第二版新标准大学英语第四册

.,.,Contents,ActiveReading1,.,WarmingUp,ListeningcomprehensionTask1:aboutnumbersTask2:questionsGroupdiscussion,.,Task1:Listentothereportandmatcheachnumberwiththerelatedinformation.1._peoplewereinvolvedinthesurvey.2.Thenumberofliteraturereadersin2002droppedby_fromtwentyyearsearlier.3._Americanadultsreadnovels,shortstories,playsorpoetryin2002.,WarmingUp,A.5.6%B.5.7%C.17,000D.47%E.10%F.6%G.24%,.,4.In1990,Americanpeoplespent_oftheirexpenditureonaudioandvideorecordingsandoncomputersandsoftware.5.In1990,Americanpeoplespentabout_oftheirspendingonbooks.6.By2002,_ofAmericansspendingwenttobookbuying._percentwenttoelectronics.,WarmingUp,Key,A.5.6%B.5.7%C.17,000D.47%E.10%F.6%G.24%,Script,.,Task1:Listentothereportandmatcheachnumberwiththerelatedinformation.1._peoplewereinvolvedinthesurvey.2.Thenumberofliteraturereadersin2002droppedby_fromtwentyyearsearlier.3._Americanadultsreadnovels,shortstories,playsorpoetryin2002.,WarmingUp,C,E,D,A.5.6%B.5.7%C.17,000D.47%E.10%F.6%G.24%,.,4.In1990,Americanpeoplespent_oftheirexpenditureonaudioandvideorecordingsandoncomputersandsoftware.5.In1990,Americanpeoplespentabout_oftheirspendingonbooks.6.By2002,_ofAmericansspendingwenttobookbuying._percentwenttoelectronics.,WarmingUp,A,G,F,B,A.5.6%B.5.7%C.17,000D.47%E.10%F.6%G.24%,.,Task2:Listentothesecondpartofthereportandanswerthefollowingquestions.1.HowdidCharlesMcGrathcriticizetheresearch?2.HowdidDavidGreenhelppeoplepublishtheirwritings?3.Isthereanynewwayforbeginningwriterstopublishtheirworks?,WarmingUp,Script,.,1.HowdidCharlesMcGrathcriticizetheresearch?Heregretsthattheresearchdidnotincludeworksofnon-fiction,magazines,newspapersortheInternet.2.HowdidDavidGreenhelppeoplepublishtheirwritings?HehaspublishedasmallmagazineofshortstoriescalledGreensMagazinefourtimesayeartohelppeoplegettheirworkprinted.3.Isthereanyothernewwayforbeginningwriterstopublishtheirworks?WriterscanplacetheirworkontheInternet.Thatway,peoplecanreaditonlineorprintoutacopy.,WarmingUp,.,ScriptAmericanshavereadalotinrecentweeksaboutastudy.Itshowsthatforthefirsttimeinmodernhistory,fewerthanhalftheadultsinthecountryreadliterature.Thereportsays47%ofAmericanadultsreadnovels,shortstories,playsorpoetryin2002.Thatwasdone10percentagepointsfrom20yearsearlier.Researchersasked17,000peopleabouttheirreading.Thepeoplecoulddefineliteraturehowevertheywanted.Itcouldbeanykindoffiction,poetryorplay.Itcouldincludeworkslikelovestories,mysteriesorsciencefiction.,WarmingUp,.,Theresearcherscomparedtheresultswithfindingsfrom1982and1992.Womenreadmoreliteraturethanmen.Buttheresearchshowsthatmenandwomenarebothreadinglessandless.ThereportlistshowAmericansdividetheirspendingonthingslikeentertainment.In1990,theyspent6percentonaudioandvideorecordingsandoncomputersandsoftware.Theyspentalmostasmuch,5.7percent,onbooks.By2002,5.6percentwenttobookbuying.24percentwenttoelectronics.Butsomepeopledousetechnologytolistentorecordingsofbooksorreadelectronicversions.,WarmingUp,.,CharlesMcGrathisformereditoroftheBookReviewatTheNewYorkTimes.ThenewspaperpublishedacommentaryinwhichMisterMcGrathnotedthatthestudydealtonlywithliterature.Hesaidheregretsthattheresearchdidnotincludeworksofnon-fiction.Afterall,hesays,somebooksaboutfactsandeventsareveryimportantfortheinformationtheyprovide.Forexample,hesaysrecentbooksaboutthewarinIraqareshapingnationaldebate.Also,MisterMcGrathnotedthatthereportdidnotconsidermagazines,newspapersortheInternet.,WarmingUp,.,WhileAmericansarereadinglessliterature,morearetryingtowriteit.AndeditorslikeDavidGreenaretryingtohelppeoplegettheirworkprinted.Formanyyears,hehaspublishedasmallmagazineofshortstoriescalledGreensMagazine.MisterGreensaysitiscostlytoproduceandmailfourtimesayear.AfewthousandAmericansandCanadiansbuyit.Buthesaysonereasonhestartedthepublicationwastohelpbeginningwriters.Hesaysithasalwaysbeendifficultfornewwriterstofindapublisher.Today,though,writerswhocannotgettheirworkpublishedbyatraditionalpublishingcompanycanplacetheirworkontheInternet.Thatway,peoplecanreaditonlineorprintoutacopy.,WarmingUp,.,WarmingUp,GroupdiscussionHaveyouheardofthefollowingworld-famouswriters?Matcheachwriterwithhisorherbriefintroductionandthenfigureoutwhoseworkstheyare.,.,WarmingUp,HansChristianAndersen,MarkTwain,WilliamShakespeare,ErnestHemingway,LeoTolstoy,AgathaChristie,.,Matcheachwriterwithhisorherbriefintroduction.1.aDanishauthor,fairytalewriter,andpoetnotedforthechildrensstories2.anEnglishpoetandplaywright,widelyregardedasthegreatestwriterintheEnglishlanguageandtheworldspre-eminentdramatist3.aBritishcrimewriterofnovels,shortstories,andplays,bestrememberedforthe80detectivenovels,WarmingUp,H.C.Andersen,W.Shakespeare,AgathaChristie,MarkTwainH.C.AndersenW.ShakespeareLeoTolstoyE.HemingwayAgathaChristie,.,4.anAmericanauthorandhumorist,laudedasthe“greatestAmericanhumoristofhisage,”and“thefatherofAmericanliterature”.5.aRussianwriterwhoprimarilywrotenovelsandshortstories,alsonotedasamoralthinkerandsocialreformer6.anAmericanauthorandjournalistwhoproducedlotsofworkbetweenthemid-1920sandthemid-1950sandaNobelPrizewinner,WarmingUp,MarkTwainH.C.AndersenW.ShakespeareLeoTolstoyE.HemingwayAgathaChristie,MarkTwain,LeoTolstoy,E.Hemingway,.,Lookatsomepictureswhichprovidecluesaboutthebookstheyarerelatedto.Namethebooksandmatchtheirauthors.,WarmingUp,MarkTwainH.C.AndersenW.ShakespeareLeoTolstoyE.HemingwayAgathaChristie,TheOldManandTheSeabyErnestHemingway,.,WarmingUp,MarkTwainH.C.AndersenW.ShakespeareLeoTolstoyE.HemingwayAgathaChristie,TheEmperorsNewClothesbyH.C.Andersen,AnnaKareninabyLeoTolstoy,.,WarmingUp,MarkTwainH.C.AndersenW.ShakespeareLeoTolstoyE.HemingwayAgathaChristie,TheMillionPoundNotebyMarkTwain,TheLittleMatchGirlbyH.C.Andersen,.,WarmingUp,TheAdventuresofTomSawyerbyMarkTwain,RomeoandJulietbyW.Shakespeare,MarkTwainH.C.AndersenW.ShakespeareLeoTolstoyE.HemingwayAgathaChristie,.,WarmingUp,MurderontheOrientExpressbyAgathaChristie,HamletbyW.Shakespeare,MarkTwainH.C.AndersenW.ShakespeareLeoTolstoyE.HemingwayAgathaChristie