高二英语Unit6 Life in the future知识精讲 新课标 人教版

高二英语Unit6 Life in the future知识精讲【Part 3 Typical Problems 典题欣赏】1“When shall we meet again?”“Make it _day you like; its all the same to me.”A. oneB. anyC. anotherD. some【题解】选B。one day意为“一天”；any day意为“任何一天”；another day意为“另外一天”；some day意为“某一天”。后半句意为“对我来说都一样(无所谓)”可看出，要表达的意思是“你愿意的任何一天”。2.Ill look into the matter as soon as possible. Just have a little_.A. waitB. timeC. patienceD. rest【题解】选C。wait意为“等待”；time意为“时间”；patience意为“耐心”；rest意为“休息”。本句意思是“我将尽快处理此事。请有点耐心。”3Heres my card. Lets keep in_.A. touchB. relationC. connectionD. friendship【题解】选A。该题考查习惯用语。Keep in touch(with sb.),意为“（与某人）保持联系”。4I have to finish my homework instead _.A. to go outB. of to go outC. of go outD. of going out【题解】选D。 instead of为介词短语，后接动名词。5.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.A. to seeB. to be seenC. seeingD. seen【题解】选B。句意“在国外旅游对老两口当然很好，但仍需看他们玩得是否愉快。”动词remain后的不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，形式主语it及其代表的主语从句(whetherit)在语义上是see的宾语，故必须用see的被动式。6_, you must tell me the truth, then Ill find a way to help you to get out of trouble.A. At firstB. In allC. After allD. First of all【题解】选D。first of all=above all表示“首先”“首要的是”，本句强调的是“说出真情”至关重要，只有这样才能找到帮助你的办法。而并不仅仅表示一种先后关系。7.They shouldnt allow_in this street.A. parkingB. to parkC. to be parkedD. park【题解】选A。allow后应跟名词、动名词或代词作宾语，跟不定式时，allow要用被动式。8I can hardly know _ so complex a matter in such a case.A. how to do withB. what to do withC. what to deal withC. how dealing with【题解】选B。deal本身是不及物动词，因此常和副词how连用，句式为how to deal with;do本身是及物动词，what为其宾语，故B为正确答案。9.Dont worry. Work hard and youll succeed _.A. in timeB. on timeC. ahead of timeD. at times【题解】选A。句意“别着急，努力工作你会成功的”。in time除“及时”之外，还有“迟早”之意，相当于sooner or later。10Mother is _ us dinner. We may wash our hands and _ the meal.A. preparing; prepareB. preparing; prepare forC. preparing for; prepareC. preparing; prepare【题解】选B。prepare sb. sth. 意为“为某人准备某物”；prepare for sth.意为“为做好准备”。【Part 4 Grammar Items 语法指南】名词性从句（二）A.主语从句“四难点”主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。一、主语从句与强调句的比较为了避免句子的头重脚轻，常将that引导的主语从句放在后面，用it作形式主语代替主语从句。引导主语从句的词有连词that、whether；疑问代词who、what、which；疑问副词when、where、how、why等。而强调句型则是对句子的某一部分进行强调，其句型结构为：“It is(was)+被强调部分+that+句子的其他成分”。这里值得注意的是：无论强调句中的哪一部分，通常都用连词that。当被强调部分指人时，也偶见用who或whom。因此，同学们很容易将主语从句与强调句混淆。判断一句话是否为强调句的关键是：试着将句中的“It is(was)that”这一部分去掉，经整理剩下的部分还是一句完整的句子，那么这就是强调句。如：It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film.（去掉“It isthat”后，所剩部分不成一句话，故本句不是强调句，而是that引导的主语从句。）It was in the morning that the murder took pleace.（去掉“It wasthat”）经整理后句子完整：The murder took place in the morning.(故本句为强调句，强调主语。)二、用it作形式主语的结构。1.It is+名词+从句，如：It is a pity that my new computer doesnt work.It is a great pleasure that you are here.2.It is+形容词+从句，如：It is necessary thet you complete the design before National Day.It is certain that prices will go down.3.It is+过去分词+从句，如：It is believed that he will go to a key university after three years hard work.It is said that the sports meet will be put off.4.It+不及物动词+从句，如：It happened that the weather was exceptionally cold.It appears that he followed my advice.三、主语从句不可位于句首的四种情况1It is+said/reported结构中的主语从句一般不提前。如：It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week.（此句正确）That president Jingo will visit our school next week is said.（此句错误）2.It happens，It occurs，结构中的主语从句不可提前。如：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.(此句正确)That he failed in the examination occurred to him.(此句错误)3.It doesnt matter how/whether结构中的主语从句不可提前。如：It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not.（此句正确）Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter.(此句错误)4.含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。如：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?(此句正确)Is it that it will rain in the evening likely?(此句错误)四、what与that引导主语从句的区别what引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、表语、宾语；而that则不然，仅起引导作用。如：What you said yesterday is right.(what在从句中作said的宾语)That she is still alive is a consolation.(That仅起引导主语从句的作用，不作句子成分)B名词性从句考点归纳句词性从句是高考英语的重要考点之一。通过对近几年高考英语试题的分析，我们可以看出名词性从句考点主要有以下六个方面：1.