安徽省皖南八校2020届高三英语上学期第一次联考试题（含解析）

安徽省皖南八校2020届高三上学期第一次联考英语试题2020.10考生注意：1.本试卷由四个部分组成。满分150分，考试时间120分钟。2.答题前，考生务必将密封线内项目填写清楚。考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上。必须在题号所指示的答题区域作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上答题无效。3.命题范围：高考范围。第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节 （共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt?A. 19.15 B. 9.18 C. 9.15答案是C1. What did the man order finally?A. Two pies B. Two coffees C. Two coffees and two pies2. Which sport does the man play most frequently?A. Baseball B. Football C. Volleyball3. Why did the woman make the call?A. To buy a dogB. To ask for helpC. To say thank you to the man4. What is mentioned in the dialogue?A. A book B. A film C. A piece of music5. Where does Michael live now?A. In Los Angeles B. In Washington C. In Las Vegas第二节 （共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6. How is the man?A. Ill B. Tired C. Not well7. How many times had Henry been to the countryside before?A. Never B. Once C. Twice听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8. What does the man think of the dorm?A. Dirty B. Clean C. Large9. What advice does the woman give?A. Cleaning the dorm once a semesterB. Having the dorm cleaned every dayC. Tidying the dorm instead of attending class听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.What is the relationship between the two speakers?A. Father and daughterB. Teacher and studentC. Employer and employee11. What does Mary want to do first?A. Get a decent job B. Get the chords right C. Finish her homework12. What will Mary do next month?A. Buy a houseB. Attend important examsC. Join the “Dream Discs” band听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13. Where are the speakers?A. In a hotel B. At a restaurant C. In a travel agency14. What was wrong with the bill?A. The figure of 5.50 in it appeared three timesB. A certain dish in it was mistaken for anotherC. The man was charged twice for the same thing in it15. Who made the mistake?A. The cashier B. The waitress C. The customer16. How does the man pay the bill?A. With a credit cardB. With travelers chequesC. With cash in the local currency听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17. What should be the advantage of living in cities?A. Fresher airB. More honest peopleC. More job opportunities18. What is a problem with the city life?A. Heavy trafficB. Changeable weatherC. Crowded department stores19. How is the life in the countryside?A. Modern B. Noisy C. Quiet20. What can people enjoy in the countryside?A. Climbing the hillsB. Going to the parksC. Shopping in big department stores第二部分 阅读理解第一节 （共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。AHere are some of the best museums in America that parents can choose from for an educational trip.Boston Childrens MuseumLocation: MassachusettsThe exhibits here are of health, art, science, culture and environmental awareness. In this museum, children also learn about Japanese culture and house of silk merchant. Activities like Play Lab, New Balance Climb and The Recycle Shop bring out the creativity in children.Childrens Museum of HoustonTermed as the best playground for mind, this museum offers scores of activities for kids of every age. It even offers free family adventure events where families with their toddlers or kids are encouraged to work on math activities and games. Children also learn about broadcasting activities and preserving ecosystems.Minnesota Childrens MuseumLocation: MinnesotaThis museum is located at St. Pauls and kids find themselves immersed in a world of smart play. Here activities like exploring natural habitats of animals are undertaken. Kids also paint their faces, play with finger puppets and at the same time, appreciate learning forms.These museums have surely taken us down to the memory lane where we once went and explored, laughed and enjoyed our trip. These creative institutions are a best way to instill learning ideas, crate experiences and develop little curious minds. Active learning takes place when the minds are engaged. These children centered institutions rightly cater to the needs of the young ones.1. Where is Boston Childrens Museum located?A. In Texas B. In AlaskaC. In Massachusetts D. In Minnesota2. Where should you to go let your kids explore natural habitats of animals?A. Boston Childrens MuseumB. Minnesota Childrens MuseumC. Museum for American ChildrenD. Childrens Museum of Houston3. Who is the text mainly written for?A. School childrenB. Sports loversC. School teachersD. Parents with small kids【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D【解析】本文属于广告类文章。