,.,Text,.,Danger!Booksmaychangeyourlife1LikeLewisCarrollsAlice,whofallsintoarabbitholeanddiscoversamysteriouswonderland,whenwepickupabookweareabouttoenteranewworld.Webecomeobserversoflifefromthepointofviewofapersonolderthanourselves,orthroughtheeyesofachild.Wemaytravelaroundtheglobetocountriesorcultureswewouldneverdreamofvisitinginreallife.Wellhaveexperienceswhicharenew,sometimesdisconcerting,maybedeeplyattractive,possiblyunpleasantorpainful,butneverlessthanliberatingfromtherealworldwecomefrom.,Text,.,2TheEnglishpoetWilliamCowper(17311800)said“Varietystheveryspiceoflife,/Thatgivesitallitsflavour”althoughheneglectedtosaywhereorhowwecouldfindit.Butweknowhewasright.Weknowweliveinaworldofvarietyanddifference.Weknowthatpeoplelivevariousdifferentlives,spendtheirtimeinvariousdifferentways,havedifferentjobs,believeindifferentthings,havedifferentopinionsanddifferentcustoms,andspeakdifferentlanguages.Normally,wedontknowtheextentofthesedifferences,yetsometimeswhensomethingunusualhappenstomakeusnotice,varietyanddifferenceappearmoreasathreatthananopportunity.,Text,.,3Readingbooksallowsustoenjoyandcelebratethisvarietyanddifferenceinsafety,andprovidesuswithanopportunitytogrow.Tointeractwithotherpeopleslivesinthepeaceandquietofourhomesisaprivilegewhichonlyreadingfictioncanaffordus.Weevenunderstand,howeverfleetingly,thatwehavemoreincommonwithotherreadersofbooksinotherculturesthanwemightdowiththefirstpersonwemeetwhenwestepoutofourfrontdoors.Welearntolookbeyondourimmediatesurroundingstothehorizonandalandscapefarawayfromhome.,Text,.,4Ifweeverquestionthetruthofthepowerofreadingbooks,weshouldtakethetroubletogotoourlocallibraryorbookshop,oreven,ifwerefortunateenough,tothebooksonourshelvesathome.Weshouldwonderatthestrikingvistascreatedbythetitlesofnovelsrangingfromtheclassicstothemostrecent:TheGrapesofWrathbyJohnSteinbeck,TheFourthHandbyJohnIrving,CancerWardbyAleksandrSolzhenitsyn,ForWhomtheBellTollsbyErnestHemingway,OurManinHavanabyGrahamGreene,TheTimeTravelersWifebyAudreyNiffeneggerorSalmonFishingintheYemenbyPaulTorday.Thenweshouldreflectontheotherliveswellmeetoncewebegintoread.,Text,.,5Everybookwillhaveitsownlanguageanddialect,itsownvocabularyandgrammar.Wemaynotalwaysunderstandeverywordorsentence,butwhetherwereenchantedorwhetherwefeelexcluded,ouremotionsareneverthelessstimulated.Otherpeopleandotherculturesarenotalwaysdistantbecauseofgeography.Inabookwemayconfrontpeoplewholiveinadifferentclimate,havedifferentreligiousbeliefs,orcomefromadifferentethnicgroup.Evenourneighboursdowntheroadmaybestrangerswhowecanonlymeetthroughbooks.,Text,.,6Assoonasweareabletolisten,booksaresupremelyinfluentialinthewaywelive.Fromthebedtimestoryreadbyaparentallthewaythroughtothesittingroomlinedwithbooksinouradulthomes,booksdefineourlives.TheEnglishwriterE.M.Forster(18791970)evenhintedatamoremysticalpowerwhichbookspossessoverus.Hewrote,“Isuggestthattheonlybooksthatinfluenceusarethoseforwhichweareready,andwhichhavegonealittlefurtherdownourparticularpaththanwehavegoneourselves.”Itsasiftherightbookcomestoseekusoutattherightmoment,andoffersitselftousitsnotuswhoseekoutthebook.,Text,.,7ThomasMerton(19151968),theAmericanmonk,priestandwriter,wasonceaskedaseriesofsevenquestionsbyajournalist:Namethelastthreebooksyouhaveread,thethreebooksyouarereadingnow,thebooksyouintendtoread,thebooksthathaveinfluencedyou,andwhy,abookthateveryoneshouldread,andwhy.Forthebookswhichhadinfluencedhim,hecitedpoeticworksofWilliamBlake,variousplaysbyancientGreekthinkersandwriters,andanumberofreligiouswritings.,Text,.,Whenaskedwhytheyhadinfluencedhim,hereplied,“Thesebooksandotherslikethemhavehelpedmetodiscovertherealmeaningofmylife,andhavemadeitpossibleformetogetoutoftheconfusionandmeaninglessnessofanexistencecompletelyimmersedintheneedsandpassivitiesfosteredbyacultureinwhichsalesareeverything.”8Sohowwouldyouanswerthequestions?,Text,.,9In1947,CliftonFadimancoinedthetermhome-runbook.Whenabaseballplayerhitsahomerun,hehitstheballsohardandsofarhesabletorunroundthefourbasesofthediamond,andscorepointsnotonlyforhimselfbutfortheotherrunnersalreadyonabase.Itsthemostenjoyableandsatisfyingeventinabaseballgame.Likewise,ahome-runbookdescribesnotthechildsfirstreadingexperience,butthefirsttimetheyreadabookwhichinducessuchpleasureandsatisfactionthattheycantputitdown.Forhundredsofmillionsofchildrenaroundtheworld,thebestknownexampleofahome-runbookwillbetheHarryPotterstories.,Text,.,10Asadults,werealwayslookingforourownhome-runbooks,notjustforthefirsttime,buttimeaftertimeagain.Anyonewhohaseverreadanovelinonesittingwillalwaysrememberthepleasureandsatisfactionwhichawaitthem,andeagerly,insistently,sometimesevendesperatelyseekstoreproducethemarvelloussensationagain.Wecannotwithstandthehungertovisitanotherworld,tomeetdifferentpeople,toliveotherlivesandtoreflectonourselves.11Danger!Booksmaychangeyourlife.Suchisthepowerofreading.,Text,.,Text,危险！书可能会改变你的人生1刘易斯卡罗尔书中的爱丽丝不小心掉进了兔子洞里，但她在那里发现了一个神奇的仙境。当我们打开一本书时，我们也会像爱丽丝那样走进一个全新的世界。我们能从一个年长者的角度，或通过一个孩子的眼睛来观察生活；我们可以周游世界，遍访现实生活中从没想过要访问的国家和文化；我们可以体验未曾经历过的事情，这些事情也许令人困惑，也许引人入胜；可能是不愉快的，也可能是令人痛苦的，但无论如何都至少能把我们从现实世界中解放出来。,.,Text,2英国诗人威廉柯珀（17311800）说：“变化是生活的调味品，它让生活变得有滋有味。”虽然他没有说在什么地方以及怎样才能找到变化，但我们知道他说得对。我们知道我们生活在一个充满变化与差异的世界里，我们知道人们的生活各不相同，过日子的方式也不尽相同，人们做不同的工作，有不同的信仰，持不同的观点，有不同的风俗习惯，操不同的语言。通常，我们不知道这些差异的大小，但一旦发生了不平常的事情并引起了我们的注意，这种变化或差异与其说是机会，毋宁说是威胁。,.,Text,3读书让我们能够安全地享受和庆贺这种变化与差异，并为我们提供成长的机会。在家里安详平和的环境中与他人的生活互动，这是阅读小说才享有的特权。我们甚至感觉到哪怕只是在一瞬间我们和其他文化读者的共同点或许要多于我们和家门口随便碰到的一个人的共同点。我们学会把目光移出我们周围的环境，投向天边，去领略一下异域风光。,.,Text,4如果我们怀疑读书是否能给我们力量的话，我们就应该自己去一趟当地的图书馆或书店，或者，如果我们足够幸运的话，可以读一读家里书架上的书。我们会惊奇于古今小说的标题所创造出来的壮观景象：约翰斯坦贝克的愤怒的葡萄、约翰欧文的第四只手、亚历山大索尔仁尼琴的癌病房、欧内斯特海明威的丧钟为谁而鸣、格雷厄姆格林的哈瓦那特派员、奥黛丽尼芬格的时间旅行者的妻子、保罗托迪的到也门钓鲑鱼。一旦开始阅读，我们就应该思考一下我们在书中读到的别样人生。,.,Text,5每一本书都有自己的语言、方言、词汇和语法。我们不见得总能理解其中的每一个字、每一句话，但不管我们是痴迷其中，还是觉得被排斥在外，我们的情感被调动起来了。尽管在地理上有一定的距离，但其他民族、其他文化未必就离我们那么遥远。在书里我们可能遇见生活在不同气候、有不同信仰、属于不同种族的人。即便是住在同一条街上的邻居，我们也可能对其一无所知，而只能通过阅读结识。,.,Text,6小时候，在我们刚刚能听懂别人说话的时候书就对我们的生活方式产生了很大的影响。从父母读的睡前故事一直到成年后家中摆满书的客厅，书界定了我们的人生。