煤矿自动化和通信技术现状与发展趋势外文文献翻译

英文原文Present situation and developing trend of coal mine automationand communication technologyHU Suiyan(Changzhou Automation Research Institute，China Coal Research Institute，Changzhou 213015，ChinaAbstract : The paper introduced the development history of the mine automation and communication technology.The paper analyzed the function features of the present mine automation and communication technology.The paper provided some key technologies to be solved in the near future.Key Word : mine automation; dispatch communication; industrial Ethemet; GEPON; mine wireless communication;- Developing process of coal mine automation and communication Coal mine automationCoal mine automation in China can be traced back to the l 960s.It explored from early simplestart stop and locking control by relaying to more complicated control system updated gradually by transistorsmal1scale integrated circuit and SCM .At presentmostcoal mines have established special monitoting and con 仃 ol systems such as safety andproduction monitoring and conol system.electriccon system for belt conyevOrpower monitoring and control system，and integrated these systems by highspeed network， and gradually completed and deve1oped local production automation systems，towards integrated mine wide automation Coal mine communicationCoal mine communication is integrant for coalmine production and dispatchingDue to multiprocedure and scattered working spots，it is difficult to cover mine width by one communication system or one communication modeIn terms of operating mode，coal mine communication consists of fixed communication and mobile communication；in term s of usingarea，it consists of dispatching and communication system for mine width and local communicationsystem In China explosion proof electromagnetic telephone has been employed for mine dispatching andcommunication in early timeIn 1980s。mineused analogprogram-controlled dispatching and communication system were developed，and in 1 990s，digitalprogram controlled dispatching and com unicationsystem were developed with capacity of hundreds of telephones in mine underground，which could meetmain dispatching and com unication requirements ofvarious coal minesMobile commun ication systems for coal mine include systems of throughground communication，leakage com unication， inductive communication，carrier com un ication，PHS communication，CDM Acom unication and so on- Coal mine automation technology Highspeed monitoring and control networkThe present highspeed monitoring and control network in coal mines in China mainly is industrialEthernet，special industrial Controlnet，GEPON and M CTP Andredundant industrial Ethernet is used for main transmission in coal mine automation systems and is wellknown and used in most coal minesin ChinaThe special industrial Controlnet is usedonly in a few mines and is to be phased out becauseOf its pooropenness.Based on highspeed EthernetandTDM(TimeDivisiMultiplexing)MAC(MediaAccess Contro1)the new GEPON system employs point-to-point structure and passive optical transmission，which can provide broad band access for various integrated services which are suitable for video，data and voice transmission and will have wide application. Autom ation platform softwareAutomation platform softwarethe key element for coal mine automation，consists of management and control software and W EB service softwarewhich are installed in management and control server of control layer and in W EB server of management layerrespectivelyAutomation platform software has two options:one is to make configuration design and secondary development based on the present configuration softwareand the other is to make customized design according to coal,mine conditionThe configurationsoftware is more suitable for subsystemsHM Ithanfor data postprocessing and inform ation interchange of management layerBut the customized automation platformsoftware has advantages with high operating efi ciency,introducing in thirdparty software and meeting special requirem ents of users. Local production autom ation1 1 Safety monitoring and control system for coal mineExisting monitonng system s operating in coal mines in China are independently developed by ourselves including KJ95 KJ9O，KJ4。