主要介绍了三个博物馆给有小孩子的父母选择。1. 细节理解题。根据“Boston Childrens Museum”中的Location: Massachusetts，可知Boston Childrens Museum”在Massachusetts，故选C2. 细节理解题。根据Minnesota Childrens Museum中的Here activities like exploring natural habitats of animals are undertaken.。可知想让孩子探索动物的自然栖息地要去Minnesota Childrens Museum，故选B。【名师点睛】细节的理解。文章细节的理解可以细化为：（1）一一对应型。答案与题目在表达形式和意义上直接吻合，一一对应，一目了然。（2）语言转述型。这是一类间接事实细节题，答案与题目在意义上运用了词义之间的转述关系，即正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的另一种表达（3）语意理解型。这是一类深层事实细节理解题，答案与题目之间存在着一定的逻辑联系，这种联系需要建立在事实的基础上通过上、下文来进行判断、分析、归纳和整合，才能得出正确答案。（4）是非辨别型。这是一类综合事实细节题，出题形式常常是“三正一误”或“三误一正”（5）事实排序型。3. 【解题剖析】此题属于细节理解中的语意理解型。这是一类深层事实细节理解题，答案与题目之间存在着一定的逻辑联系，这种联系需要建立在事实的基础上通过上、下文来进行判断、分析、归纳和整合，才能得出正确答案。【答案定位】根据第一段的第一句“Here are some of the best museums in America that parents can choose from for an educational trip.”这里有一些美国最好的博物馆供家长选择进行教育的旅行。及三个博物馆的名字“Boston Childrens Museum”、“Childrens Museum of Houston”和“Minnesota Childrens Museum”。可推断出是给有小孩的家长看的。【推理关系】题Who is the text mainly written for文章内容Here are some of the best museums in America that parents can choose from for an educational trip.【答案】parents can choose from for an educational trip，及“Boston Childrens Museum”、“Childrens Museum of Houston”和“Minnesota Childrens Museum”D选项Parents with small kids.BHuman brains begin growing and developing at a very young age. They learn from the simplest experiences ,which enable your children to be aware of the world. Theres no denying that outdoor play helps a lot!Times when children have to wait for their turns on playground equipment and following the playground rules by sharing, all these form components of healthy social-emotional development. Young children develop their social-emotional skills through practice and small steps over time.As parents or caregivers, it is fairly simple to support your childs social-emotional skills. Acts like holding him, touching him, and speaking to him and giving him loving care and attention are all helping factors. When you allow them freedom to play, it is important to follow their interests in helping build their social-emotional skills.Difficulties in social-emotional skills can often lead to children having trouble when playing with other children. Becoming easily angry or not empathizing(理解)with other children are all signs that may point in this direction. This can in turn lead to them not empathizing with the needs of other children.As for the development of cognitive(认知的)skills, these develop through practice and opportunity over time. And while some cognitive skills may be genetic, most are learned through real life situations. In other words, learning and thinking skills can be improved through experiences.To enable them to learn, it is important that we are mindful of what our children are interested in. And this realization is only set in place once the child is given enough and time to grow and explore.Depriving children of such experiences can mean that they might struggle with higher-level thinking skills. And while it is normal to keep them safe, we forget that by rushing them and cutting down on play time, were actually causing more harm than good.4. What can playing with other children greatly help children do?A. Learn from other childrenB. Develop their social emotionC. Promote their personal hobbiesD. Help them to control their emotion5. What usually brings trouble to a child while playing with other children?A. Not understanding othersB. Caring too much about othersC. Lacking social emotional skillsD. Being more selfish than selfless6. What does the underlined word “depriving” in the last paragraph mean?A. Taking away B. Providing forC. Referring to D. Focusing on7. What is the main purpose of the text?A. To call on us to promotes childrens interestB. To show us the importance of social emotionsC. To tell us how to improve childrens social emotionsD. To persuade parents to allow their children to play outdoors【答案】4. B 5. C 6. A 7. D【解析】 本文属于社会类问题。通过分析户外玩耍对孩子的成长的利与弊，劝说家长让孩子在户外玩耍。4. B推理判断题。根据第二段中的最后一句“Young children develop their social-emotional skills through practice and small steps over time.”及第三段最后一句“When you allow them freedom to play, it is important to follow their interests in helping build their social-emotional skills.” 通过这两句可推断出当孩子们玩耍时可帮助他们培养社会情感技能，故远B。5. C细节理解题。根据第四段的第一句“Difficulties in social-emotional skills can often lead to children having trouble when playing with other children.” 社交情感技巧的困难常常会导致孩子与其他孩子玩耍时有困难。而社会情感技巧的困难即是缺乏社交情感技巧导致孩子难以与别的孩子一起玩，故选C。6. A猜测词义题。倒数第二段最后一句“. And this realization is only set in place once the child is given enough and time to grow and explore.” 只有孩子得到足够的时间和成长和探索，这种认识才会到位。最后一段最后一句“by rushing them and cutting down on play time, were actually causing more harm than good.” 通过减少他们玩的时间，我们实际上造成的伤害大于好处。可知如果不让孩子玩即剥夺了孩子玩耍的时间会造成更多的伤害，故deprive指的是take away，带走，剥夺。故选A【名师点睛】主旨大意型每篇文章都会有一个主旨大意。此题型要求考生分析文章的篇章结构在理解文章后归纳文章要点，概括中心思想。抓住文章的开头或结尾，从而找出能概括文章的主题句。概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括。要注意不是所有的段落都有主题句，有时主题句暗含在句中。阅读这样的文章，就需要自己根据文章的细节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出文章的主旨。分析的方法是：先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。7. D【解题剖析】此题属于主旨大意中的一一主旨类。答案需要看第二段的最后一句找主题句。【答案定位】根据1)第一段最后一句“Theres no denying that outdoor play helps a lot!” 无可否认，户外运动（对孩子的大脑成长）有很大帮助。2)第二段最后一句“Young children develop their social-emotional skills through practice and small steps over time.”社交情感技能是通过玩形成的。3)最后一段最后一句“by rushing them and cutting down on play time, were actually causing more harm than good.”减少孩子玩的时间弊大于利。分析这三句可知文章的主要目的是劝说父母允许孩子在户外玩耍。【推理关系】题干What is the main purpose of the text? 文章内容（中心句）【答案】1)outdoor play helps a lot;2) develop their social-emotional skills through practice; by rushing them and cutting down on play time, were actually causing more harm than good. D选项To persuade parents to allow their children to play outdoorsCHe was there every morning, sitting motionless on the front steps of his house. In the morning light, I could see the shadows that were etched(蚀刻)deep within the lines surrounding his eyes.Each morning I walked this route with my daughter to her kindergarten class. We were new to the neighborhood so that I didnt know many of my neighbors. On one beautiful autumn morning, as we passed his house, my daughter called out to him, “Hi, Mr. Man!” Always the outgoing child, I wasnt surprised at her enthusiasm. But her cheerfulness soon faded when the man didnt look at her and say “Hi” back.As we continued on our walk to school, my daughter asked why the man didnt want to say hi to her. Because I didnt have an answer, I said simply, “Maybe he is having a bad day.” later I knew that Bob lost his wife in a car accident.A few days later, as we approached Bobs house on our way to school, my daughter called out “Hi Mr. Man!” and as usual, he didnt respond. But then she ran onto his front lawn and picked up a beautiful red autumn leaf. She continued up one step and handed it to him. I held my breath.As she skipped back to me, she said, “See you tomorrow, Mr. Man!” This time, he acknowledged her. In a soft gentle voice, he tanked her and said, “See you tomorrow.”From then on, Bob and my daughter exchanged greeting each morning. Our friendship with Bob continued for many years. But, the sweetest day is when Bob attended my daughters high school graduation. Bob gave my daughter a gift-a book on identifying various plants and trees. There, tucked in the pages that described an oak tree, was the leaf my daughter had given to Mr. Man when they first met. He had dried and pressed it and kept it all those years.8. What puzzled the girl?A. The cause of the mans sadnessB. The shadows in the mans eyesC. The mans sitting still on the stepsD. The mans not answering her greeting9. How did the author feel when his daughter gave the red leaf to the man?A. Proud B. NervousC. Embarrassed D. Comfortable10. Why did Bob keep that little red leaf?A. It was a care from a girlB. It was a symbol of enthusiasmC. It was a reminder of his painful daysD. It represented the knowledge of trees11. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. A Simple Red Leaf B. A Strange NeighborC. An Unusual Friend D. A Greeting From A girl【答案】8. D 9. B 10. A 11. A【解析】 本文属于故事类文章。作者的女儿是一个活泼外向的女孩子，看到了悲伤的Bob，主动打招呼，却没有得到回应。后来知道了这个男人的悲伤，于是送给他一片红秋叶，温暖了他，从此开始了他们之间的友谊。这告诉我们人在悲伤时一个小小的善意的举动能变一个人的痛苦。8. D细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“my daughter asked why the man didnt want to say hi to her.” 