虚拟语气 Subjunctive Mood

SubjunctiveMood虚拟语气,英语动词有三种语气(mood):陈述语气indicative祈使语气imperative虚拟语气subjunctive,虚拟语气的概念,虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，建议等含义，虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。IwishIcouldremembermoreaboutmymom.Iwishthatshewereherewithmeandthatwewerentsick.IfIwereyou,IwouldgiveanAIDSpatientahug.IfIhadhadmagicpowerthen,IwouldhavestoppedtheIraqWar.PeopletreatmeasifIwereadangerousperson.Hesuggestedthatourclassbedividedintofivegroups.,条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。,1.虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。,一：虚拟语气常见用法,真实条件句真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中if是如果的意思。,Ifitrainstomorrow,wewontdotheaerobicexercise.,Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit_.A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israined,Fact!,Fact!,Ifhehadcomeyesterday,Iwouldhavetoldhimaboutit.,含义：Hedidnotcomeyesterday,soIdidnottellhimaboutit.,Ifhehadnotbeenillandmissedmanyclasses,hewouldhavemadegreaterprogress.,含义：Hewasillandmissedmanylessons,sohedidnotmakegreaterprogress.,非真实条件句,1.IfIhadHIV,Iwouldnotmakethatknowntoanyone.2.IfIwereyou,IwouldgiveAIDSpatientsahug.3.IfIhadtakenyouradviceyesterday,Iwouldhavesettledtheproblem.4.IfIhadbeentherethatday,thetragedywouldnthavehappened.,与现在事实相反,与过去事实相反,5.Ifitrainedtomorrow,theywouldntgoforanouting.6.Ifwewereto/shouldhave3daysoffthisweekend,IwouldtakemydaughtertoEMeiMountain.,与将来事实相反,虚拟语气在条件状语从句的运用,条件从句,If从句的谓语形式,主句的谓语形式,现在,未来,过去时（were）,过去完成时,would/could/might+do,would/could/might+havedone,would/could/might+do,过去时should+v.weretodo,过去,过去时should+v.weretodo,1.Iwanttobuythesebooks,butIdonthaveenoughmoney.IfI_enoughmoney,I_buythesebooks.,had,would,2.Itwascoldandwetoutside.Wedidntletthechildrenplayinthegarden.Ifit_coldandwetoutside,we_thechildrenplayinthegarden.,hadntbeen,wouldhavelet,3.Iwillworkhardinfuture,otherwiseIwontpassthetest.IfI_hardinfuture,I_thetest.,weretowork/shouldwork/worked,wouldpass,4.Hehastoworkhardalldaylong,sohedoesnthavetimetodotheshopping.Ifhe_workhardalldaylong,he_timetodotheshopping.,didnthaveto,wouldhave,虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点：,1.假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做错综条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。Iftheweatherhadbeenfiner,thecropswouldbegrowingstillbetter.Ifyouhadfollowedtheteachersadvice,youwouldntbeinthehospitalnow.,2.假设条件虚拟倒装。条件从句中有should，were，had三个助动词可以把if省略，并将这三个词提至句首。IfIwereyou,Iwouldgiveitup.WereIyou,Iwouldgiveitup.Ifshewereherewithme,Iwouldfeelsohappy.Weresheherewithme,Iwouldfeelsohappy.,IfIhadhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.HadIhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.Ifthereshouldbeaflood,whatshouldwedo?Shouldtherebeaflood,whatshouldwedo?,_todothework,Ishoulddoitsomeotherday.A.IfwereIB.IwereC.WereID.WasI,3.其他词表达含蓄条件。without,butfor,notbefor“要不是”Withoutsunlight,peopleslifewouldbedifferentfromtoday.Butforyourhelp,Iwouldnthavefinishedthework.Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldhavefailed.Butforwater,itwouldbeimpossibletoliveinthedesert.,与将来事实相反,与现在事实相反,与过去事实相反,与过去事实相反,otherwise,or否则,Hedidntcomehereyesterday,otherwise,hewouldhavemether.Hemissedthefirstbus,orhecouldhavearrivedontime.Hejumpedoffthebusintime,orhewouldbeinhosipitalnow.,but也可以引导含蓄条件：,XiangYucouldhavekilledLiuBang,buthewastokindanddidntfollowFanZengadvice.,ifhehadnotbeensokindandhadfollowedFanZengsadvice.,1)Ifyou_myadvice,you_theexam.2)IfI_abird,I_beableflyfreelyinthesky.3)IfI_enoughtimenow,I_(travel)totheseaside.4)IdontthinkIwillfail.IfI_,I_tryagain.,hadaccepted,wouldnthavefailed,were,would,had,wouldtravel,shouldfailweretofailfailed,would,1)_todothework,Ishoulddoitsomeotherday.A.IfwereIB.IwereC.WereID.WasI2)_foryouradvice,Iwouldnthavesucceeded.IfitwerenotB.HaditnotbeenC.WereitnotforD.Ifitisnotfor3)Thisprinterisofgoodquality.Ifit_breakdownwithinthefirstyear,wewouldrepairitatourexpense.(2009天津)A.wouldB.shouldC.couldD.might,C,B,B,2.wish的宾语从句,现在：过去：未来：,过去时（were）,过去完成时,would/could/might+v.,IwishIwereabirdnow.