英国作家E.M.福斯特（18791970）暗示书对我们具有另一种更加神秘的支配力。他写道：“我认为能影响我们的书籍是那些我们已经准备要读的书，而且这些书在我们已经选定的道路上走得比我们更远一些。”合适的书好像自己就会在恰当的时候找到我们，出现在我们面前，而不是我们去寻找那本书。,.,Text,7美国修士、牧师及作家托马斯默顿（19151968）曾经被记者一连串地问了7个问题：说出你最近读完的3本书；你正在读的3本书；你打算要读的书；对你有影响的书，并解释一下理由；一本你觉得每人都要读的书，并解释一下理由。关于对他有影响的书，他列出了威廉布莱克的诗集、古希腊思想家和作家写的各种戏剧以及一些宗教作品。,.,Text,当被问及这些书为何会影响他时，他回答说：“这些书还有其他类似的书籍帮助我找到了人生的真谛。销售就是一切的文化培育了人们无止境的需求和消极被动，生活充满了困惑和空虚，而书籍则把我从这种困惑和空虚中解脱了出来。”8那么，你又会如何回答这些问题呢？,.,Text,91947年，克里夫顿费迪曼发明了“全垒打书籍”这个词。当一个棒球手打出一个全垒打时，因为击球有力、打得远，他有时间跑完整个棒球场内的四个垒，不仅自己得分，而且还能帮其他各个垒的跑垒者得分，这是棒球赛里最有趣和最开心的事情。同样，一本“全垒打书籍”指的不是儿童第一次读书的经历，而是指他第一次读到一本给他带来极大愉悦和满足感的书以至于让他爱不释手的经历。对世界上数以亿计的儿童来说，“全垒打书籍”的最典型的例子就是哈利波特系列故事。,.,Text,10作为作为成年人，我们总在寻找自己的“全垒打书籍”，不仅是第一次，而是一次又一次地寻找。所有曾经一口气读完一本小说的人都会记得那种令人期待的愉悦和满足感，并会焦急、固执、有时甚至疯狂地寻求重复体验这种感觉。我们想周游另一个世界、想与不同的人见面、想经历别样的人生并自我反省，我们无法遏制这样的渴求。11危险！书可能会改变你的人生。这就是读书的力量。,.,Wordsusually通常；按惯例e.g.Itsanopportunitytotrythingsyouwouldntnormallybeabletodo.你可以借这次机会尝试平常不可能做的事情。2.intheusualway正常地e.g.Mumwastryingtoactnormally,butshewasclearlyupset.妈妈试图表现得正常，但是她明显很不安。Wordfamily:normala.Antonym:abnormally,Wordspoetryn.,Wordsabsorb使深深陷入；使专心于e.g.1.Lindawasdeeplyimmersedinherstudy.琳达专注于她的学业。2.Heimmersedhimselfinworksoastostopthinkingabouther.他埋头工作以便不再思念她。,Wordspromote培养；鼓励；助长e.g.Themothertriedtofosterhersonsinterestinmusic.母亲设法培养儿子对音乐的兴趣。2.vt.shewonttake“no”forananswer.她是个非常坚持己见的人，决不容别人反对。,Wordsaftereightyears,hewasexiledtoKazakhstanandnotfreeduntil1956,whenhebecameateacher.In1970,Words/Holdinfinityinthepalmofyourhand,/Andeternityinanhour”.,PortraitofWilliamBlake,.,CliftonFadiman克里夫顿费迪曼（美国作家、评论家、广播和电视节目主持人）,Wordsitsthebookswhich_us_.3Booksallowusto_ourselvesinideasandtherealmeaningoflife.4Ahome-runbookisonewhich_ourinterestsothatwecantputitdown.5Weoftenre-readabookinorderto_thesameenjoymentweexperiencedwhenwereaditthefirsttime.,Exercises,hinted,immerse,fosters,seek,out,reproduce,.,5Completetheparagraphwiththecorrectformofthewordsbelow.citeexcludeneglectnormallywithstandWhenIwasastudent,oneofmyfavouritegameswascalled“DesertIslandBooks”.Theformatwasalwaysthesame:Guestcelebritieswereaskedtoimaginetheyhadbeenwashedashoreonadesertisland,andhadtochooseninebooks(1)_theBibleandShakespeare,whichtheywerealreadyprovidedwithtotakewiththemtotheisland,tohelpthem(2)_thephysicalandmentalisolation.IsometimesliketothinkwhichbooksIwouldtake.,Exercises,excluding,withstand,.,Exercises,citeexcludeneglectnormallywithstand(3)_,likemostpeople,Idonthavemuchtimeforreading,andIcould(4)_dozensofbookswhichIhaveneverreadbutwhichIwouldliketo.ItsanopportunityIhavewaitedforallmylife,infact.ButwhatwouldIchoose?Mostlynovels,probably,butIwouldnt(5)_toincludeavolumeortwoofpoetry.Myfirstchoice,Ithink,wouldbeTolstoysWarandPeace.Iveneverreadit,butImreadytobelievethatitisoneofthemostmarvellousbookseverwritten.,Normally,cite,neglect,.,6Replacetheunderlinedwordswiththecorrectformofthewordsbelow.confrontdialectinduceinfluentialinteractlikewisemysterious1Inagoodnovel,thewriterandreadercommunicatewitheachother