我女儿问为什么那个男人不想跟她打招呼。分析此句可知女孩对于那个男人不和她打招呼很困惑。故选D。9. B10. A推理判断题。根据文中所述可知Bob在车祸中失去妻子之后，心情极度低落，而作者的女儿却与他打招呼，即使他没有反应，甚至于送给他一片红色的秋叶，这一切都表达了小姑娘对他的关心，故选A。11. A主旨大意题。根据文章的叙述是作者的女儿送给Bob一片红色的秋叶才打破了僵局，也温暖了Bob的心。所以最好的标题是A。DIf you want to slow aging, you might want to eat less. This finding is good news-if you were a mouse. The researchers studied mice, not people.John Price and other researchers studied two groups of mice. One group was able to eat as much as it wanted. The researchers limited what the mice in the other group ate. Their diet had 35 percent fewer calories than the first group of mice.Price says the mice with the diet restrictions were “more energetic and suffered fewer disease.” They were not just living longer but seemed to stay younger for a longer period of time.The researchers found that fewer calories slow down a natural mechanism in cells called ribosomes. Price explains that ribosomes are responsible for making important proteins in the cells. But with fewer calories, they slow down. This gives the cells more time to repair themselves.The researchers say ribosomes use from 10 to 20 percent of the cells energy to make those proteins. Price wrote that “because of this, it is impractical to destroy an entire ribosome” when it starts to break down. However, “repairing individual parts of the ribosome on a regular basis enables ribosomes to continue producing high quality proteins for longer than they would otherwise. This top quality production, in turn, keeps cells and the entire body functioning well.”Price said, “ribosome is a very complex machine, like a car.” They need “maintenance to replace the parts that wear out the fastest. When tires wear out,” he explained, “you dont throw the whole car away and buy a new one. It costs less to replace the old tires.”“Food,” he said, “isnt just material to be burned-its a signal that tells our body and cells how to respond.” Price said the findings help to explain how exactly our bodies age. And this may “help us make more educated decisions about what we eat.”12. What can we know about the mice with limited calories from the study?A. They can keep healthy easilyB. They need more energy to be activeC. They can look younger than they areD. They will live a longer life like humans13. What will happen to ribosomes if there are fewer calories?A. They will completely break downB. They make proteins in the cells slowlyC. They will produce high quality proteins moreD. They may need more time to repair themselves14. Price explained the ribosomes role of repairing themselves by _.A. telling a storyB. listing basic dataC. making comparisonsD. experimenting on mice15. What does the text mainly deal with?A. Food decides how long you liveB. Can you slow down your aging process?C. Eating less may help you live longerD. Should your diet be reduced for your health?【答案】12. A 13. B 14. C 15. C【解析】 本文属于科技与发明类。主要介绍了通过在老鼠身上所作的实验，发现减少食物有利于身体建康，让人更长寿。12. A推理判断题。根据第三段“the mice with the diet restrictions were “more energetic and suffered fewer disease”饮食限制的老鼠更精力充沛，患疾病的几率也更小。根据句意可知限制饮食的老鼠更健康，故选A。13. B推理判断题。根据第四段句意：研究人员发现更少的热量减慢了称为核糖体的细胞的自然机制。 Price说明核糖体负责制造细胞中重要的蛋白质。但是热量越少，它们就制造的速度越慢。分析本句可知核糖体在细胞中制造蛋白质的速度减慢了。故选B。14. 推理判断题。根据第六段：普赖斯说：“核糖体是一个非常复杂的机器，就像一辆汽车。”他们需要“维修”来替换最快磨损的部件。“当轮胎磨损时，”他解释道，“你不要把车全扔掉，买一辆新的。”。更换旧轮胎成本较低。” 普赖斯把核糖体比作是一辆非常复杂的汽车， 可知是通过比较的，故选C。15. D主旨大意题。根据第一段可知想要年轻就要少吃。第三段限制食物的老鼠要更活跃更健康。及最后一段这可能会“帮助我们对我们所吃的东西做出更多的教育决定”。可知为了建康应该减少食物。故选D。第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Tips To Boost Your Confidence_16_Here are some solutions to boost your confidence in the long run.Always think positivelyWe all have negative voices inside our head. _17_Start out slowly and push yourself to think of three good things about yourself every morning._18_Take the time to look within yourself and asses what is possible to change and what is out of reach. It is important to focus on changing the things you have control over, because this is where you will see the most self-improvement. Make a list of three things that you would like to improve on and then under each item write a few bullet pints on how you will go about making this change.Focus on the small steps for signs of improvement.Make sure to focus on smaller victories. It is often harder for individuals to see their own self improvement when