三十六计原文译文及英文表达.docx

的英文表达三十六计（Thirty-Six Stratagems）乃兵家之经典著作。语源于南北朝,成书于明清,是汉民族悠久文化遗产之一。古人学好三十六计,带兵打胜券在握。现代人习之,在商场职场生活领域中,古为今用。而三十六计在外国也极受欢迎那么就一起看看三十六计的英文表达吧！【1】第一套 胜战计Chapter 1: Winning Stratagems第一计 瞒天过海 crossing the sea under camouflage原文备周则意怠；常见则不疑。阴在阳之内，不在阳之对。太阳，太阴。翻译：认为准备万分周到，就容易松劲；平时看惯了的，就往往不再怀疑了，秘计隐藏在暴露的事物中，而不是和公开的形式相排斥。非常公开的往往蕴藏着非常机密的。根据阴阳相互转化的规律，阳极而阴生，阴极而阳生。英文注释Mask your real goals, by using the ruse of a fake goal, until the real goal is achieved. Tactically, this is known as an open feint: in front of everyone, you point west, when your goal is actually in the east.第二计 围魏救赵 relieving the state of Zhao by besieging the state of Wei原文共敌不如分敌；敌阳不如敌阴。翻译：打击兵力集中的敌人不如打击兵力分散的敌人；正面攻击敌人不如背后偷袭敌人。树敌不可过多，对敌要各个击破，对现在还不忙于消灭的，要隐藏我们的意图。英文注释When the enemy is too strong to be attacked directly, then attack something he holds dear. Know that he cannot be superior in all things. Somewhere there is a gap in the armour, a weakness that can be attacked instead. The idea here is to avoid a head-on battle with a strong enemy, and instead strike at his weakness elsewhere. This will force the strong enemy to retreat in order to support his weakness. Battling against the now tired and low-morale enemy will give a much higher chance of success.第三计 借刀杀人 killing someone with a borrowed knife原文敌已明，友未定，引友杀敌。不自出力，以损推演。翻译：作战的对象已经确定，而朋友的态度还不稳定，要利用各方矛盾，借敌方内部力量或盟友的力量削弱或消灭敌人，避免消耗自己的力量。英文注释When you do not have the means to attack your enemy directly, the attack using the strength of another. Trick an ally into attacking him, bribe an official to turn traitor, or use the enemys own strength against him.第四计 以逸待劳 waiting at ones ease for the exhausted enemy原文困敌之势，不以战。损刚益柔。翻译：控制敌方力量发展的命脉来扼杀他，而不采取进攻的形势，这就是“损刚益柔”原理的演用。英文注释It is an advantage to choose the time and place for battle. In this way, you know when and where the battle will take place, while your enemy does not. Encourage your enemy to expend his energy in futile quests while you conserve your strength. When he is exhausted and confused, you attack with energy and purpose.第五计 趁火打劫 plundering a burning house原文敌之害大，就势取利，刚决柔也。翻译：敌方的危机很大，就乘机取利，用优势力量果断地攻击软弱的敌人。英文注释When a country is beset by internal conflicts, when disease and famine ravage the population, when corruption and crime are rampant, then it will be unable to deal with an outside threat. This is the time to attack.第六计 声东击西 making a feint to the east and attacking in the west原文敌志乱萃，不虞。坤下兑上之象，利其不自主而取之。翻译：敌人乱撞瞎碰，摸不清情况，这是易经“萃”封上所说的“坤下兑上”的混乱征状。必须利用敌方失去控制力的时机加以消灭。英文注释In any battle the element of surprise can provide an overwhelming advantage. Even when face to face with an enemy, surprise can still be employed by attacking where he least expects it. To do this you must create an expectation in the enemys mind through the use of a feint.【2】第二套 敌战计 Chapter 2: Enemy Dealing Stratagems第七计 无中生有 creating something out of not hing原文诳也，非诳也，实其所诳也。少阴、太阴、太阳。翻译：无中生有是运用假象，以假乱真，以真乱假，以使敌人防不胜防。但也不是弄假到底，而是使假象变真象，大小假象，掩护真象。英文注释You use the same feint twice. Having reacted to the first and often the second feint as well, the enemy will be hesitant to react to a third feint. Therefore the third feint is the actual attack catching your enemy with his guard down.第八计 暗度陈仓 advancing secretly by an unknown path原文示之以动，利其静而有主，“益动而巽”。翻译：故意暴露行动，利用敌方固守的时机，主动偷袭。顺着常理而行动，就会每天都增益，直到永远。