.2Ihavetofaceuptotheproblemsoonerorlater.3IreadthebookinonesittingandMarydidtoo.,Exercises,interact,confront,likewise,.,Exercises,confrontdialectinduceinfluentialinteractlikewisemysterious4E.M.ForsterwasoneofthemostimportantandrespectedBritishnovelistsofthe20thcentury.5Doyoubelievethataworkofliteraturecanactuallyleadtosocialchanges?6RobertBurnswasagreatpoetwhowroteinthelanguagevarietyspokeninScotland.7TheTimeTravelersWifeisthestoryofamanwhohasastrangeandinexplicablegeneticdisorder.,influential,induce,dialect,mysterious,.,Exercises,7Answerthequestionsaboutthewords.1Ifyouhavehadadisconcertingexperience,doyoufeelabit(a)tired,or(b)confused?2Ifyouhaveavistaofsomething,canyou(a)seeorimagineit,or(b)goandvisitit?3Wouldyouexpressgreatwrathby(a)smilingatsomeone,or(b)shoutingatthem?,7Answerthequestionsaboutthewords.1Ifyouhavehadadisconcertingexperience,doyoufeelabit(a)tired,or(b)confused?2Ifyouhaveavistaofsomething,canyou(a)seeorimagineit,or(b)goandvisitit?3Wouldyouexpressgreatwrathby(a)smilingatsomeone,or(b)shoutingatthem?,.,4Ifyoufeelenchantedbyabook,doyou(a)likeitalot,or(b)notlikeitatall?5Isawriterwhoissupremelytalented(a)verygood,or(b)quitegoodathisjob?6Ifyouaredesperatelytryingtogetajob,areyou(a)tryingveryhardtogetit,or(b)caringlittlewhetheryougetitornot?7Isasensation(a)acertainty,or(b)justafeeling?,Exercises,4Ifyoufeelenchantedbyabook,doyou(a)likeitalot,or(b)notlikeitatall?5Isawriterwhoissupremelytalented(a)verygood,or(b)quitegoodathisjob?6Ifyouaredesperatelytryingtogetajob,areyou(a)tryingveryhardtogetit,or(b)caringlittlewhetheryougetitornot?7Isasensation(a)acertainty,or(b)justafeeling?,.,Readingandinterpreting8Check()thewritersmainpurposeinwritingthepassage.9Workinpairs.Lookatthestatementsfromthepassageanddiscussthequestions.,Exercises,.,8Check()thewritersmainpurposeinwritingthepassage.1Toshowthereaderhowtoreadfiction.2Tosuggestthatfictionismorepowerfulthannon-fiction.3Topersuadethereaderthatreadingcanbealife-changingexperience.4Toclaimthatbooksprovidethemeaningtolife.5Torecommendsomemajornovelstoread.Nowworkinpairs.Discusshowsuccessfulthewriterisinachievingthepurpose.,Exercises,.,9Workinpairs.Lookatthestatementsfromthepassageanddiscussthequestions.ReactingtothetextInan“opinion”pieceofwriting,whoseprimaryaimistopersuadethereadertoseesomethingfromthewriterspointofview,thewriterislikelytomakestatementswhicharenotobjective.Thereaderisfreetoagreeortodisagreewiththesestatements,especiallywhentheyarenotbackedupbyexamples.,Exercises,.,1whenwepickupabookweareabouttoenteranewworld.Doyouagreewiththisstatement?Isthistrueofeverybook?Iagreewiththisuptoapoint,butitisnottrueofeverybook.Youmayalreadybeveryfamiliarwiththeworldofsomeparticularbooks.Soalthoughyoumightreadthem,theywouldnttakeyoutoanewworld.,Exercises,.,2Wellhaveexperienceswhicharenew,sometimesdisconcerting,maybedeeplyattractive,possiblyunpleasantorpainful,butneverlessthanliberatingfromtherealworldwecomefrom.Howcanreadingbea“painful”experience?Inwhatsensedoesre