高一英语Module 4 Great Scientists外研社知识精讲

高一英语 Module 4 Great Scientists 外研社 【本讲教育信息】 一. 教学内容： Module 4 Great Scientists 二. 重难点讲解： 1. educate 动词 v. 教育，培养 teach and train He was educated at a technical college. His father sent him to Germany to be educated. Educated by the Youth League, she has made rapid progress. He was educated in law. 2. original 形容词 adj. 最早的；最先的；最初的 first, earliest I have the bicycle now but my sister was the original owner. they were the original inhabitants of the country. 形容词 adj. 原物的；非仿制的 that is real,not a copy This picture is a copy. The original painting is in a museum. 形容词 adj. 能产生新见解的 able to produce new idea His idea is quite original. an original edition 名词 n. 原作；原版；原稿；原物 thing of which there are copies He can read Shakespeare in the original. This is a good copy of the painting. The original is in the National Gallery. The copy is every bit as good as the original. after the original read the book in the original follow closely the original mutilate the original outshine the original 3. support 动词 v. 支持；支撑 keep something or someone up; hold the weight of something That small chair isnt strong enough to support that heavy man. This branch needs to be supported. What is supporting the roof? He was supporting himself with a stick. Let me support you, take my arm. 动词 v. 资助；维持 help someone by giving money, etc. Air, food and water are necessary to support life. 动词 v. 供养；养活 give food, clothes, and a home to someone Mr. Donovan has to support a large family. He has a wife and fifteen children to support. 动词 v. 拥护；支持；帮助 say that one thinks someone is best, right, etc. help He decided not to support the new government. He has always supported the weaker party. 动词 v. 证明；证实 serve to show （a statement, theory, etc.）to be true; give proof of; confirm He told us facts which supported his argument. 不可数名词 n.U 支持；拥护 supporting someone or something; thing that gives support We cheered to show support for our team. Hes much stronger now; he can stand without support. without support give （some, any, not much, etc.）support （to） 不可数名词 n.U 供养；生计 means of maintenance Hes the only support that his poor old mother has. He does nothing for the support of his family. 不可数名词 n.U 支持；后援；后盾 backing influence I hope to have your support. 可数名词 n.C 支持者；支撑物；支柱；支座 thing or person that supports Put a support under it. Take the supports away. 4. convert v.转变，转换；使皈依宗教 n.改变信仰的人 及物动词 vt. 改变，转换 change; turn Heat converts water into steam. We converted defeat into victory. This seat converts into a bed. convert cotton into cloth convert a bank note into gold convert the sitting-room into a bedroom 5. export 动词 v. 输出，出口 sell goods, etc. to another country Many raw materials are exported to foreign countries. Brazil exports coffee. 可数名词 n.C 输出品，出口商品 something that one country sells to another country Both imports and exports continue to grow in volume. Tea is an Indian export. 不可数名词 n.U 出口，输出 selling things to other countries Spain grows oranges for export. goods for export allow the export of prohibit（=stop） the export of tax the exports 6. replace 及物动词 vt. 替换；取代；轮换 put one thing in place of another thing More new machines will be installed to replace the old ones. Slowly each grain of wood was replaced with grains of minerals. Lao Yang was elected to replace Lao Zhu in the committee. 7. diagnose 及物动词 vt. 诊断 to discover the nature of （a disease） The doctor diagnosed my illness as flu. 8. escape 动词 v. 逃跑，逃脱 to get free from someone or something that is trying to hold one The thief escaped by the backdoor. The bird escaped from the cage. They had no chance to escape. 动词 v. 漏出，流出 find a way out of a place Water is escaping from the broken pipe. The air is escaping somewhere. 动词 v. 摆脱，躲避 stay, keep, or get away from something that you do not like He escaped being punished. They escaped many difficulties. 名词 n. 脱逃 the act of escaping There was no escape（from his enemies）. They had little hope of escape. 名词 n. 漏（气、水） the escaping or flow of gas, water etc There must be an escape of gas. 三. 重难点词汇辨析： 1. catch sb. doing sth； be （get） caught in sth. catch sb. doing sth.作“碰（遇）上某人正在做某事”解。例如： The policeman caught two men fighting in the street. 警察碰见两个人 在街上打架。 The man was caught stealing the apples. 那人偷苹果时，被当场发现。 be （get） caught in sth. “遇上而受阻”之意。例如： I got caught in the traffic. 我因交通堵塞而受阻。 I was caught in a storm on my way to school. 我在去学校的路上遇到了 暴雨。 2. care about; care for; care; care to care about“关心；计较；在乎” ，指由于某事重要，或因责任所在而关心计 较，一般用于否定句。如： He doesnt care about his clothes. 他不讲究衣 着。 I dont care about going there. 去不去那里，我无所谓。 care for“关心；照料；喜欢；愿意” 。作“关心；照料”讲，一般用于肯定 句或疑问句。如： Who will care for your children when you are away? 你离 开期间谁照顾你的孩子？ How the Party cares for us!党是多么关心我们啊！ Would you care for a walk? 你愿意去散步吗？ He cares more for fine new clothes than for anything else. 他喜爱漂亮的新衣胜于其他的一切。 care 还可作及物动词，但其后通常接从句。如： I dont care who you are. 我不管你是谁。 I dont care what you say. 不论你说什么，我都不在乎。 care to“愿意，欲望” ，后接动词原形。如： I dont care to go there. 我不愿意去那里。 3. carry off; carry away; carry out 表示“运走” ；“掠走” ，用 carry off 或 carry away 均可。但两者也有不同 之处：carry off 可表示“夺得”某种奖赏；carry away 可表示“吸引住” 。如： After destroying the village, the enemy carried offaway all the cattle. 在毁掉村子之后，敌人把牲畜都掠走了。 I carried off the first prize. 我获 得了头等奖。 We were carried away by her songs. 她的歌声令我们浑然忘我。 carry out 的意思是“搬出（某物） ” ；“履行（计划或义务等） ” 。如： Would you please carry out the desk into the garden 请你把桌子搬到花园里去好 吗？ You must carry out your duty. 你必须履行你的职责。 4. carry out; carry on 注意两者的区别：carry out 意为“执行、实行” ；carry on 表示“（继续） 进行、进行下去” ，强调坚持。如： The group of soldiers carried out a secret military action the other day. 几天前，这群士兵执行了一次秘密的军事行动。 Comrades in Germany were carrying on a heroic fight against war under conditions of fascism at that time. 那时，在德国的同志正在法西斯的统治区进行一场英勇的反战斗争。 【典型例题】 易受“心理定势”干扰的选择题 1. He couldnt help _ anything for his family because he was busy with the entrance exam. A. doing B. to do C. did D. and did 2. We should prevent pollution _ happily. A. living B. from living C. to living D. to live 3. He was too busy _ his friend. A. receive B. to receive C. receiving D. received 4. The girl looked _ at her dying cat. A. happy B. happily C. sad D. sadly 5. It is hot _ January. Better take off your coat. A. in B. during C. for D. to 6. Is _ “m” the 13th letter in the English alphabet A. / B. a C. an D. the 7. _, she could hardly have any time to play with her little daughter. A. Busy as she was B. As was she busy C. was busy she D. As she was busy 8. Do you have any idea of the reason _ he referred to A. that B. as C. why D. when 9. Is this the park _ he visited his friend the other day A. the one B. that C. where D. / 10. He hid himself behind the door _ he still could see what would happen to his classmate. A. there B. which C. from which D. from where 11. They have a bridge to have _ rebuilt. A. somebody B. it C. / D. that 12. It is known _ all that the electric light was invented by Edison. A. to B. by C. for D. as 13. _ either you or I to look after her A. Am B. Is C. Are D. Should 14. Why dont you come again _ other day A. the B. some C. any D. in 15. Mary didnt come to out party yesterday because he was busy preparing for the exam. We all felt sorry _ her. A. for B. without C. except D. besides 16. _ will all have to answer for the fire. A. You, he and I B. I, you and he C. He, I and you D. He, you and I 17. An ant has two _ in its body. A. stomach B. stomaches C. stomachs D. both B and C 18. The family has been _ the lost child for nearly a month. A. in a long search for B. searching for C. in a long search of D. searching 19. He must have been asleep at that time, _ he A. mustnt B. neednt C. hadnt D. wasnt 20. _ 1994, he had learned advanced mathematics al by himself. A. By B. Until C. In D. Around 21. The tower is taller than _ building around it. A. any B. any other C. the other D. any of the other 22. China is larger than _ country in Africa. A. any other B. all other C. all the D. any 23. It rains more often in Shanghai than _. A. Beijing B. in Beijing C. it in Beijing D. that in Beijing 24. Beijing has a much larger population than _. A. Nanjing B. that of Nanjing C. that in Nanjing D. in Nanjing 25. Towards _ evening, _ cold rain began. A. /;a B. an; a C. an; / D. the; / 答案： 15 BDBDC 610 ADACD 1115 CACBB 16-20 BCADA 2125 ADBAA 【模拟试题】 （答题时间：30 分钟） （一） Now Id like to talk to you about your final exam. The exam will be held next Thursday, the last day of the exam week. Remember to bring two of three pens in case you run out of ink. And unlike the midterm exam, this test will not include multiple - choice questions; it will consist entirely of essays（文章）. Youll have to answer three of the five essay questions. The exam will be comprehensive （全面的）, which means youll be responsible for all of the subject matters we covered in class this term, I would suggest you review your midterm exam as well as textbooks and your class notes. The final exam will count as 50 percent of your grade of the course. The research project （项目） will count as 20 percent and the midterm exam 30 percent. Ill be in my office almost all day next Tuesday. If you run into any problems, please drop in. Good luck to you and Ill see you on Tuesday. 1. When will the final exam take place? A. On Tuesday B. On a Wednesday C. On a Thursday D. On a Friday 2. What will be included in the exam? A. There will be only multiple-choice questions. B. The exam will contain both multiple-choice and essay questions. C. The exam will have an oral and a written section. D. There will be only essay questions. 3. Why does the teacher call the exam comprehensive? A. It will be easy to understand. B. Students will be tested on all the material discussed in class. C. It will cover topics from a wide variety of subjects. D. Students must complete all parts of it. 4. The underlined phrase run into probably means . A. go into B. meet somebody unexpectedly C. come up against something with force D. come across 5. When was this talk most likely given? A. During the first week of class B. During midterm week C. On the last day of class D. On the last day of exam week （二） When Dean Arnold got his first job, he was miserable （痛苦的）, Each time he went to work, he coughed and he couldnt breathe. Working in a bakery（面包房） when you are allergic to （对过敏） flour can be painful. But Arnold stayed with the National Biscuit Company for ten years. He was a businessman and he helped them improve production. At last his health problems became too serious. He left and formed his own company. With his wife and mother, he founded Arnold Bakery. They tried new recipes （配方）. changing the kind and amount of flour used. This enabled Arnold to work there without too much pain. The bread, made with unbleached flour （标准粉）, was baked in a brick oven