英文注释Deceive the enemy with an obvious approach that will take a very long time, while surprising him by taking a shortcut and sneak up to him. As the enemy concentrates on the decoy, he will miss you sneaking up to him.第九计 隔岸观火 watching a fire from the other side of the river原文阳乖序乱，阴以待逆。暴戾恣睢，其势自毙。顺以动豫，豫顺以动。翻译：敌人内部分裂，秩序混乱，我便等待他发生暴乱，那时敌人穷凶极恶，翻目仇杀，势必自行灭亡。我要根据敌人变动作好准备；作好准备之后，还要根据敌人的变动而行动。英文注释Delay entering the field of battle until all the other players have become exhausted fighting amongst themselves. Then go in at full strength and pick up the pieces.第十计 笑里藏刀 covering the dagger with a smile原文信而安之，阴以图之。备而后动，勿使有变。刚中柔外也。翻译：使敌人相信我方，并使其麻痹松懈，我则暗中策划，充分准备，一有机会，立即动手，使他来不及应变。这是表面上柔顺和悦、内里却刚强不屈的表现。英文注释Charm and ingratiate yourself with your enemy. When you have gained his trust, move against him in secret.第十一计 李代桃僵 palming off substitute for the real thing原文势必有损，损阴以益阳。翻译：当局势发展有所损失的时候，要舍得局部的损失，以换取全局的优势。英文注释There are circumstances in which you must sacrifice short-term objectives in order to gain the long-term goal. This is the scapegoat strategy whereby someone else suffers the consequences so that the rest do not.第十二计 顺手牵羊 picking up something in passing原文微隙在所必乘，微利在所必得。少阴，少阳。翻译：微小的漏洞必须利用，微小的利益，也必须获得。我们可以利用敌人微小的漏洞或失误，取得我方微小的胜利。英文注释While carrying out your plans be flexible enough to take advantage of any opportunity that presents itself, however small, and avail yourself of any profit, however slight.【3】第三套：攻战计Chapter 3: Attacking Stratagems第十三计 打草惊蛇 beating the grass to frighten the snake原文疑以叩实，察而后动。复者，阴之媒也。翻译：有怀疑的就要侦察实情，完全掌握了实情再行动。反复侦察，是发现敌方隐情的重要手段英文注释Do something unaimed, but spectacular (hitting the grass) to provoke a response of the enemy (startle the snake), thereby giving away his plans or position, or just taunt him.Do something unusual, strange, and unexpected as this will arouse the enemys suspicion and disrupt his thinking.More widely used as Do not startle the snake by hitting the grass. An imprudent act will give your position or intentions away to the enemy.第十四计 借尸还魂 resurrecting a dead soul by borrowing a corpse原文有用者，不可借；不能用者，求借。借不能用者而用之。匪我求童蒙，童蒙求我。翻译：有用的不可以利用，怕的是我不能控制它；不能利用的却要去利用，因为我完全可以控制它。利用不能用的而控制它，这不是我受别人的支配，而是我支配别人。英文注释Take an institution, a technology, a method, or even an ideology that has been forgotten or discarded and appropriate it for your own purpose.Revive something from the past by giving it a new purpose or bring to life old ideas, customs, or traditions and reinterpret them to fit your purposes.第十五计 调虎离山 luring the tiger out of his den原文待天以困之，用人以诱之，往蹇来返。翻译：等待天时对敌方不利时再去围困他，用人假象去诱骗他。往前有危险，知难而退，是明智之举。英文注释Never directly attack an opponent whose advantage is derived from its position. Instead lure him away from his position thus separating him from his source of strength.第十六计 欲擒故纵 letting the enemy off in order to catch him原文逼则反兵，走则减势。紧随勿迫，累其气力，消其斗志，散而后擒，兵不血刃。需，有孚，光。翻译：逼得敌人无路可走，就会遭到坚决的反扑。让他逃走，就会削弱敌人的气势。所以要紧紧地跟踪敌人，但不要逼迫他，借以消耗他的体力，瓦解他的士气，等他的兵力分散了，再伺机擒获和消灭敌人。这样用兵可以避免流血，不逼迫敌人，并让他相信，这对战争是有利的。英文注释Cornered prey will often mount a final desperate attack. To prevent this you let the enemy believe he still has a chance for freedom.His will to fight is thus dampened by his desire to escape. When in the end the freedom is proven a falsehood the enemys morale will be defeated and he will surrender without a fight.第十七计 抛砖引玉 giving the enemy something to induce him to lose more valuable things原文类以诱之，击蒙也。翻译：用类似的东西去迷惑、诱骗敌人，使敌人遭懵上当，中我圈套，然后乘机击败敌人。