KJ2000 etcBut the monitoring and control systems for coal mine in China are of decentralized type，and employing technologies of maste slave.narrowband and lowrate communication structure and time division communication with RS485，FSK and DPSK commtmication modes，which have slow response speed，poor stability and electro.magnetic anti-jamming abilityThe newly issued AQ620 12006 general technical requirements of safety monitoring and control system for coal mine strengthened stability requirement of mineused sensor and added EM C inspection for monitoring and control systemThe monitoring and control systems will be led towards highspeed communication，high stability and electromagnetic antiziamming ability2 Power monitoring and control system for coalmineThe present power distributed system in coalmines is mainly for surface power distribution with protection functions of leakage，overload，shortcircuit，under-voltage and short-phase setup inpower distribution cabinet or explosionproof switch which are already employing microcomputer protection and monitoring and control systembut it is not wellused in mine underground，because it caused no networking of power distribution devices inmining areaThe power monitoring and control system for coal mine shall，first，need nobody on watch in underground transformer substation and to realize remote detecting signaling，control，adjusting and video and various functions of protection and onlinemalfunction monitoting，then and then shall have power automation inmine underground3 Pump automation system for coal mineAt present，most coal mines are not equipped with this systemM ainly because emptying valve of pump often has failure due to water quality in coal mine，the pump system cannot work norm ally in long timeGenerally there are several pumps in underground pump room and each pum ps power consum ption is about hun dreds of kilowattTherefore，it is necessary toestablish pump automation system not only for water draining safety but also for power saving4 Locomotive dispatching and control system for coal mineThe locomotive in coal mine is mainly for auxiliary transportation，including rail locomotive and trackless locomotiveThere is signal centralized locking monitoring and control system for rail loco-motive in China with only few manufacturers，but still no dispatching and controlsystem for trackless loco-motive yetTherefore it is necessary to monitor and control working status and process of trackless rubber-tyrred locomotive automatically and to confirmfeature and location of malfunction in short timeAnd to improve modernizationmanagement level of coalm ine5 Digital industrial television system for coalmineAt present most industrial television systems for coal mine are employing an alog transmission modeAlong with the wide application of high-speed cornmunication technology in coal mineundergroundIt shall be a fiend to integrate three networks together and develop digital industrial television system for coal mine6 Monitoring and control center for gate road of working faceAt present there is mainly automatic control for single machine such as hydraulic support，and no real centralized control for working face yet There still are problems of how to transmitmobile video inform ation and machinery inform ation(such as location of coal excavator)corectly and reliably to gate road control center in establishing gate road monitoring and control center in comprehensive mining and caving working face，executing centralizedmonitoring and control of equipment (such ashighpower coalexcavator,high mining height hydraulic support，highpower scraper conveyor,stageloader,crusher,pump station，belt conveyor,powersupply devices，etc)， and transmitting information todispatching center on the ground in high speed.- Communication technology for coal mineDigital programcontrolled dispatching andcommunication system for coal mineand local amplilying communication system for working face are still main strearn ofwire communication for coal mine for a long time in the futureAlong with thenetworktechnology applied in coal mine in large scale and continuous improving of IP voice communication technology,IP dispatching and communication system shall be a trend for wire communication for coal mineAnd mobile communication techn ology forcoal mine is still un der exploring and researchingAmong mobile com unication technologies for coal mine，CDMA commun ication system for coal mine is a multifunctional wireless dispatching and com unication system for mine width and has functions of duplex communication，mobile data transmission，mobile image transmission，incomingcall display,SM S publishing，voice mailbox，etcIt has good prospect for its advantagesof wider radio wave covering in underground laneway,multiple simultaneous communication portable and convenient ISdevice- Technical problems Improving of local production automationThere are multiple options of highspeed monitoting and control network for coal mine automationbut various techn ologies of monitoring and control system for localproduction have been important factor to affect norm al operating of coal mine automation and it needs all manufacturers to improve their products continuously Developing of mineused highstrength fastmounted optical fiber cable Optical fiber cable has been spreaded in coal mine in Chinabut mainly used in laneway,not used in working face due to severe condition thereand normal optical fiber cable for coal mine is easy to be broken but difi cult to be repairedTh e largequantity information of monitoring and control system for fluid control of hydraulic support and roof monitoring in working face requires highspeed transmission(generally over l 92 kHz、and it has best performancepriceratio to use optical fiber cableM oreoveg television monitoring system is generalized in working face and its inform ation transmission especially longdistance transmission only can be done by optical fiber cableFor solving the problem of using and repairing optical fiber cable in severe condition， it needs to develop mine-used highstengthfast-mounted optical fiber cable，promoting technologies of highspeed network transmission and digitalindustrial television used in working face Singlemode optical fiber cable connectingtechnology for coal m ine underground At present，optical fiber cable connection in coal mine un derground mainly employs highpressuredischarging welding technology,which has hidden safety problemIt needs to develop a new mechanic method and device for singlemode optical fiber cableconnecting with welding attenuation less than 0.1 dB and without electric spark- ConclusionsCoal mine automation is one of key techn ologies to realiz effective and safe production of coal mineand coal mine communication is prerequisite for production and dispatching of coal mineBy hard working of several generations there have been series of products widely used in coal minesbut they still cannot meet the requirements ofeffective and safe production of coal mineIt is still necessary to employ new techn ologies and methods to improve automation and com unication systems of coal mine and to realize safer coal excavating by less miners中文译文煤矿自动化和通信技术现状与发展趋势胡穗延 煤炭科学研究总院常州自动化研究院 江苏常州;摘 要:详细介绍了煤矿自动化和通信技术的发展历程, 分析了当前煤矿自动化 和通信技术的功能特点, 提出了今后要解决的一些关键技术问题。