动词不定式的用法归纳PPT精选文档

1,动词不定式的基本用法归纳,2,不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/nevertodo”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、宾补、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for+名词或代词宾格”构成。,不定式,3,1.作主语,2.作宾语,3.作宾语补足语,4.作定语,5.作状语,6.作表语,7.作独立成分,8.与疑问词等连用,4,1不定式作主语(subject),Toseeistobelieve.Tokeepsmilingishealthyforyou.ItsimportanttolearnEnglishwell.,若不定式太长,往往用it作形式主语,不定式后置。单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数。,谓语动词用单数形式。,EarlytoriseandearlytobedisagoodhabitWhenandwheretoholdthepartyhasntbeendecided.Whentoholdthepartyandwheretoholdtheparty_beendecided.,havent,5,2.作宾语,1)不定式作宾语的动词有许多，如want,decide,intend,expect,learn,manage,plan,promise,refuse,threaten,fail,wish,hope,pretend,choose等等。Imeantogothereatonce.Ihopetofinishtheworkintime.IplantogotoBeijingthissummer.2).不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾补之后，而用it作形式宾语。句型为“主语+find(feel,think,believe,consider,etc)+it+形容词/名词+todosth”。Ithinkitourdutytoobeythelaws.Ifounditdifficulttoseehimhere.,6,3)不定式用在介词but,except,后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to.,(1).Shecoulddonothingbutcry.(2).Thereisnothingtodobutwait.(3).Ihavenochoicebuttogo.,7,3作表语,不定式作表语不定式作表语常表示解释或表将来的动作，主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划的词，如wish,idea,task,purpose,duty,job.Toteachistolearn.Myjobistohelpthepatient.Myambitionistobecomeateacher.Theoldmanseemstobesick.【注意】如果在主语中（通常在主语从句或修饰主语的定语从句中）有实意动词do时，作表语的动词不定式省略to。AllIwanttodonowisfillmystomach.,8,4作宾语补足语Heaskedmetogowithhim.Hedidntallowmetogooutalone.【注意】在感官动词（see,hear,feel,listento,notice,watch,observe等）和使役动词let,have，make后的补足语中，不定式不带to。但这类句子变成被动语态时，必须带to。Isawhimplayinthepark.Hewasseentoplayinthepark.Thebossmadethosemenworkdayandnight.Thosemenweremadetoworkdayandnight.IheardhersingtodayShewasheardtosingtoday,9,1.something,anything,nothing,everything,noone等不定代词或名词后常用不定式做后置定语。,e.g.Ihavesomethingtosay.Heisnotamantotelllies.Weallhaveachancetogotocollege.,(5).定语,与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，如不定式是不及物动词，则需加介词。Canyougivesomepaperto_(write)?Ihavenojewelryto_(wear).Heislookingforaroomto_(live).Heneedsafriendto_(play).Therearethreepairsofshoesforyouto_(choose).,writeon,wear,livein,playwith,choosefrom,动宾关系,主谓关系,同位关系,10,2.当名词被thefirst,thelast,theonly等词以及形容词最高级修饰时eg:Sheisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.,11,6.作状语,不定式作状语时，可表示目的，原因，结果或条件。如;不定式作目的状语时，常可与to,inorderto,soasto连用。Icameheretoseeyou.（目的）Hegotupearlysoasnottobelate.不定式可以跟在表语的形容词之后作状语。Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer.。,12,不定式作结果状语常用如下句型,Theroomisbigenoughtoholdus.Itissuchabigroomastoholdus.Heissokindastohelpus.such+（形容词）名词+astodosthso+形容词/副词+astodosth,Hehurriedtotheschooltofindnobodythere.（结果）Heistoooldtoliftthebox.,13,3.表示原因:不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语,sorry,surprised,happy,glad,eager,angry,foolish,right,wrong,slow,quick,rude,cruel,disappointed等。,eg:Imglad/pleasedtoseeyou.Weweresurprisedtohearthenews.,14,(4).独立结构作状语,tobefrank,tobehonest(withyou),tomakethingsworse,Totell(you)thetruth,Idontagreewithyou.,类似的结构,15,(8)不定式与疑问词who,which,when,how,what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。,Hedidntknowwhattosay.Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.Myquestioniswhentostart.,注意：,在与why连用时，只用于why或whynot开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。Whynothavearest?,16,(9)不定式的省略,(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要省略该动词.,e.g.:-Wouldyouliketogowithme?-Yes,Idliketo.,(2).不定式是tobe结构,be不可省.