英文注释Bait someone by making him believe he gains something or just make him react to it (toss out a brick) and obtain something valuable from him in return (get a jade gem).第十八计 擒贼擒王 capturing the ringleader first in order to capture all the followers原文摧其坚，夺其魁，以解其体。龙战于野，其道穷也。翻译：彻底地摧毁敌人的主力，抓住他的首领，借以粉碎他的战争机构。龙战于原野上，便到了穷途末路了。英文注释If the enemys army is strong but is allied to the commander only by money, superstition or threats, then take aim at the leader.If the commander falls the rest of the army will disperse or come over to your side.If, however, they are allied to the leader through loyalty then beware, the army can continue to fight on after his death out of vengeance.【4】第四套： 混战计Chapter 4: Chaos Stratagems第十九计 釜底抽薪 extracting the firewood from under the cauldron原文不敌其力，而消其势，兑下乾上之象。翻译：力量上不能战胜敌人，可以瓦解他的气势，这就是易经兑下乾上的履卦上所说的“柔履刚”的办法。英文注释Take out the leading argument or asset of someone; steal someones thunder. This is the very essence of indirect approach: instead of attacking enemys fighting forces, the attacks are directed against his ability to wage war.第二十计 浑水摸鱼 muddling the water to catch the fish; fishing in troubled waters原文乘其阴乱，利其弱而无主。随，以向晦入宴息。翻译：有意给敌方制造混乱并乘着敌人内部混乱无主之机，消灭敌人，取得胜利。随要求君子应当随着天时变换，在天黑时入睡，这里指要善抓可乘之机，乱中取胜。英文注释Create confusion and use this confusion to further your own goals.第二十一计 金蝉脱壳 slipping away by casting off a cloak; getting away like the cicada sloughing its skin原文存其形，完其势；友不疑，敌不动。巽而止蛊。翻译：保存阵地的原形，造成强大的声势，使友军不怀疑，敌人也不敢贸然进犯，而我方却可以暗中转移或隐蔽地击破另一支敌军。英文注释Mask yourself. Either leave ones distinctive traits behind, thus becoming inconspicuous, or masquerade as something or someone else.This strategy is mainly used to escape from enemy of superior strength.第二十二计 关门捉贼 catching the thief by closing / blocking his escape route原文小敌困之。剥，不利有攸往。翻译：对弱小的敌人，要加以包围歼灭；对垂死挣扎的零散敌人，如果从后面急追远赶，那是很不利的。英文注释To capture your enemy, or more generally in fighting wars, to deliver the final blow to your enemy, you must plan prudently if you want to succeed. Do not rush into action. Before you move in for the kill, first cut off your enemys escape routes, and cut off any routes through which outside help can reach them.第二十三计 远交近攻 befriending the distant enemy while attacking a nearby enemy原文形禁势格，利从近取，害以远隔。上火下泽。翻译：处于（扭转）不利的形势（局面），要考虑（阻止）它发展的方向（趋势），（利于）攻取附近的地方，就有利，（不利于）攻击远隔的地方，就有害。易经聧卦说：“火苗向上冒，池水向下流，志向不同，也可以结交。” 意思是使敌相互隔离再各个击破。英文注释It is known that nations that border each other become enemies while nations separated by distance and obstacles make better allies.When you are the strongest in one field, your greatest threat is from the second strongest in your field, not the strongest from another field.第二十四计 假途伐虢 attacking the enemy by passing through a common neighbor原文两大之间，敌胁以从，我假以势。困，有言不信。翻译：对处的两个强大敌人中间的国家，敌人胁迫它时，我方却立即援求它，立马出兵，结果被人家回来顺势灭了。易经困卦说：“对处在困迫状况下的国家，光空谈而没有行动，是不会被他信任的。”英文注释Borrow the resources of an ally to attack a common enemy. Once the enemy is defeated, use those resources to turn on the ally that lent you them in the first place.【5】第五套：并战计Chapter 5: Proximate Stratagems第二十五计 偷梁换柱 stealing the beams and pillars and replacing them with rotten timbers原文频更其阵，抽其劲旅，待其自败，而后乘之。曳其轮也。翻译：多次变动敌人的阵容，把他的兵力调开，等待他自己败阵，然后用谋进攻他。易经既济卦说：“先拖住敌人，然后再替换他。”英文注释Disrupt the enemys formations, interfere with their methods of operations, change the rules in which they are used to following, go contrary to their standard training.In this way you remove the supporting pillar, the common link that makes a group of men an effective fighting force.