Unit 10 The Jeaning of America综合教程二

.,Unit1,Unit10TheJeaningofAmerica,.,Watchthevideoandanswerthefollowingquestions.,Whatwasthegirltalkingabout?2.Doyouoftenwearjeans?Howmuchdoyouknowaboutjeans?,Pre-readingActivities-Audiovisualsupplement1,Audiovisualsupplement,Culturalinformation,Shewastalkingaboutthesisterhoodandapairofjeans.,Open.,.,Pre-readingActivities-Audiovisualsupplement2,Audiovisualsupplement,Culturalinformation,.,Voiceover:ForaslongasIcouldremember,thefourofussharedeverything.Stories,secrets,laughter,brokenhearts.Sowhenwefoundapairofpantsthat,bysomemiracle,fiteachofusperfectly,wetookitonfaiththeydcomeintoourlivesforareason.Thatsummerandthetwothatfollowed,thepantshadthemagicofkeepingustogether.Nomatterwheretheyfoundus.Theysawusthroughtimesoflove,timesofloss,andtimesofchange.Andthosemomentswhereyoufeelyourlifejustliftupandtakeoff.,VideoScript1,Audiovisualsupplement,Culturalinformation,.,Workbanishesthosethreegreatevils:boredom,vice,andpoverty.Voltaire,Quote,Culturalinformation1,Audiovisualsupplement,Culturalinformation,.,LevisLeviStraussthentheybecamefavoredbyAmericansingeneral,becausetheyembodytheAmericanidealofequality.Theyarefavoredbybureaucratsandcowboys,bankersanddeadbeatsalike.Theydrawnodistinctionandrecognizenoclasses.,.,Structuralanalysis1,TheauthorpresentsthestatusofbluejeansinAmericaandintheworld.,LevisStrauss,theinventorofbluejeans,isintroduced.,ThispartisadetaileddescriptionofhowStraussmadehisfirstbluejeans.,1.Basedonthetimephrasesfoundabove,dividethetextintopartsbycompletingthetable.,Textanalysis,Structuralanalysis,Ittellsofthegrowingbusinessandpopularityofthebluejeans.,Ithighlightsthemeritsofbluejeans.,1,2-3,4-5,6,7,.,Structuralanalysis3,2.Whattypeofwritingisthetext?Andhowisthetextstructured?,Thisisapieceofexpositorywriting.Theauthorrecountssomekeyfactsrelatedtotheinventionandpopularizationofbluejeansbyfollowingthechronologicalorder.,Textanalysis,Structuralanalysis,.,TheJeaningofAmerica,Detailedreading1,Detailedreading,ThisisthestoryofasturdyAmericansymbolwhichhasnowspreadthroughoutmostoftheworld.Thesymbolisnotthedollar.ItisnotevenCoca-Cola.Itisasimplepairofpantscalledbluejeans,andwhatthepantssymbolizeiswhatAlexisdeTocquevillecalled“amanlyandlegitimatepassionforequality”Bluejeansarefavoredequallybybureaucratsandcowboys,bankersanddeadbeats,fashiondesignersandbeerdrinkers.Theydrawnodistinctionsandrecognizenoclasses:theyaremerelyAmerican.YettheyaresoughtafteralmosteverywhereintheworldincludingRussia,whereauthoritiesrecentlybrokeupateenagedgangthatwassellingthemontheblackmarketfortwohundreddollarsapair.Theyhavebeenaroundforalongtime.Anditseemslikelythattheywilloutliveeventhenecktie.,1,CarinQuinn,.,Detailedreading2-3,ThisubiquitousAmericansymbolwastheinventionofaBavarian-bornJew.HisnamewasLeviStrauss.HewasborninBadOcheim,Germany,in1829,andduringtheEuropeanpoliticalturmoilof1848decidedtotakehischancesinNewYork,towhichhistwobrothersalreadyhademigrated.Uponarrival,Levissoonfoundthathistwobrothershadexaggeratedtheirtalesofaneasylifeinthelandofthemainchance.Theywerelandowners,theyhadtoldhim;instead,hefoundthempushingneedles,thread,pots,pans,ribbons,yarn,scissors,andbuttonstohousewives.Fortwoyearshewasalowlypeddler,haulingsome180poundsofsundriesdoor-to-doortoekeoutamarginalliving.WhenamarriedsisterinSanFranciscoofferedtopayhiswayWestin1850,hejumpedattheopportunity,takingwithhimboltsofcanvashehopedtosellfortenting.,Detailedreading,2,3,.,Detailedreading4-5,4Itwasthewrongkindofcanvasforthatpurpose,butwhiletalkingwithaminer,helearnedthatpantssturdypantsthatwouldstanduptotherigorsofthediggingwerealmostimpossibletofind.Opportunitybeckoned.Onthespot,Straussmeasuredthemansgirthandinseamwithapieceofstringand,forsixdollarsingolddust,hadthecanvastailoredintoapairofstiffbutruggedpants.Theminerwasdelightedwiththeresult.Wordgotaroundabout“thosepantsofLevis,”andStrausswasinbusiness.Thecompanyhasbeeninbusinesseversince.,Detailedreading,5WhenStraussranoutofcanvas,hewrotehistwobrotherstosendmore.Hereceivedinsteadatough,browncottonclothmadeinNimes,FrancecalledsergedeNimesandswiftlyshortenedto“denim”(theword“jeans”derives,.,Detailedreading8-9,fromGenes,theFrenchwordforGenoa,whereasimilarclothwasproduced).Almostfromthefirst,Strausshadhisclothdyedthedistinctiveindigothatgavebluejeanstheirname.Butitwasnotuntilthe1870sthatheaddedthecopperrivetswhichhavelongsincebecomeacompanytrademark.TherivetsweretheideaofaVirginiaCity,Nevada,tailor,JacobW.Davis,whoaddedthemtopacifyamean-temperedminercalledAlkaliIke.Alkali,thestorygoes,complainedthatthepocketsofhisjeansalwaystorewhenhestuffedthemwithoresamplesanddemandedthatDavisdosomethingaboutit.Asakindofjoke,Davistookthepantstoablacksmithandhadthepocketsriveted;onceagain,theideaworkedsowellthatwordgotaround.In1873StraussappropriatedandpatentedthegimmickandhiredDavisasaregionalmanager.,Detailedreading,.,Detailedreading10-13,Bythistime,Strausshadtakenbothhisbrothersandtwobrothers-in-lawintothecompanyandwasreadyforhisthirdSanFranciscostore.Overtheensuingyearsthecompanyprosperedlocally,andbythetimeofhisdeathin1902,StrausshadbecomeamanofprominenceinCalifornia.Forthreedecadesthereafterthebusinessremainedprofitablethoughsmall.WithsaleslargelyconfinedtotheworkingpeopleoftheWestcowboys,lumberjacks,railroadworkers,andthelike.LevisjeanswerefirstintroducedtotheEast,apparently,duringtheduderanchcrazeofthe1930s,whenvacationingEasternersreturnedandspreadthewordaboutthewonderfulpantswithrivets.AnotherboostcameinWorld,Detailedreading,6,.,Detailedreading14-18,WarII,whenbluejeansweredeclaredanessentialcommodityandweresoldonlytopeopleengagedindefensework.Fromacompanywithfifteensalespeople,twoplants,andalmostnobusinesseastoftheMississippiin1946,theorganizationgrewinthirtyyearstoincludeasalesforceofmorethantwenty-twothousand,withfiftyplantsandofficesinthirty-fivecountries.Eachyear,morethan250,000,000itemsofLevisclothingaresoldincludingmorethan83,000,000pairsofrivetedbluejeans.Theyhavebecome,throughmarketing,wordofmouth,anddemonstrablereliability,thecommonpantsofAmerica.Theycanbepurchasedpre-washed,pre-faded,andpre-shrunkforthesuitablyproletarianlook.Theyadapt,Detailedreading,.,Detailedreading19-23,themselvestoanysortofidiosyncraticuse;womenslitthemattheinseamsandconvertthemintolongskirts,menchopthemoffabovethekneesandturnthemintosomethingtobewornwhilechallengingthesurf.Decorationsandornamentationsabound.7Thepantshavebecomeatradition,andalongthewayhaveacquiredahistoryoftheirownsomuchsothatthecompanyhasopenedamuseuminSanFrancisco.Therewas,forexample,theturn-of-the-centurytrainmanwhoreplacedafaultycouplingwithapairofjeans:theWyomingmanwhousedhisjeansasaropetohaulhiscaroutofaditch;theCalifornianwhofoundseveralpairsin,Detailedreading,.,Detailedreading24-27,anabandonedmine,worethem,thendiscoveredtheyweresixty-threeyearsoldandstillasgoodasnewandturnedthemovertotheSmithsonianasatributetotheirroughness.Andthenthereistheparticularlyterrifyingstoryofthecarelessconstructionworkerwhodangledfifty-twostoriesabovethestreetuntilrescued,hissolesupporttheLevisbeltloopthroughwhichhisropewashooked.,Detailedreading,.,Howdoestheauthorprovethatbluejeansstandfor“apassionforequality”?,Detailedreading1-Quesion1,Theauthormentionsthatthepantsdrawnodistinctionandrecognizenoclasses.Theyarefavoredbypeoplefromallwalksoflife,whethertheyarecowboysorbureaucrats.,Detailedreading,.,1.WhatkindoflifedidLevisStraussexpectinNewYork?,Detailedreading1-Quesion2-3,LeviscametoNewYorkandexpectedaneasylifethatwouldenablehimtomakeafortune.,Detailedreading,2.WhydidStraussdecidetoleaveNewYorkfortheWest?,BecauseStrausswasdisillusionedbytheill-paid,dullroutinework,sohedecidedtoleaveNewYorkfortheWesttotryhisluck.,.,1.WasthereanyuseofthecanvasthatStraussbroughttotheWest?,Detailedreading1-Quesion4,Thecanvaswasofnouseforitsintendedpurpose(tenting),butitcouldbeusedformakinggoodsturdypants.,Detailedreading,2.WhatdoyouthinkledtoStrausssuccessfulinventionofthejeans?,Strausschancediscoveryoftheminersneedandhisswiftresponsetosuchaneedledtotheinventionofthebluejeans.,.,1.Didtheminer,Alkali,demandcopperrivetstobeaddedtohispants?,Detailedreading1-Quesion5,Alkalididnotdemandhispantstoberiveted.Heonlydemandedthatsomethingbedonetomakehispocketsmoresturdyanddurable.,Detailedreading,2.Whatwastheintendedpurposeofthetailorwhoaddedcopperrivetstothepants?,Thetailormerelyintendedtopacifyamean-temperedminerandhadthepocketsrivetedasajoke.,.,symboln.somethingthatrepresentsanidea,Detailedreading1symbol,e.g.,Itwasamysteriousplace,asymboloftheunreachableandtheremote.Thelionisthesymbolofcourage.,Derivation:,symbolica.symbolismn.symbolizev.,Synonym:,representation,Detailedreading,.,Detailedreading1symbol,Collocation:,symbolofsomethingwhichrepresentsorsuggestssomethingelse,suchasanideaorquality,Detailedreading,e.g.,Inthepicturethetreeisthesymboloflifeandthesnakethesymbolofevil.,symbolforaletter,sign,orfigurewhichexpressesasound,operation,number,chemicalsubstance,etc.,e.g.,Onmaps,acrossisthesymbolforachurch.,.,manlya.havingthequalitiesorappearanceexpectedofaman,Detailedreading1manly,e.g.,Itwasntmanlytowishforsuchindulgences.Intheportrait,theKinglookedmanlyandincontrol.,Derivation:,manlinessn.,Detailedreading,.,legitimatea.abletobedefendedwithlogicorjustification;legallyvalid,Detailedreading1legitimate,e.g.,TheCrownPrincehasalegitimateclaimtothethrone.Imnotsurethathisbusinessisstrictlylegitimate.,Derivation:,legitimatelyad.legitimacyn.,Detailedreading,Antonym:,illegitimate,.,Detailedreading1-favor,favorn.anactofgraciouskindness;anadvantagetothebenefitofsomeoneorsomething,e.g.,Hedidallhecoulddotowinherfavor.Imsurethepresidentwilllookwithfavoronsuchaproposal.,Derivation:,favorablea.,Detailedreading,moteoveranother;considerasthefavorite,e.g.,Amonghisthreedaughters,hefavorshissecondone.Thelocalfootballteamwasfavoredbythespectatorsfromdifferentareas.,Collocation:,bein/outofonesfavorinfavorofsb./sth.,.,Detailedreading1Theydrawno,Theydrawnodistinctionsandrecognizenoclasses:theyaremerelyAmerican.,Translation:,穿着它们的人不分阶级，不讲究差别：它们只不过都是美国制造的。,Detailedreading,.,Detailedreading1Yettheyare,YettheyaresoughtafteralmosteverywhereintheworldincludingRussia,whereauthoritiesrecentlybrokeupateenagedgangthatwassellingthemontheblackmarketfortwohundreddollarsapair.,Translation:,但它们却几乎在全世界都受到了人们的追捧包括在俄罗斯，那里的政府当局最近刚刚解散了一个在黑市上以200美元一条的价格卖出它们的少年团伙。,Detailedreading,.,Detailedreading1emigrate1,emigratev.permanentlyleaveonesowncountry,e.g.,HeandhismotherreceivedpermissiontoemigratetoCanada.HerfamilyemigratedtoAmericainthe1850s.,Derivation:,emigrationn.emigrantn.,Collocation:,emigratefromemigrateto,Detailedreading,.,Detailedreading1emigrate2,Detailedreading,Comparison:,emigrate;immigrate,emigratetoleaveonesowncountryinordertogoandliveinanotherimmigratetocomeintoacountrytomakeoneslifeandhomethere,Peoplewhoemigrateareemigrantsfromthecountrythattheyleave,andtheiractioniscalledemigration.Butfromthepointofviewofthecountrytheyenter,thesamepeopleareimmigrants,andtheiractioniscalledimmigration.,.,Detailedreading1-exaggerate,exaggeratev.saymorethanthetruthaboutsth.orsb.,e.g.,Theseriousnessofthesituationhasbeenmuchexaggeratedinthepress.Youareexaggeratingthedifficulties.,Derivation:,exaggerationn.exaggerateda.,Detailedreading,.,haulvi./vt.pullordragfromoneplacetoanotherwithalotofeffort,Detailedreading1haul,e.g.,Theyhauleddowntheenemysflagwhentheycapturedthecity.Theyhauledtheboatupthebeach.,Derivation:,hauln.,Collocation:,haulsb.up(beforesb.)(infml.)bringsb.tobetriedorreprimanded,Detailedreading,e.g.,Hewashauledupbeforethelocalmagistratesfordisorderlyconduct.他因妨害治安被送交地方法官究办。,Synonym:,pull;drag,.,Detailedreading1Whenamarriedsister,WhenamarriedsisterinSanFranciscoofferedtopayhiswayWestin1850,hejumpedattheopportunity,takingwithhimboltsofcanvashehopedtosellfortenting.,Translation:,1850年，一个婚后居住在旧金山的姐姐给他提供去西部的路费，他立刻抓住了这个机会，随身带了数卷帆布准备卖给那些需要搭建帐篷的居民。