高二英语Chapter 5 Green Orchids沪教版

Chapter 5 Green Orchids一周强化一、考纲词汇讲解1blow n. 吹，打击，殴打(blew, blown) v. 吹，吹动；随风飘动；吹响，吹奏；烧断(保险丝等)；使爆炸It was a great blow when he failed to pass the exam.他考试不及格对他是个重大的打击。Its blowing hard tonight.今晚风大得很。The flags were blowing in the wind.旗帜在随风飘扬。We heard the bugles blowing.我们听到号角在吹响。The explosion blew the bridge to smithereens.爆炸中桥被炸得粉碎。2command n. 命令，指挥，控制 v. 命令，指挥，支配；博得，赢得I command that he (should) go at once.=I command him to go at once.我命令他立即就去。The army is under the kings direct command.军队由国王直接统率。He was told to command his temper.有人叫他控制脾气。Honesty commands respect.诚实博得尊敬。He has a hundred men under his command.他指挥一百个人。She has a good command of spoken English.她的英语口语很熟练。3course n. 课程，讲座；过程，路线；一道(菜)v. 追猎，急行，运行，流动；追；奔过；奔经；流行Tears coursed down his cheeks.眼泪从他的面颊上流下。Our course was straight to the north.我们是朝正北方向航行。The blood coursed through the arteries.血液在动脉血管中循环。We had three courses：soup, meat and vegetables, and fruit.我们有三道菜：汤、肉和蔬菜，还有水果。习惯用语in course of 在过程中in (the) course of 在期间of course 当然，自然4foresee (foresaw; foreseen ) v. 预见，预知He foresaw that his journey would be delayed by bad weather.他预知自己的旅程会被恶劣天气耽搁。Nobody could foresee his running away.没人预见到他的逃跑。+v-ingIt is hard to foresee what will happen.很难预知将会发生之事。+wh-He foresaw that prices would drop.他预见到物价会下跌。+(that)5huge adj. 巨大的；庞大的a huge amount of food大量的食物The bank will lend your company quite a huge sum of money on very favourable terms.银行将以非常优惠的条件给贵公司一笔相当可观的贷款。The TV play was a huge success.这部电视剧取得了巨大的成功。She spent a huge amount of money on that coat.她花了大笔的钱买那件衣服。6obese a. 极肥胖的词性变化：obesely adv.obeseness n.Obese patients are advised to change their diet.建议肥胖病人改变饮食。Obese people find it difficult to stop overeating.胖人觉得一吃就过量，难以控制。7profit n. 利润，赢利，利益v. 有益，获利，赚钱There is very little profit in selling newspapers at present.现在卖报纸利润很少。It will profit you nothing to do that.你做那件事没有什么好处。He made a profit of fifty thousand US dollars on his house.他卖掉房子获利五万美元。We gained a lot of profit from your advice.我们从你的建议中获益匪浅。He learned to profit by his mistakes.他学会了从自己的错误中获益。8consequence ad. 因而，所以n. 结果，后果；重要性；价值As a consequence of being in hospital, Shelly decided that she wanted to become a nurse.由于在医院的缘故，谢莉决定当一名护士。He studied hard, and in consequence he passed the exam.他努力学习，因此通过了考试。Is it of any consequence to you?对你重要吗？take the consequences (of) 承担后果9vital adj. 至关重要的，生死攸关的，有活力的，充满生机的The leaders vital and cheerful manner filled his men with courage.指挥官朝气蓬勃和欢欣愉悦的神态使士兵们勇气倍增。The heart is a vital organ.心脏是维持生命必须的器官。It is vital that we move quickly.我们必须快速离开。10growl n. 吠声，不平，咆哮声 v. 怒吠，咆哮，吼The coach growled at the players who were late.教练对着迟到的运动员咆哮。The dog growled at me.那狗向我咆哮。We heard the thunder growling in the distance.我们听见远处隆隆的雷声。11doom n. 命运，不幸，宣告判决v. 命中注定，宣告The project was doomed to failure.这工程注定失败。The court doomed him to life imprisonment.法庭判他终身监禁。Excessive rainfall doomed the crops.过多的雨水使庄稼歉收。12mighty adj. 强有力的adv. 口很He was mighty hungry.他肚子很饿。Im mighty glad to win the game.我非常高兴赢了这场比赛。Little drops of water make the mighty ocean.【谚】涓滴之水汇成洋。13fall over oneself to do sth. 特别卖力；迫不及待；煞费苦心；不遗余力He is falling himself to be nice to me.他尽力对我友好。People were falling over themselves to be introduced to the visiting film stars.人们千方百计地想把自己介绍给到访的影星。14apart ad. 分别地，分开的I cant tell the twins apart.我辨认不出这对双胞胎。He took the watch apart to repair it.他把手表拆开来修理。The two villages are three miles apart.这两个村子相距三英里。He lives apart from his family.他与家人不住在一起。常用词组：apart from 除外All the children like music apart from Bobby.除了博比外所有的孩子都喜欢音乐。（=except）Apart from being too large, the trousers dont suit me.这条裤子不但太大，而且我穿着也不合适。（=besides）Apart from a few words, I do not know any French at all.除了很少的几句外，我对法语一无所知。（=except for）二、句子解析1Outside his office waited his personal doctor, bringing him vital news about the only medicine which could save his life.（1）Outside his office waited his personal doctor是一个完全倒装句。必须符合下列两个条件才能完全倒装：地点状语或副词放在句首句子的主语是名词。Here comes a bus.Cf. Here he comes.（2） bringing分词短语做伴随状语。The children went out of the classroom, singing and dancing.2Despite the healthy problems caused by his huge weight, he was still obsessed with makingmoney.（1）despite = in spite of prep. 尽管如此Despite the traffic jam he arrived here on time.= Although he was caught in a traffic jam, he arrived here on time.