第二十六计 指桑骂槐 reviling/abusing the locust tree while pointing to the mulberry原文大凌小者，警以诱之。刚中而应，行险而顺。翻译：强大的慑服弱小的，要用警戒的方法来诱导它。易经师卦说：适当的强硬，可以得到拥护；施用险诈，可以得到顺从。英文注释To discipline, control, or warn others whose status or position excludes them from direct confrontation; use analogy and innuendo. Without directly naming names, those accused cannot retaliate without revealing their complicity.第二十七计 假痴不癫 feigning madness without becoming insane原文宁伪作不知不为，不伪作假知妄为。静不露机，云雷屯也。翻译：宁可假装不知道的，不行动，不可假装知道而轻举妄动。要沉着，不要泄露一点机密，就像迅猛激烈的云雷，在冬季藏入地下般的平静。英文注释Hide behind the mask of a fool, a drunk, or a madman to create confusion about your intentions and motivations. Lure your opponent into underestimating your ability until, overconfident, he drops his guard. Then you may attack.第二十八计 上屋抽梯 removing the ladder after the enemy has climbed up the roof原文假之以便，唆之使前，断其援应，陷之死地。遇毒，位不当也。翻译：故意露出破绽，引诱敌人深入我方，然后选择有利时机，断绝敌人的前应和后援，使它完全处于死地。敌人这样的下场，易经噬嗑上说的好：抢吃腊肉的嗑掉了牙，怪自己的动作不当。英文注释With baits and deceptions, lure your enemy into treacherous terrain. Then cut off his lines of communication and avenue of escape. To save himself, he must fight both your own forces and the elements of nature.第二十九计 树上开花 putting artificial flowers on trees原文借局布势，力小势大。鸿渐于陆，其羽可以为仪也。翻译：借别人的局面布成阵势，兵力弱小的看来阵容也显得强大。易经渐卦说：鸿雁飞向大陆，全凭它的羽毛丰满助长气势。英文注释Tying silk blossoms on a dead tree gives the illusion that the tree is healthy. Through the use of artifice and disguise, make something of no value appear valuable; of no threat appear dangerous; of no use appear useful.第三十计 反客为主 turning from the guest into the host原文乘隙插足，扼其主机，渐之进也。翻译：有空子就要插脚进去，扼住他的主脑机关。易经渐卦说：“循序而进”就是这个意思。英文注释Usurp leadership in a situation where you are normally subordinate. Infiltrate your target. Initially, pretend to be a guest to be accepted, but develop from inside and become the owner later.【6】第六套： 败战计Chapter 6: Desperate Stratagems第三十一计 美人计 using seductive women to corrupt the enemy原文兵强者，攻其将；将智者，伐其情。将弱兵颓，其势自萎。利用御寇，顺相保也。翻译：兵力强大的，就要攻打他的将帅；将帅明智的，就打击他的情绪。将帅斗志衰弱、部队士气消沉，他的气势必定自行萎缩。易经渐卦说：利用敌人内部的严重弱点来控制敌人，可以有把握地保存自己的实力。英文注释Send your enemy beautiful women to cause discord within his camp. This strategy can work on three levels.First, the ruler becomes so enamoured with the beauty that he neglects his duties and allows his vigilance to wane.Second, other males at court will begin to display aggressive behaviour that inflames minor differences hindering co-operation and destroying morale.Third, other females at court, motivated by jealousy and envy, begin to plot intrigues further exacerbating the situation.第三十二计 空城计 presenting a bold front to conceal unpreparedness原文虚者虚之，疑中生疑。刚柔之际，奇而复奇。翻译：空虚的就让它空虚，使人更加难以揣测；在进攻和防御中运用空虚的战术来隐蔽自己的空虚，越发显得用兵出奇。英文注释When the enemy is superior in numbers and your situation is such that you expect to be overrun at any moment, then drop all pretense of military preparedness, act calmly and taunt the enemy, so that the enemy will think you have a huge ambush hidden for them.It works best by acting calm and at ease when your enemy expects you to be tense.第三十三计 反间计 sowing discord among the enemy原文疑中之疑。比之自内，不自失也。翻译：在疑阵中再布置一层疑阵。利用敌人的间谍而达到自己的目的。易经比卦说：来自敌方内部的援助，自己不会受到损失。英文注释Undermine your enemys ability to fight by secretly causing discord between him and his friends, allies, advisors, family, commanders, soldiers, and population. While he is preoccupied settling internal disputes, his ability to attack or de