(3)Ididnttellhimthenews.Oh,yououghttohave(toldhimthenews).,e.g.:-Wouldyouliketobeateacher?-Yes,Idliketobe.,17,1.Itisgoodtohelpothers.2.Itismyambitiontomakesurethatthedisabledpeopleinourneighborhoodhaveaccesstoallpublicbuildings.3.MyambitionistoworkinthecomputerindustrywhenIgrowup.,Identifyitsfunction.,(subject),(subject),(predicative),18,4.Idonthavetimetositaroundfeelingsorryformyself.5.Iamtheonlystudentinmyclasstohaveapetsnake.6.Abigcompanyhasdecidedtobuyitfromme.7.MyfellowstudentshavebeguntoacceptmeforwhoIam.,(attribute),(attribute),(object),(object),19,8.Ihavehadtoworkhardtoliveanormallife.9.SomedaysIamtootiredtogetoutofbed.10.Wemustcallonlocalgovernmenttogivefinancialassistancetodisabledpeople.,(adverbial),(adverbial),(objectcomplement),20,Exercise,21,1.Idontknowwhetheryouhappen_,butImgoingtostudyintheUSAthisSeptember.(2004辽宁）A.tobeheardB.tobehearingC.tohearD.tohaveheard,QuizII,MultipleChoice,22,2.Thiscompanywasthefirst_portableradiosaswellascassettetaperecordsintheworld.(2005上海春）A.producingB.toproduceC.havingproducedD.produced,23,3._thiscake,youllneed2eggs,175gsugarand175gflour.(2006广东）A.HavingmadeB.MakeC.TomakeD.Making,24,4.Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood_.(2008全国卷)A.tobebreathedB.tobreatheC.breathingD.beingbreathed,25,5.Didthebookgivetheinformationyouneeded?Yes.But_it,Ihadtoreadtheentirebook.(2008北京卷)A.tofindB.findC.tofindingD.finding,26,Ppany(keepsbcompany)ing6.that/which7.Wpletely,Passage2.1.like2.them3.before4.arebeingpolluted5.wonder6.and7.an8.strictest9.totake10.that/which,Passage3.1.crowded2.But3.an4.eating5.who/that6.going.Besides/Mments9.recommended10.whatever,Passage4.1.It2.viewers3.to4.But5.which6.performed7.the8.highlighting9.excited10.Though/Although,Passage5.1.lost2.a3.must4.that/which5.because6.worse7.tostay8.in/with9.saying10.wererescued,27,Passage6.1.grew2.As3.called4.successful5.how6.that/anization9.her10.the,Passage7.1.the2.it3.but4.exactly5.embarrassing6.wastaking7.parking8.when9.should10.time,Passage8.1.it2.wasasked3.saying4.a5.only6.physically7.who8.strengths9.whether10.important,Passage9.1.their2.useless3.tomake4.beinspired5.a6.playing7.weight8.Besides/Moreover9.that10.So,28,Ppeting4.different5.generally6.which7.them8.with9.ancestors10.The,Passage11.1.iscreated2.The3.actually4.from5.would（虚拟）6.tofigure7.idea8.waiting9.than10.while/but,Ppetitive8.when9.higher10.that/which,29,结构:todo(否定)not/nevertodo,二.时态与语态,不定式,todo,tobedone,tobedoing,tohavedone,tohavebeendone,tohavebeendoing,-,-,30,不定式的时态,不定式的一般式todoIamgladtoseeyou.Hehasdecidedtogivehersomemoney.Theyarediscussingthemeetingtotakeplacetomorrow.表示的动作通常与谓语所表示的动作或状态同时或者几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生。,31,不定式的进行式tobedoing,Iamverygladtobeworkingwithyou.Hepretendedtobeworkinghardwhenhisbosspassedhim.HeissaidtobestudyinginAmerica.表示的动作通常与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。,32,不定式的完成式tohavedone,Hehappenedtohaveseenthefilmbefore.HeisbelievedtohavestudiedinAmerica.不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动作或状态之前。,33,Hewantedtohavemetyouattheairport,buthedidntgetthereintime.表示过去没有实现的期待或者计划hoped,promised,wanted,wished,expected,planned,不定式的完成式tohavedone,Hewouldliketohaveplayedtheviolinattheconcert.不定式的完成式在wouldlike后边表示未能实现的愿望。