高中英语Unit 3—Art and architecture（一）人教版知识精讲

高二英语Unit 3Art and architecture（一）人教版知识精讲【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：Unit 3Art and architecture（一）二. 重、难点1. 词汇掌握2. 词汇，短语的用法3. 课文难点句理解三. 知识总结与归纳（一）单元分析与学习建议1. 单元主题：艺术与建筑。现代建筑与传统建筑比较；艺术与建筑的发展；旧建筑的重新利用；家居布置等。2. 听力：一对夫妇在家具店与服务员的谈话，了解家居艺术品的材料和风格。3. 交际用语：表达个人的观点和偏爱。4. 阅读：（1）Modern Architecture：了解现代建筑的历史和特征；比较传统建筑与现代建筑；借鉴传统建筑美学特点的现代建筑。（2）A second life for factory 798：了解798军工厂的建筑风格；如何被重新利用成为艺术家的聚集地。（3）The function of art：了解艺术的社会功能.5. 语法：复习过去分词做宾语补足语的用法。6. 学习建议：运用构词知识，录音带和教材中的有关词汇的多种形式的练习来掌握和巩固所学的新单词。对于语法结构重在理解所表达的意思，理解练习和阅读材料中出现的含有这些结构的句子。作题时一定要先理解清楚题干的意思（语境），千万不要生套语法。阅读材料中的语言非常生动地道，一定要从多种角度进行精读。利用教材的朗读录音带练习口语，朗读和听力（二）词汇学习1. 运用构词知识判断下列单词的意思：heater; modernism; unnatural; unfriendly; create; aside; development; preference;architectarchitecture; constructconstruction; seashell; workshop; teahouse2. 单词归类：与建筑相关的词汇：architect; architecture; construct; construction; apartment; block; roof; cathedral; structure; furniture; heater; passage; concrete; balcony; stadium; rent建筑风格：style; modernism3. 根据句子的语境（上下文）判断划线词的意思：Visitors to the Olympic Games will be impressed by the design of the stadium.I cant stand his silly questions any more, especially when I am very busy.She tried to set aside some time every evening to read to her children.Will three oclock be convenient for you ? Sure. Im free this afternoon.John has just returned from a fantastic trip to Tibet in China.（三）一些重要单词，短语的用法1. stand：站立，忍受（用于疑问句，否定句，接名词，代词或doing）；处于某种状态。摊位Do you think he can stand this cold weather?I cant stand seeing children smoking.I never stand people telling me what to do.Often, these buildings are pulled down after having stood empty without use for many years.Few houses were left standing after the bombing raid.Come and find out more about the new car at our companys stand at the exhibition.掌握短语：stand for：象征，代表，意味着；His name is James B Clark. What does the B stand for?考虑在下列句子中stand for 的意思：I wouldnt stand for that sort of treatment if I were you.Before we vote for him, we want to know what he stands for.2. convenient：方便，便利，做表语时，主语是表示事物的名词。还可以做定语。表达“如果某人方便的话”：If（it is）convenient for/ to sb.It is also convenient to live close to your work.If quite convenient for you, I will visit you tomorrow morning.They invited me to visit their workshop at a convenient date.3. despite：不管，尽管，任凭；后面接名词（短语）；代词，不能接从句；although; though（连词）后面接从句，也可以接形容词，过去分词，动词-ing形式We understand him despite his strong accent.He came to the meeting despite his illness.Demand for these cars is high, despite their high price.4. belong：属于，是成员。常用短语：belong to（没有被动语态，不用进行式）What other materials belong to these group ?This book doesnt belong to me.He had taken some valuables belonging to others.China is a developing country, belonging to the third world.5. aside：在一边，到旁边。Stand aside and let these people pass.He took me aside to tell me of his illness.6. 以set为核心的常用短语：set aside; set up; set off（for）; set out; set about; set free注意下列句子中set短语的意思：The simple style of the buildings and the fact that they are German set them aside as very different from Chinese architecture.The sooner we set about the work, the sooner well finish.Setting aside my wishes in the matter, what would you really like to do ?They will set off for Tibet tomorrow.We set out to paint the whole house this morning but only the front at noon.Roadblocks were set up by the police to catch escaped prisoner.As part of the selection procedure, the board set up a situation to test the candidates ability to make decisions.7. 短语，句型补充：go against; act as; pull down; be decorated withIt looks as if+ 陈述句*A is to B what C is to D：比喻结构：A对B 而言就如同C 对 D 一样。例：Honey is to a bee what milk is to a cow.A net is to a fisherman what a gun is to a hunter.（四）课文难点句理解1. While in traditional architecture materials such as earth, stone, brick and wood are used, the materials of modern architecture are steel, glass and concrete.传统建筑使用土石和砖木等材料，而现代建筑的材料是钢铁，玻璃和混凝土等。