【高中英语语法】动名词-PPT课件.ppt

Gerund,xxx,I.Forms,1SubjectWritingthebookhastakenupallhissparetime.翻译:眼见为实.Seeingisbelieving.,II.Functions,注：It作形式主语(nouse,nogood,fun,awasteoftime,worthwhile);或Therebeno+Vinga.Itsnogoodtalkingalotwithoutdoinganything.对此争论是浪费时间.Itsawasteoftimearguingaboutit.b.Theresnojokingaboutsuchmatters.Theresnosayingwhathellbedoingnext.Theresnotellingwhathesgoingtodo.,注：动名词作主语与不定式作主语的区别：动名词作主语通常表示抽象的或泛指的动作，一般不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起；不定式作主语通常表示具体的动作或行为，往往与特定的动作执行者联系在一起Itsnousecryingoverspiltmilk.(抽象)Herealizedthattogoonlikethiswasnouse.(具体)在实际运用中，一般可以互换，差异不大。,但在下列几种情况中不能互换：a.当表语是动名词时，主语也要用动名词；当表语是不定式时，主语也要用不定式，如：Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.,b.动名词和不定式作主语，一般都可以使用形式主语it，而将动名词或不定式放在句尾。但是在下列句型中，一般宜用动名词，不宜用不定式来代替：ItsnousedoingItsnogooddoingItsawasteoftimedoingItsfundoing,如：Itsnousegoingtheretoday;hewontbeathome.Itsnogoodwaitinghere.Letswalkhome.Itsgreatfunsailingaboat.,c.而在Itsimportant/Itsnecessary/Itsadvisable/Itsessential这类句型中，只能用不定式，如：Itsimportanttolearnforeignlanguages.读许多遍是很有必要的.Itsquitenecessarytoreaditmanytimes.,2PredicativeTheirjobisbuildinghouses.Myfavoritesportisswimming.,注：动名词作表语与不定式作表语的区别：动名词作表语时表示比较抽象的一般行为、习惯；不定式作表语时表示具体的某一次动作，特别是将来的动作，试比较：Hisjobisraisingpigs.Mymainjobnowistoteachthemtoreadthetext.,3ObjectHearingthewords,shecouldnthelpthinkingofherpastbitterness.我们都回避提及此事.Weallavoidedmentioningthatmatter.,能用动名词作宾语的动词有两类：.只能用动名词作宾语的动词，其中有：avoid,admit,advise,appreciate,consider,delay,dislike,enjoy,escape,finish,giveup,canthelp,imagine,keep(on),dontmind,miss,practise,putoff,goon,resist,suggest等，如：Ienjoyworkingwithyou.玛莉正考虑换工作.Maryisconsideringchangingherjob.Wouldyoumindringingmeuptomorrow?,.既可以用动名词，又可以用不定式作宾语的动词，其中有：begin,continue,forget,hate,like,love,prefer,propose（建议，打算）,regret,remember,start,try,want,need,stop,但是在下列情况下，通常用不定式：a.在like/love/prefer/hate后表示一个特定的新动作时：Iliketobuyasuit.我不愿意让他们失望Ihatetodisappointthem.b.当谓语动词已用进行时态时：Thewaterisbeginning/startingtoboil.Imstartingtoworkonmyessaynextweek.,c.在begin等后，非限定动词由某些状态动词构成时（即：指心理状态或精神活动时）Shebegantobelievehisstory.Hebegantorealizethathewaswrong.d.当主语是物，不是人时：Thewaterstarted/begantoboil.Theicestarted/begantomelt.,B.在need,want,deserve等后，可用动名词的主动式表示被动含义，或用不定式的被动式，意义上无差别。但用动名词较为普遍，（这时主语一般是物），如：Thedoorneedsoiling/tobeoiled.,C.有的动词尽管可以用两种结构，但意义明显不同，须认真加以区别(mean,remember)IforgottoclosethedoorbeforeIlefttheroom.Iforgothavingclosedthedoor.Hetriedtowritebetter.(尽量努力地写)Hetriedwritingwithabrush.(用毛笔试着写)Icouldnthelpfinishingit.(不能不结束某事)Icouldnthelptofinishit.(不能帮助结束某事)Theyleftofffishing.