考查that与what的用法区别例1. _we cant get seems better than _ we have.A. What; whatB. What; thatC. That; thatD. That; what正确答案：A分析：在名词性从句中that与what的区别是：that在名词性从句中不做句子成分，只起连接作用；而what在名词性从句中不仅起连接作用，而且充当句子成分。句子的意思是：我们得不到的似乎比我们已经拥有的要好。此题考察了两个名词性从句：主语从句和宾语从句，what在这两个名词性从句中都作宾语。2考查it作形式主语和形式宾语。例2_is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A. ThereB. ThisC. ThatD. It正确答案：D分析：为了保持句子的平衡，往往用it作形式主语或形式宾语，而把真正的主语从句或宾语从句放到后面，尤其是that引导的从句往往用it作形式主语或形式宾语。此句可以改写为：That English is being accepted as an international language is a fact.3.考查名词性从句的语序例3The photographs will show you _.A. What does our village looks likeB. what our village looks likeC. how does our village look likeD. how our village looks like正确答案：B名词性从句就用陈述语序，再根据句型what does sb./sth. look like?所以选B。4考查whether与if的用法区别。例4_well camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. IfB. WhetherC. ThatD. Where正确答案：B分析：句意为：我们明天是否去野营要看天气而定。Whether与if(当“是否”讲时)的区别是：在引导宾语从句时两者可以互换，但在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时，以及介词后边的宾语从句或后面紧跟or not时，常用whether, 而不用if。例5What the doctors really doubt is_ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.A. ifB. thatC. whetherD. How正确答案：C分析：句意为：医生真正怀疑的是我母亲能否很快从病中恢复过来。Whether引导的是表语从句。5考查whoever与whomever的区别例6Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interests.A. anyoneB. whomeverC. whoeverD. no matter who正确答案：C分析：句意为：Sarah希望跟自己有共同爱好的人交朋友。注意whatever,whoever既可以引导名词从句也可以引导让步状语从句；no matter what/who只能引导让步状语从句。首先排除A和D，从句中需要的是主语，所以whomever错。6考查名词性从句的虚拟语气例7It is necessary that a college student _ at least one foreign language.A. mastersB. should masterC. masteredD. will master正确答案：B分析：句意为：大学生至少掌握一门外语是必要的。That引导的主语从句中谓语动词用的是虚拟语气。通常在以下一些名词性从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气：(1)表示建议、请求、命令、要求、坚持等及物动词(suggest, propose, insist, desire, demand, request, order, command)后边的宾语从句；(2)主语是上述动词的同根名词时的表语从句；(3)这些名词后边的同位语从句；(4)以上述动词的过去分词或necessary, important, essential, natural, vital等形容词作表语的主语从句。C名词性从句典型错误例析名词性从句是中学阶段必须掌握的语法内容，这里针对学生常犯的错误进行了归纳和分析，希望能对同学们有所帮助。(1)误：Where has he gone to be found out.正：Where he has gone is to be found out.简析：名词性从句应该用陈述语序。(2)误：He succeeded in the competition made each of us happy.正：That he succeeded in the competition made each of us happy.简析：that引导主语从句时，不能省略。(3)误：The problem is more and more young people are getting into the habit of smoking.正：The problem is that more and more young people are getting into the habit of smoking.简析：引导表语从句的that在书面语中不可省略。(4)误：If he is an engineer is unknown.正：Whether he is an engineer is unknown.简析：if不能用来引导主语从句，在表示“是否”这一意思的时候要用whether.(5)误：What she wants to know is if she should attend the conference.正：What she wants to know is whether she should attend the conference.简析：if不能引导表语从句，引导表语从句时要有whether.(6)误：At the meeting he raised a question if the project would be cancelled.正：At the meeting he raised a question whether the project would be put off.简析：if不能用来引导同位语从句。(7)误：It depends on if its going to rain.正：It depends on whether its going to rain.简析：if引导宾语从句时，不可以位于介词后面。(8)误：We expressed the hope which the Browns would come to China again.正：We expressed the hope that the Browns would come to China again.简析：hope后面的从句为同位语从句，不是定语从句。引导同位语从句不能用which，而要用that。（that在定语从句中通常做主语，宾语或表语；而同位语从句中不作任何成分。）(9)误：The reason why he failed the exam was because he was too careless.正：The reason why he failed in the exam was that he was too careless.简析：主语为reason时，引导表语从句的关联词一般用that，不用because.(10)误：No matter who comes to visit the exhibition is welcome.正：Whoever comes to visit the exhibition is welcome.分析：“no matter+疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句，“wh-+ever既可以引导让步状语从句，也可以引导名词性从句。”(11)误：What he needs are enough time and what I need is enough books.正：What he needs is enough time and what I need are enough books.简析：名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。但what引导主语从句时，若表语为单数名词或不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数；若表语为可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数。【语法专项训练】单项选择：1_you dont like him is none of my business.A. WhatB. WhoC. ThatD. Whether2.The foreign guests _ that no one would take the money.A. found it is strangeB. find a strange thing