注意：while：并列连词，表示对比。2. Despite the fact that he used traditional materials, Gaudi was a modern architect.尽管使用了传统的建筑材料，Gaudi仍是一位现代建筑师。注意：despite后接名词，that he used traditional materials是fact的同位语从句。3. Seen from the top, it looks as if the stadium is covered by a gray net of steel, and it looks just like a birds nest made of tree branches.从空中俯瞰，这座体育馆就好象被一张灰色的钢网罩住了似的。非常像树枝搭成的鸟巢。4. Often, these buildings are pulled down after having stood empty without use for many years.这些空空的大楼往往闲置几年以后就会被拆除了。注意：after having stood empty without use for many years：分词短语做时间状语。Stand在此是系动词后面接形容词，表示处于某种状态。5. They are decorated with small round windows that remind you of ships, bent roofs and twenty-foot high walls of glass that make them special when compared with other architecture from the same period.他们用小圆窗装点，这让人想到穹顶和20英尺高的玻璃墙，与同时期的其他建筑相比，风格非常独特。【典型例题】一. 单项选择1. The landlord told him to leave because he hadnt paid his _.A. due B. fee C. hireD. rent解析：D 因为没有付房租，房东要他搬走。2. _ the advances of science, the discomforts of old age will no doubt always be with us.A. As forB. ExceptC. DespiteD. Besides解析：C 尽管科技进步，年龄大所带来的不便仍然会毫无疑问地伴随着我们。3. The water could not flow freely because the pipe was _.A. blocked B. trappedC. loadedD. struck解析：A 水无法流动是因为管子堵了。4. My husbands sister is blind, but she can walk without a _.A. poleB. branchC. bambooD. stick解析：D她能不用拐杖走路。5. The photos on the wall _ my grandma of those happy, old days when a large family lived together.A. recallB. rememberC. memorizeD. remind解析：D墙上的照片使奶奶想起过去那些幸福的日子，那时大家都生活在一起。remindsb. of sth.：使某人回想起某事。6. By regulating your environment, you _ the expectation that learning will occur.A. createB. discover C. invent D. construct解析：A通过调节环境你能创造一种良好的学习气气氛。7. I try to _ a few minutes every day to do some exercises.A. set outB. set offC. set upD. set aside解析：D我每天尽量腾出时间来锻炼身体。set aside：拨出，留出8. Air is to us _ water is to fish, We should take measure to keep air and water clean.A. thatB. whichC. itD. what解析：D空气对于我们就像水对于鱼的意义。A is to B what C is to D：比喻结构：A对B 而言就如同C 对 D 一样二. 翻译句子1. 我都快冻死了，再等下去我可受不了了。2. 这家旅馆是我叔叔的，它建于1980年。3. 他每周都设法留出几美圆买书。4. 他特别地激动，眼里噙满了泪水。答案：1. I would be nearly frozen to death. I cant stand waiting any longer.2. The hotel belongs to my uncle. It was built in 1980.3. Each week he tried to set aside a few dollars for books.4. He was very excited, with his eyes filled up with tears.【模拟试题】（答题时间：60分钟）一. 单项选择1. The Suez Canal would soon _ mud if not regularly cleared.A. dies out B. use upC. fill up withD. die away2. He has never liked meat, and has always had a（n）_ for vegetables and fruit.A. perspirationB. feelingC. idea D. preference3. Its time for supper. Please _ your books aside so that we can use the table for supper.A. take B. bringC. set D. carry4. He doesnt have enough money to buy a house. Thats why he is going to _ a room for himself not far from his office.A. hireB. buildC. supplyD. rent5. _ all his riches, the king was never satisfied.A. HoweverB. Though C. Despite D. Although6. His words are strongly impressed _ my memory.A. in B. withC. for D. on7. Dont forget to _ me about it tomorrow.A. rememberB. wakeC. ask D. remind8. Here are two hotels near here _.A. under constructionB. under the constructionC. in construction D. in the construction9. This room was designed _ children.A. at B. toC. of D. for10. She had a_ idea that I was poisoning her.A. favorite B. reasonableC. fantastic D. popular二. 