(停止钓鱼)Theyleftofftofish.(离开某处出发去钓鱼)Iregrettosaythatthereisnowineinthebottle.(对现在要发生的事表示遗憾、抱歉)Iregretnottakingyouradvice.(后悔),动名词（短语）还常常跟在短语动词之后，作介词的宾语。常见的有：insiston/persistin/thinkof/dreamof/hearof/preventfrom/keepfrom/stopfrom/feellike/beengagedin/dependon/thankfor/excusefor/setabout/spendin/befondof/beafraidof/betiredof/succeedin/beinterestedin/beproudof/burstout/giveupobjectto/lookforwardto/contributeto/devoteto/get(be)usedto/leadto/等，,如：Whydoyoupersistinthinkingthatway/doingso?Heinsistedonseeingushome.Theyallobjectedtoputtingthemeetingoff.Areyouinterestedingoingtotheshow?Imthinkingofgoingtotownthisafternoon.Idontfeellikeeatinganything.Sheisafraidoffallingbehindtheothers.Hefinallygottiredofdoingofficework.,(3)v.+Gerund(object)v.+object+infinitive(complement)advise,admit,allow,consider,permit,encourage,forbid,recommendSherecommendedustovisitthetownofLondon.SherecommendedvisitingthetownofLondon.,4Prep.+Gerund=Adverbial(about,against,at,before,after,by,for,besides,from,in,on,upon,without)Hewarnedmeagainstswimmingthere.Sheleftwithoutsayinggood-byetous.Besidescookingandsewing,shehadtotakecareofthechildren.Hefeltuncomfortableaboutacceptingthegift.,5Prep.+Gerund=Attributive如：WhatstheirreasonforcancelingtheEnglishevening?Haveyouanyobjectiontogoingthereonfoot?Hehaslittlehopeofpassinghisexaminations.,6Attributive如：singingcompetitionswimmingpooldiningcaropeningspeechdrinkingcuplivingroomtypingpaperwaitingroomwritingdeskwashingmachinefrying-pansleeping-pillwalkingstickteachingmethod,Gerund复合结构:前面带有代词或名词有时为了明确动名词所表示的动作的执行者，可以在动名词之前加上一个物主代词或名词所有格，来表示动名词逻辑上的主语。有时也可以用人称代词宾格或名词普通格，但主要用于口语中。Shewonthearofourleavingthevillage.DoyouobjecttoLiPingsjoiningthephysicsgroup?,III.CompoundStructure,动名词的复合结构有下列用法：作主语：放在句首作主语应该用物主代词和所有格Theircomingtohelpwasagreatencouragementtous.LaoLisgoingwontbeofmuchhelp.,作表语：Oursoleworryisyourrelyingtoomuchonyourself.Whatstroublingthemistheirnothavingenoughmachine,作宾语：Doyoumindmyreadingyourpaper?Pleaseexcusemyinterruptingyou.,作介词宾语：Theyinsistedonmystayingthereforsupper.Doyouthinktherewillbeanychanceofmyseeinghimagain?,IV.PerfectandPassiveVoice,动名词的一般形式通常表示一般性动作（即不是明确地在过去、现在或将来发生的动作）或是与谓语所表示的动作同时发生的动作，如：Theyareallinterestedinclimbingmountains.Hetookagreatdelightinhelpingothers.,1.如果要表示动名词代表的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，通常用动名词的完成形式，如：Hedidntmentionhavingmetme.Iregretnothavingtakenheradvice.Idontrememberhavingeverpromisedyouthat.,注：在某些动词之后（或在成语中）常用（或可以用）动名词的一般形式表示在谓语动作之前发生的动作，如：Excusemeforcominglate.Idontremembereverseeinghimanywhere.,2.当一个动名词逻辑上的主语所表