（2）be obsessed with/ by 被困扰，被缠住She is obsessed with the fear of death.3The doctor, a tall, thin, American with a worried look, came in and started to examine his wealthy patient nervously.（1）look=expression 表情（2）examine 检查疾病，诊断；测验；调查，研讨The doctor examined him thoroughly.We had our suitcases examined at the airport.I examined students in English.4These days weare all aware of the many threats to the environment and the need to act in a responsible manner to protect the world which we all share.（1）the environment 自然环境the surroundings 周围环境（2）manner 方式；行为，礼貌（常用复数）Its bad manners to talk with their mouthful.（3）which we all share 定语从句修饰the world5So the next time you or your parents go out to buy a fridge, choose one of the ozone-friendly models.the next time 引导时间状语从句可引导时间状语从句的time 短语：在every time, each time, (the) next time, (the)last time, by the time, the first time, any time 等以time结尾的短语也可引导从句。如：Next time I meet him, I am sure I can recognize him at once.三、语法点拨(一)宾语从句应注意的几个问题1关于that 的省略。宾语从句中及物动词后that 常可以省略（1）当两个宾语从句并列，并且第二个是由that引导的时候，第二个that不能省略。The teacher told us (that)Tom had left us for America.He said he was not in at that time and that he should be blamed for the accident.（2）当宾语从句中动词与从句被插入语分开是，that不能省略。When he got to London, he found, however, that his English was too poor.He told me (that) he went to Hugang last week and that he would stay here for three days.2关于否定转移. Think, believe, suppose, expect等动词的宾语从句如是否定，往往转移到主语上来。如：We dont think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。I dont believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。3在带复合宾语的句子中, that引导的宾语从句要放到句子的后面，it 做形式宾语。You may think it strange that anyone could live in such a place.I heard it said that he had won the first prize.4在SOIRDC (suggest, order, insist, request, demand /desire, command 等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“(should)+动词原形”。例如：I insist that she (should) do her work alone.我坚持要她自己工作。The commander ordered that troops(should)set off at once.司令员命令部队马上出发。5注意时态呼应，当主句为过去时时，从句时态一般用有关过去的时态.He said (that) he liked Hugang Middle School and that he would go to it next year.6I am sure that / I am not sure whetherI dont doubt that / I doubt whether(二) 名词性从句引导词的考点1Who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法区别一般说来，what/who等含特指意义，而whatever / whoever等含泛指意义，意为“无论什么/无论谁”。例1It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.AhoweverBwhateverCwhicheverDwhenever解析：答案是B，whatever引导一个宾语从句，并且作wants的宾语。这里的whatever不能改成what，因为题意想表达的显然是“无论孩子要什么就给他/她什么事不明智的”，具有泛指的概念。同时要注意，这里whatever也不能改用no matter what，因为后者只能引导状语从句。比较下例：I cant remember at the moment who has said the words. (这里的who表特定的某人)2引导词that（1）引导宾语从句时，that通常可以省略，但引导主语、表语和同位语从句时，that不能省。例2Chinas success in manned-spacecraft travel shows _ our country has become one of the greatest powers in space research.AwhatBwhichC不填Dit that解析：该句中的从句作shows的宾语，是宾语从句，又因为从句中不缺主、宾语，所以只能用that引导；又因引导宾语从句时that可以省略，所以答案是C。（2）位于句首引导主语从句的that不可忘。例如：That he got the first place in the competition surprised all of us.（3）在“It is suggested/proposed/ordered/a pity/no wonder/necessary/strange/+that从句”结构中，that从句谓语有时用(should)do这样的虚拟语气形式。例如：It is suggested that we(should) improve the relations between us.It is a pity that one(should) stay in one place all ones life.It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings(缺点).（4）在“The reason whyis that”句式中that不要误为because.例如：The reason why he didnt go to school yesterday is that he was ill.（5）名词从句中that, what用法比较：引导主、宾、表语从句时，that是连词，在句中无成份，无意义，而what是连接代词，whatthe thing(s) that. 即what 要充当主语、宾语或表语等句子成分，that 不作任何成分，只起语法连接作用(因为句子本身不缺成分)。例如：It was told in yesterdays newspaper that what the students had done was praised by the factory.I know that he will study.I know what he will study.He is not what(the person that)he used to be.他和以前大不相同了。例3_ we cant get seems better than _ we have.AWhat; what BWhat; thatCThat; that DThat; what解析：本句包含一个主语从句和一个宾语从句，且两个从句都缺乏宾语，可见两个引导词都必须充当从句的宾语，所以答案为 A 项。3whether和if都可以引导宾语从句表达“是否”意：引导宾语从句时if和whether可以互换；引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时，连词要用 whether，而不用if；习惯上也只能说 whether or not，而不说 if or not。（1）引导主语从句且在句首时。例：Whether he has won the tennis is not known.（2）引导表语从句时。例The problem is whether he can get a job.（3）引导同位语从句时。例：I have no idea whether he will come.（4）介词后的whether从句。例：I worry abo