowering prices for green products, both the planet and the company will profit可知沃尔玛要在绿色环保方面做出更多的努力。4个选项中只有A项是与环保有关的内容，故A正确。【16题详解】B 段落大意题。根据文章最后一段Scott happens to be promoting Wal-Marts image at a time when his companys reputation is decliningHe acknowledges that he launched the plan partly to shield （保护，庇护） Wal-Mart from bad press about its contribution to global warming By doing what were doing today, we avoid the headline risks that are going to come for people who did not do anything, he says可知沃尔玛这样做是为了维护公司形象，最终的目的还是为了获得利润。故本段是为了说明沃尔玛这一计划的目的。故B正确。考点：考察环境保护类短文阅读EAre some people born clever, and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experiences? Strangely enough, the answer to both these questions is yes. To some extent our intelligence is given to us at birth, and no amount of special education can make a genius out of a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied surroundings. Thus the limits of a persons intelligence are fixed at birth, but whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment. This view, now held by most experts, can be supported in a number of ways.It is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent something we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be in intelligence. Thus if we take two unrelated people at random (随机地) from the population, it is likely that their degrees of intelligence will be completely different. If on the other hand we take two identical (完全相同的) twins they will very likely be as intelligent as each other. Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have similar intelligence, and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth.Imagine now that we take two identical twins and put them in different environments. We might send one, for example, to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring. We would soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this indicates that environment as well as birth plays a part. This conclusion is also suggested by the fact that people who live in close contact with each other, but who are not related at all, are likely to have similar degrees of intelligence.17. Which of these sentences best describes the writers point in Para. 1?A. To some extent, intelligence is given at birth.B. Intelligence is developed by the environment.C. Some people are born clever and others born stupid.D. Intelligence is fixed at birth, but is developed by the environment.18. It is suggested in this passage that _A. unrelated people are not likely to have different intelligenceB. close relations usually have similar intelligenceC. the closer the blood relationship between people, the more different they are likely to be in intelligenceD. people who live in close contact with each other are not likely