,34,Exercises:1.Robertissaid_(study)abroad,butIdontknowwhatcountryhewillstudyin.2.Robertissaid_(study)abroad,butIdontknowwhatcountryheisstudyingin.3.Robertissaid_(study)abroad,butIdontknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.,35,不定式的语态,主动语态todo被动语态tobedoneItisanhonorformetobeinvitedtoattendthemeeting.Thenextthingtobedoneistogetourclassroompainted.ThenovelisbelievedtohavebeentranslatedintoChinese.Heissaidtohavebeenpraised.,36,Thequestionisverydifficult（forme)toanswer.Theproblemisdifficulttodealwith.Heishardtotalkto.Theairishardtobreathe.,1.主语be+adj.+todo,能用于此句型的形容词有:difficult,easy,fit,hard,pleasant,tiresome(使人疲劳的),comfortable,interesting,nice,heavy,dangerous,light,important,etc.一般认为形容词后省去了forsb.,主动形式表被动意义的不定式,9）不定式在句中用主动式还是被动式，多数情况下是容易判断的，但有时的确比较复杂,37,Theboxislightenoughtocarry.Theriverwateriswarmenoughtoswimin.,2.主语+be+adj.+enough+todo,Thebooksseemedtooheavytocarry.Theiceistoothintoskateon.,3.主语+be+too+adj.+todo,38,在therebe结构中，当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某件事时，不定式用主动形式；如果说话人强调的事情本身必须完成，则用被动形式。Thereisalotofworktodo.（Somebodyhastodothework.）Thereisalotofworktobedone.（Theworkhastobedone.）,39,不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式逻辑上构成主谓关系时，不定式往往用主动形式。如：Haveyougotakeytounlockthedoor?(Akeyunlocksthedoor.)不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动形式。Ihavegotalettertowrite.(Iwriteletter.）Heneedsaroomtolivein.（Helivesinaroom.）,40,当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。如：Heaskedtobesenttoworkinthecountryside.Itispossibleforourhopestoberealized.Doyouhaveanythingtowash?Doyouhaveanythingtobewashed?DoyouhaveanythingtobesenttoShanghai?,41,几对易混淆的词组：stoptodosth.停下来去做某事doingsth.停止做某事forgettodosth.忘记去做某事doingsth.忘记已做了某事,remembertodosth.记得去做某事doingsth.记得曾经做某事,meantodo打算做某事doing意味着trytodo尽力做doing试着做considertobe认为。是doing考虑做某事canthelpdo不能帮着做某事doing忍不住做某事,42,1.Thepatientwaswarned_oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating2.Iwouldlove_tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone3.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered_thefirstcomputer.A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented,43,4.LittleJimshouldlove_tothetheatrethisevening.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking5._lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingsleep6.Theteacheraskedus_somuchnoise.A.dontmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake,44,7.Pauldoesnthavetobemade_.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning9.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_.A.nottoB.nottodoC.nottorideD.donotto,45,10.Idontknowwhetheryouhappen_,butImgoingtostudyintheUSAthisSeptember.A.tobeheardB.tobehearingC.tohearD.tohaveheard11.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,_itmoredifficult.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.dontmake12.Iveworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat_inmynewjob.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects,46,13.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_whethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.see14.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows_.itwhattodowithB.whattodowithitC.whattodoitwithD.todowhatwithit,47,1爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。_arebothgreathappiness.2据说他已经完成了他的工作。Heissaid_.3根据报道他们已安全到达。Theyarereported_.,Toloveandtobeloved,tohavefinished/completed,hiswork,翻译下面的句子,tohavearrivedsafely,48,4我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。Iwantthisbike_.5玛利仿佛已经被告知此事了。Maryseemed_.6众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚金牌。Heisknown_agoldmedalattheOlympics.,toberepairedatonce,tohavebeentoldaboutit,tohavebeengiven,/immediately,49,10不定式符号to的保留问题有时为了避免重复，可以用to