,Detailedreading,.,Detailedreading1-standupto1,standuptolastwellundercertainhardconditions,e.g.,Thematerialcanstanduptohightemperature.Willthiscarstanduptowinterconditionshere?,Collocation:,standuptosb.resistsb.standuptosth.withstand(atest,etc.)standupforsb./sth.speak,work,etc.infavourofsb./sth.standsb.upfailtokeepanappointmentwithsb.,Detailedreading,.,Detailedreading1standupto2,Chooseaproperphraseinitsappropriateformtofillineachblank.,Detailedreading,1.Thisclothisdesignedtoalotofwearandtear.2.Firstsheagreedtocomeoutwithme,thensheme.3.Itwasbraveofhertothosebullies.4.Alwaysyourfriends.,standupto,_,stood,_,up,_,standupto,_,standupfor,_,.,Detailedreading1beckon,Vastcountriesbeckontoyoungmeninsearchofadventure.Shebeckonedmetofollow.,e.g.,Detailedreading,beckonv.call,Collocation:,beckonsb.in,Agirlstandingatthemouthofthecavebeckonedhimin.,e.g.,.,Detailedreading1Wordgot,Wordgotaroundabout“thosepantsofLevis”,andStrausswasinbusiness.,Translation:,有关“李维斯的裤子”的消息一传十，十传百，史特劳斯就这样开始了经商。,Detailedreading,.,WhenStraussranoutofcanvas,hewrotehistwobrotherstosendmore.,Translation:,当史特劳斯用光了所有的帆布时，他写信给他的两个哥哥，让他们再寄一些。,Detailedreading1WhenStrauss,Detailedreading,.,pacifyv.bringorrestoretoastateofpeaceorcalmness,Detailedreading1pacify,e.g.,Thegovernmentsentarepresentativetotryandpacifytheangryminers.Hetriedtopacifyhiscreditorsbyrepayingpartofthemoney.他为安抚债权人偿还了部分借款。,Derivation:,pacificationn.,Detailedreading,Synonym:,soothe,.,Detailedreading1stuff,Dontstuffthepillowtootight.Hispocketwasstuffedwithdirtyhandkerchiefs.,e.g.,Derivation:,stuffingn.,Detailedreading,stuffv.fillwithasubstance,Collocation:,stuffsb./oneselfwithsth.,Shesatstuffingherselfwithbiscuits.,e.g.,.,Detailedreading1appropriate,appropriatev.takesth.,esp.money,touseforaparticularpurpose,Detailedreading,Derivation:,appropriationn.,Collocation:,appropriatesth.forsth.put(esp.money)ononesideforaspecialpurpose,Thegovernmenthasappropriatedalargesumofmoneyforbuildinghospitals.,e.g.,Thegovernmentwasforcedtoappropriateextrafundsforthenewairport.Hewasaccusedofappropriatingclubfunds.,e.g.,.,Detailedreading1prosper,Derivation:,sperousa.,Detailedreading,prosperv.becomesuccessful,e.g.,InIndiathehandloomindustryprospersbecauseitissubsidizedbythegovernment.Weappointedanewfinancialadvisorandthebusinessprosperedunderhisguidance.,.,Detailedreading1confine,confinev.keepwithinlimits;limitorrestrict,e.g.,Isitcrueltoconfineabirdinacage?Afterheroperation,shewasconfinedtobedforaweek.,Derivation:,confinementn.confineda.,Detailedreading,.,Detailedreading1reliability,reliabilityn.dependability,e.g.,Thereissomeuncertaintyaboutthereliabilityofthedatausedintheresearch.Theadvantageofthissystemisitsreliabilityandspeed.,Derivation:,reliablea.reliablyad.,Detailedreading,Synonym:,dependability,Antonym:,unreliability,.,Detailedreading1adapt,Derivation:,adaptablea.adaptationn.,Detailedreading,adaptv.becomeusedtosth.,e.g.,Itsnoteasy,butweareslowlyadaptingtothenewstyleofmanagement.WhenwemovetoFrance,thechildrenadaptedtothechangeverywell.,Collocation:,adaptto,Comparison:,adapt;adjust,adapttomakeorbecomesuitablefornewneeds,differentconditions,etc.adjusttochangeslightly,esp.inordertomakerightormakesuitableforaparticularpurposeorsituation;regulate,.,Detailedreading1convert,convertv.changeinto,e.g.,Thissofaisconvertedintoabed.Thechildrenconvertedthebackyardintoapeanutlot.,Derivation:,conversionn.convertiblea.,Collocation:,convertto/intoconvertfromsth.tosth.,Detailedreading,Synonym:,change;transform,.,Herhomeisatributetohergoodtaste.Itwasatributetoherteachingmethodsthatmostofthechildrenpassedthetests.,Detailedreading1tribute1,tributen.,e.g.,Idliketopaytributetotheofficestaffforallthehardworktheyveputinonthisproject.Theygavetheretiringpresidentatribute.,e.g.,Detailedreading,1)agift,payment,speech,orotheracknowledgmentofgratitude,respect,oradmiration,2)evidenceattestingtosomepraiseworthyqualityorcharacteristic,.,Detailedreading1tribute2,Detailedreading,Collocation:,atributetosth.indicationoftheeffectivenessofsth.,Idiom:,paytributetosb./sth.expressonesadmirationorrespectforsb./sth.,.,Detailedreading1dangle,danglev.hangloosely,e.g.,Danglingfromherearswerelargegoldearrings.Hedangledhiswatchinfrontofthebaby.,Synonym:,hang;swing,Detailedreading,Collocation:,danglesth.beforesb.offersth.temptinglytosb.,e.g.,Theprospectofpromotionwasdangledbeforehim.,.,Detailedreading1sole,Detailedreading,solea.only,e.g.,Thesolesurvivorofthecrashwasalittlebaby.Theywentwiththesolepurposeofmakinganuisanceofthemselves.Wehavethesolerighttosellthisrangeofgoods.我们有独家经销这类货物的权利。,Derivation:,solelyad.,Synonym:,only;single,.,Detailedreading1hook,Detailedreading,hookv.fastenorhangsth.ontosth.else,e.g.,Thesetwopiecesofchainhooktogether.Myshirtgothookedonathorn.,Derivation:,hookeda.,Collocation:,hooksth.on/onto/over/roundsth.behookedonsb.,.,Detailedreading1Activity,Word-guessingCompetition,Theclassisdividedintoseveralgroups,andtwostudentsfromeachgrouptakepartinthisactivity.Onestudentparaphrasesorexplainsthewordsshowedonthescreen,andtheotherwillguessthewords.Eachpaircanusevariousmethodstohelpparaphrasingandguessing,includinggestures,sentenceexamples,etc.Thegroupwhichcanguessthemostwordswins.,Detailedreading,Rules:1.Eachgroupmustfinishtheguessingwithin1minute.2.Theguessercannotlookatthescreen.3.TheonewhoexplainscanonlyspeakEnglishandisnotallowedtomentionthewordsshowedonthescreen.,.,Detailedreading1Activity,Detailedreading,Wordsforguessing:,symbollegitimatefavoremigrateexaggeratehaulbeckonadaptpacifyappropriatestuffconfinereliabilitypurchaseconvert,.,ConsolidationActivities-Vocabularymain,Phrasepractice,Wordderivation,Synonym/Antonym,Suffix,Vocabulary,Translation,Integratedskills,Oralactivities,Writing,Listening,Grammar,.,ConsolidationActivities-Phrasepractice1,getaround:spread传播，流传，各处走动,e.g.,Newssoongotaroundthathehadbeenfired.他被开除的消息很快传开了。Hegetsaroundwiththehelpofastick.他拄着拐杖四处走动。,Vocabulary,Translation,Integratedskills,Oralactivities,Writing,Listening,Grammar,.,ConsolidationActivities-Phrasepractice2,ekeoutaliving:makejustenoughmoneytosurvive艰难度日,e.g