阅读理解（1）The desire to make explorations is born with man. Wherever his imagination goes, man also has a strong wish to go. A large part of human history is considered with the exploration of the world in which we live. Again and again people have set out with surprising courage and patience to look into unknown regions and lands to see what had not yet been seen, to make the unknown known. With kites, balloons and aircraft they left the ground to pass through the lower atmosphere. Now the outer space receives their attention.Why should man take the trouble of conquering space ? It is hard to list the specific practical benefits that will surely see and discover new things in space that will increase our scientific knowledge, and this new knowledge will find its way into valuable practical uses. What we learn about man himself, from his experience in space, and from the effects of space and the space flight environment him, will be extremely valuable. The new techniques developed to carry out the exploration of space, and to keep man alive in space, will certainly find practical uses in everyday life in some way. The areas that will benefits are manifold. They include communication, generation of power, transportation and travel, food production, materials, fuels and many others. But to say definitely just what the practical results will be is almost impossible.1. The main idea of the first paragraph is that _.A. man desire to explore what is unknown.B. man often goes wherever his dreams goC. man is no longer interested in the study of the land and sea now.D. mans history is his exploration of the world.2. The word “manifold” in the second paragraph probably means _.A. vastB. variousC. valuable D. practical3. The author seems to be in favor of _.A. doubting the necessity of the space explorationB. the exploration of spaceC. exploring more in space than in seaD. his experience in space4. In the last sentence of Paragraph 2 the phrase “practical result” refers to the results _.A. that are obtained from experienceB. that can be learned as knowledgeC. that can be made use ofD. helping us make further exploration.（B）It is important to know another language and how to communicate without words when you are in another country. Before saying anything, people communicate with each other by using gestures（手势）. However, many gestures have different meanings, or no meaning at all, in different parts of the world.In the United States, nodding your head up and down means “yes”, while in some pats of Greece and Turkey, it means “no”. In the southeast of Asia, it is a polite way of saying “I heard you”.Today in the USA, when someone puts his thumb up, it means “Everything is all right.” However, in Greece it is bad. Also putting your clasped（紧握的）hands up above your head means“I am the winner.” It is the sign which players often make. In Russia it is the sign of friendship.In the USA, holding your hand up with the thumb and index finger（食指）, and the other three straight means “Everything is OK.” In France, it means “You are worth nothing.”It is also important to make eye communication. If you look down when talking to an American, he or she may feel that you are shy, or you are trying to hide something.Besides these, you should also know there are some topics that can not be talked about, such as age, weight and marriage. You can talk about the weather, work, sports, food, where one lives and news of the day.1. Which of the following is true?A. People all over the world only communicate by words.B. Many gestures either have different meanings or no meanings at all.C. Gestures are the most common way to communicate.D. People can talk about anything in another country.2. In Greece nodding your head means “_.”A. YesB. No C. I heard youD. I am the winner3. Putting the thumb up should not be used in _.A. Greece B. the USA C. EnglandD. China4. What does this sentence mean “.your action can speak louder than your words” ?A. What you do is better than what you say.B. You try your best to be polite.C. You are better understood by your gestures than through your words.D. What you say is better than what you do.5. The main idea of the passage is that when you are in another country, _.A. it is important to know the language.B .it is important to know what you talk about to a foreigner.C. to know how to communicate without words is as important as to know the language.D. to communicate through gestures is more important than to know the language.【试题答案】一. 单