关键词: 煤矿自动化;调度通信; 工业以太网; GEPON ;矿井无线通信1 煤矿自动化和通信的发展历程1.1 煤矿自动化我国的煤矿自动化的发展可以追溯到 20 世纪 60 年代, 当时煤炭工业部调集了 全国煤炭行业中研究电子和电气控制的技术骨干, 在开滦矿务局范各庄矿成立了我 国煤炭行业唯一的专业自动化研究所。当时受控制器件的限制, 煤矿的自动化只能 用继电器实现简单的开停和闭锁控制, 且控制器体积庞大, 安全性、可行性差。20 世纪 70 年代和 80 年代中期, 晶体管和逻辑电路逐步替代了老式继电器, 成为自动化 控制的主要器件, 从而大幅度缩小了控制器的体积, 改进了控制的功能, 提高了控 制系统的安全性和可靠性。从 20 世纪 80 年代后期开始, 单片机因其强大的运算和 逻辑控制能力, 迅速替代了晶体管和逻辑集成电路, 成为自动化控制系统的核心控 制单元, 从而大幅度提高了煤矿自动化控制系统的安全性和可靠性, 实现了对煤矿 设备的实时控制。这个阶段, 相继出现了以各种单片机(如 Z80.51 系列芯片等)为控 制核心的各类煤矿专用监测控制系统, 与之相配套的各种基于单片机原理的智能传 感器和执行器也被迅速地研发出来。可以说从这时开始, 煤矿自动化控制和监测系 统才真正进人实用阶段。20 世纪 90 年代形成的以单片机为核心控制单元的专用监控系统, 基本上还是 一个独立的系统。这些系统内部的信息传输以简单的调制方式为主,如模拟形式、基 带形式、FSK 形式或载波形式等,传输速率从 600 9600bit 不等, 采用的传输电缆 为矿用屏蔽电缆。各系统之间很少有信息交换,往往是各系统独立工作。每个系统的 维护使用部门也不尽相同, 如带式输送机控制系统多由运输区使用维护, 安全监测 系统多由通风区使用维护, 生产监测系统多由调度室使用维护。21 世纪初, 随着以工业以太网为代表的信息网络技术的崛起, 用高速信息网络 来传输煤矿各专用监控系统之间的信息变成现实, 各专用监控系统内部之间的信息 传输也逐渐为总线传输方式所代替。CAN 总线、RS232 和 RS485 等总线传输方式 在各系统内部的信息传输中被广泛使用。高速信息通道的建立, 为煤矿各专用监控子系统的集成及过程实时监控提供了可能, 从而使煤矿自动化系统的水平跃上了一个新台阶。1.2 矿井通信矿井通信是煤矿生产指挥必须具备的手段, 煤矿是多工序、作业点分散的大型 生产企业, 很难用一种通信系统、一种通信方式来覆盖全矿井。煤矿通信按使用方 式分为矿井固定通信和移动通信：按用区域分为全矿井调度通信系统和矿井局部通 信系统。我国早期采用防爆磁电电话机作为矿井调度通信,20 世纪 80 开发了矿用模拟程 控调度通信系统, 90 又开发了数字程控调度通信系统,井下装机容量可达数百门, 已 能满足各种煤矿的矿井调度通信主要需求。矿井移动通信主要有矿用透地通信系统、矿用漏泄通信系统、矿用感应通信系统、矿用载波通信系统、矿用小灵通通信系统和矿用 CDMA 通信系等。矿用透地通 信系统主要应用于应急救灾通信, 矿用漏泄通信系统、矿用感应通信系统和矿用载 波通信系统主要应用于局部通信, 矿用小灵通通信系统和矿用 CDMA 应用于全矿井 无线通。2 煤矿自动化技术2.1 高速监控网络目前在我国煤矿使用的高速监控网络主要有工业以太网、用工业控制 Controlner 网、CEPON 网络、MCTP 国煤矿自动化系统采用冗余工业以太网作为主干传输平台, 已得到广泛认同, 不少矿井已装备使用。用工业控制 Controlert 网由于其开放性较差, 只少部分矿井装备使用, 并有被逐步淘汰的趋势。矿用 CEPON 网络系统是一种新 的产品, 它是一种采用点到多点网络结构、无源光纤传输方式、基于高速以太网平 台和 TDM(TimeDivisiMultiplexing)时分 MAC(Media Access Contro1)媒体访问控制方 式并能提供多种综合业务的宽带接人技术, 适合于综合传输视频“数据”语音等信 息, 将有广阔应用前景。2.2 自动化平台软件自动化平台软件包括管控软件、Web 服务软件, 分别安装在控制层的管控服务 器和管理层的 Web 服务器中, 是实现煤矿自动化的重要手段。自动化平台软件有两种选择, 一是以现有的国内外组态软件为平台进行组态设 计和二次开发, 二是根据煤矿的实际进行定制集成开发。组态软件比较适合做各子 系统的 HMI, 不适合进行系统的数据的后处理及与管理层信息系统协调运作。为应 用对象量身定做的自动化平台软件具有运行效率高、借用专业公司开发的第三方软件、解决用户特别需求的优点。2.3 局部生产环节自动化（1）煤矿安全监测监控系统。我国已完成了从引进、消化吸收到自主开发的全 过程。早期引进的如英国的 MINOS 系统、西德的 TF200 系统、美国的 DAN6400 。 系统等, 均被国内开发的监测系统所改造替换, 目前使用的煤矿安全监控系统, 基 本上是我国自主开发的产品, 主要有 KJ95，KJ90,KJ14，KJ200 等。实践表明,安全 监控系统为煤矿安全生产和管理起到了十分重要的作用, 各局矿已作为一项重大安 全装备。但是我国煤矿监控系统还停留在集散式监控水平上, 仍以主从式窄带低速 通信体系结构、时分制通信为主流技术, 主要有 RS485 , FSk 和 DPSK 等几种通信方 式, 系统反应速度慢、稳定性不好、抗电磁干扰能力差。新颁布的 AQ6201-2006 控 系统通用技术要求强化了矿用传感器的稳定性要求, 增加了系统 FMC 检验等。系统 将向高速多主通信、高稳定性、强抗电磁干扰能力方向发展。（2）矿井电力监控系统。现有煤矿供电系统,虽然微机保护和监控系统也得到 了应用, 但主要是针对地面供电系统, 井下微机保护和监控装置应用还不多, 大部 分是在配电柜或防爆开关中设置漏电保护、过载保护、短路保护、欠压保护、断相 保护等保护功能, 采区内配电设备的联网功能较弱。由于井下供电网络结构复杂, 采 区变电所和工作面配电点供电服务对象主要为采煤、掘进、运输以及排水等主要生 产环节, 供电负荷种类繁多、区域分布广、负荷工作场所地质条件复杂, 影响供电系 统运行的不确定因素也较多, 事故发生率高, 故障排查、停送电周期长。尽管近年来, 煤矿供电管理部门在改进井下配电装备、应用新技术新成果的同时, 不断强化人员 素质的管理, 煤矿井下供电系统的可靠性得到了提高, 但由于人为因素造成的供电 事故时有发生, 影响了煤矿的安全生产, 并且导致供电部门每天用于值班和线路维护的工作人员较多, 降低了劳动生产率。系统发展方向首先是井下变电所无人值守, 实现“ 遥测、遥信、遥控、遥调、遥视” 五遥和各种保护、故障在线监测功能, 其次是实现井下电力自动化。（3）矿井水泵自动化系统。目前, 大部分煤矿没有装备该系统, 主要原因是水 泵排空阀门受矿井水质影响, 容易出故障, 导致系统不能长期正常使用。井下水泵房 一般有多台泵, 单台泵功率一般都要几百千瓦, 无论从排水安全, 还是避峰填谷用 电进行节能等考虑, 都有必要装备矿井水泵自动化系统。（4）矿井机车调度控制系统。矿井机车大部分是用于辅助运输, 分为有轨机车 和无轨机车, 有轨机车国内已有信集闭监控系统, 但生产厂家较少：无轨机车调度控 制系统基本还是空白。目前无论在矿井总产和工作面单产方面, 我国都已接近或达 到世界发达国家的先进水平, 而综采工作面搬家, 与国外先进采煤国家相比差距很 大, 国外一般仅需 1-2 周即可完成, 而我国煤矿传统方式需要 25-45d。大型矿井的 液压支架和大型设备的铲装运输主要由无轨胶轮车来完成, 其运行正常与否直接） 响煤炭生产。目前, 无轨胶轮车本身自带有一些机载仪表,司机可以基本掌握本车的工作状况, 但矿调度员只能通过电话联系等人工手段来获取无轨胶轮车运行工况、目前所处的 地点等信息, 不能有效地调度组织车辆运转。因此, 需要对无轨胶轮车的运行工况、 运行过程进行自动监测监控, 快速定位故障性质及地点, 提高煤矿现代化管理水平。（5）矿井数字化工业电视系统。目前绝大多数矿用工业电视系统都是模拟传 输, 系统使用可靠、经济, 但随着高速通信技术广泛应用于井下，三网合一将是发展 趋势, 矿井工业电视系统数字化也是发展方向。（6）工作面巷道监控中心。目前, 较多的是对液压支架等单机进行自动化控制, 还没有成功实现工作面集控。在综采和综放工作面巷道建立监控中心, 对包括大功 率采煤机、大采高液压支架、大功率刮板输送机、转载机、破碎机、泵站、带式输送机、供电设备等进行集中监视监控, 同时将信息高速传输到地面调度中心, 还存在 如何将采煤机的位置等机载信息和移动可视信息可靠传输到工作面巷道控制中心等 难题。3 煤矿通信技术矿井程控数字调度通信系统和工作面局部扩音通信系统在今后相当长的一段时间内仍将是矿井有线通信的主流,