（现在）IwishIhadntmadesuchamistakeyesterday.（过去）Wewishourparentswouldntpunishuslater.（将来）,wish,ifonly但愿,就好了,IwishI_astallasyou.,Hewishedhe_that.他希望他没讲那样的话。,Iwishit_tomorrow.我希望明天下雨就好了。,我希望我有魔力消除经济危机。我希望我现在不用坐在教室里听课。我希望我那天也有票去看演出。我希望我没有在商场遇到那个人。,were,hadntsaid,wouldrain,3.asif/though+Clause(表语，状语),现在：过去：将来：,过去时,过去完成时would/could/might+v.,Itlooksasifitmightrain.,Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.,Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.Itseemsasifitwerespring.Irememberitclearlyasifithadhappenedyesterday.,Sarahlooksatherhusbandasifhe_astranger.2.Theyaretalkingasifthey_friends.,were,were,3.Hetoldhisstoryasifthestory_(happen)tosomeoneelse.,hadhappened,4.Sheisdressedasifshe_ayounggirl.,were,4.wouldratherthat,现在：过去：未来：,Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.,Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.,Dontcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.,过去时,过去时,过去完成时,虚拟语气在从句中用should的情况,）虚拟语气用在表示要求、命令、建议等动词后的宾语从句中。,1.order,command2.advise,suggest,propose,recommend3.demand,require,request,desire,insist,（should）+动词原形。,我们建议Tom去休息一下。他坚决要求我到场。国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。,WesuggestedthatTomhavearest.,HeinsistedthatI(should)bepresent.,Thekingorderedthattheprisonersbekilledthenextday.,Theyrequestedthatwe(should)sendthemtoworkthere.,Isuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.HeinsistedthatI(should)besentthere.,注意：当suggest表示“暗示、表明”时而不表示“建议”时,insist表示“坚持说，力言”而不表示“坚持要求（别人做某事）”时，宾语从句用陈述语气。,1.Theguardatgateinsistedthateverybody_(obey)therules.2.Heinsistedthatshe_(be)seriouslyillandthatshe_(send)tohospitalsatonce.3.Hesuggestedthatwe_(have)ameetingatonce.4.Hispalefacesuggestedthathe_(be)ill.,obey,was,besent,have,was,）虚拟语气用在表语从句、同位语从句中。在order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desire等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形或只用动词原形,Hissuggestionisthattheplanatonce.(carryout)Hissuggestionthattheplan_atonceisvaluable.(carryout),Mydemandisthatshetoseemeonceaweek.(come)Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactory_closed.(be),becarriedout,shouldcome,shouldbecarriedout,shouldbe,）虚拟语气用在主语从句中用来表示理应如此，惊奇、不相信、惋惜等。常见的结构有：（）Itisdesired/suggested/ordered/requested)+that+sb.+(should)+doItwillbedesiredthatsheshouldfinishherhomeworkthisafternoon.（）Itis+important,necessary,urgent,strange,apity,ashame)+that+sb.,(should)+do（对现在）,shouldhavedone（对过去）,Itisnecessarythatsomeimmediateeffort(should)bemade.ItisapitythatHenryshouldbesorude.Itisamazingthatheshouldhavelearntsomuchinsuchashorttime.注意：在这种从句中，若说话人不表示惊奇，that从句中也可用陈述语气。Itsstrangethathedidntcomeyesterday.Itsapitythatyoucantswim.,4)虚拟语气用语定语从句中常见的结构为：Itis(high)timethat,sb.+动词的过去式,sb.+should+do（should不能省）,意思是“到了某人做某事的时间了”。Itishightimethatwewent/shouldgotoschool.Itistimeforustogotoschool.,1.-Theweatherhasbeenveryhotanddry.-Yes.Ifithadrainedevenadrop,thingswouldbemuchbetternow!Andmyvegetables_.(2010北京)A.wouldntdieB.didntdieC.hadntdieD.wouldnthavedied2.Wherearethechildren?Thedinnersgoingtobecompletelyruined.-Iwishthey_alwayslate.A.werentB.hadntbeenC.wouldntbe3.Jackisagreattalker.Itshightimethathe_somethinginsteadofjusttalking.A.willdoB.hasdoneC.doD.did,D,A,D,1.Ifhe_myadvice,hewouldnthavelosthisjob.A.followedB.shouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.wouldfollow2._hereafewminutesearlier,hewouldhavemetthatfamousfilmstar.A.HadhebeenB.ShouldhebeC.WereheD.Hashebeen3._forthefreetickets,Iwouldnothavegonetothefilmssooften.A.IfitisnotB.wereitnotC.HaditnotbeenD.Iftheywerenot,B,A,C,1.ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI_inlove,attheageofseven,withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.(2002上海)A.wouldnthavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.shouldfallD.weretofall,B,1.Withoutwater,what_like?A.willtheworldbeB.wouldtheworldbeC.wastheworldD.istheworld2.Butfortheirhelp,we_theprogramintime.A.cannotfinishB.willnotfinishC.hadnotfinishedD.couldnthavefinished3.I_throughthat