烹饪原料学单词+汇总.ppt

第一章,烹饪原料:cookingmaterials或rawmaterialsofdiet,第二章,束缚水(结合水)：boundwater自由水(游离水)：freewater滞化水：immobilizedwater毛细管水（细胞间水）：capillarywater自由流动水：fluidlywater糊化：gelatinization老化：retrogradation简单脂类：simplelipids复合脂类：compoundlipids衍生脂类：derivedlipids,酸败：rancidity蛋白质：proteins单纯蛋白：simpleproteins白蛋白：albumins球蛋白：globulins谷蛋白：glutelins醇溶谷蛋白：prolamines组蛋白：histones精蛋白：spermatines硬蛋白：scleroproteins,胶原蛋白：collagen弹性蛋白：elastin结合蛋白：conjugatedproteins磷蛋白：phosphoproteins脂蛋白：lipoproteins色蛋白：chromoproteins核蛋白：nucleoproteins糖蛋白：glycoproteins变性作用：denaturation羰氨反应（美拉德反应）：maillardreaction,维生素：vitamins维生素A：retinol维生素D：cholecalciferol维生素E：tocopherol维生素K：phylloquinone维生素B2：riboflavin维生素C（抗坏血酸）：ascorbicacid矿物质：minerals类胡萝卜素：carotenoids花青素：anthocyans,花黄素：anthoxanthins虾青素：astaxanthin原生质：protoplasm原生质体：protoplast细胞壁：cellwall纹孔：pit胞间连丝：plasmodesma细胞膜：cellmembrane质膜：plasmamembrane细胞质：cytoplasm,基质：groundsubstance内含物：inclusion细胞器：organelle内质网：endoplasmicreticulum高尔基复合体：golgicomplx高尔基器：golgiapparatus线粒体：mitochondria线粒体嵴：cristae溶酶体：lysosome质体：plastid,白色体：leucoplast叶绿体：chloroplast有色体：chromoplast造粉体：amyloplast造油体：elaioplast造蛋白体：proteinoplast叶绿素：cholrophyll叶黄素：xanthophyll胡萝卜素：carotin,片层结构：lamellae液泡：vacuole基粒：granum细胞液：cellsap过氧化酶体：peroxisome微体：microbody核糖核蛋白体（核糖体）：ribosome微管：microtubules微丝：microfilament中心体：centriosome,细胞核：nucleus组织：tissue器官：organ系统：system成熟组织：maturetissue原分生组织：promersitem初生分生组织：primarymeristem,第三章,分类(classification)生物分类学(taxonomy)人为的分类系统(artificialsystem)自然分类系统(naturalsystem)界(kingdom)门(phylum)纲(class)目(order)科(family),属(genus)种(species)总(super-)亚(sub-)亚门(phylum)总纲(superclass)总目(superorder)亚科(subfamily)亚属(subgenus)亚种(subspecies)动物界(Animalia,棘皮动物门(Echinodermata)海参纲(Holothuroidea)楯手目(Aspidocchirota)刺参科(Stichopodidae)变种(variety)品种(breed)学名(scientificname)俗名(commonname)双名法(binomialnomenclature)三名法(trinomialnomenclature),第五章粮食,粮食foodgrain谷类粮食cereals黑米blackrice香米scentedrice小麦粉wheatflour豆类粮食beans薯类粮食yams粮食制品grainproducts,第六章蔬菜,蘑菇：mushroom藻类：algae,第七章果品,按果实的组织结构分类真果truefruit假果spurious花被perianth花托receptacle单果simplefruit聚合果aggregatefruit复果collectivefruit外果皮exocarp中果皮mesocarp内果皮endocarp,1、肉果（1）梨果pome（2）核果drupe（3）浆果berry胎磨placenta（4）柑果hesperidium（5）瓠果pepo,2、干果（1）裂果dehiscentfruit莢果legume蓇葖果follide蒴果capsule（2）闭果indehiscentfruit瘦果achene坚果nut颖果caryopsis翅果samara双悬果cremocarp,19,香蕉(Banana)苹果(Apple)柑桔(Citrus)橙(Orange)西瓜(Watermelon)梨(Pear)柠檬(Lemon)草莓(Strawberry)黑莓(Blackberry)蜜瓜(Melon),西柚(Grapefruit)桃(Peach)杏(Apricot)猕猴桃(Kiwifruit)油梨(Avocado)樱桃(Cherry)无花果(Fig)番石榴(Guava)野杨莓(Raspberry)芒果(Mango),20,核桃(Walnut)松籽(Pinenut)花生(Peanut)杏仁(Apricotkernel)巴旦杏仁(Almond),板粟(Hairychestnut)腰果仁(Cashewseed)榛子(Hazelnrut)夏威夷果仁(Macadamianut)山核桃(Hickory),第八章畜类原料,PSE猪肉PaleSoftExudativepork西式咸肉（培根）bacon乳制品milkproducts稀奶油cream奶油butter,第九章禽类原料,北京鸭Pekingduck王鸽kingpigeon青铜色火鸡bronieturkey灰青色火鸡slateTurkey板鸭pressedsaltedduck蛋壳Shell蛋白albaminwhite蛋黄yolk蛋黄膜yolkmembrane引黄素cryptoxanthin黄体素lutein玉米黄素zeaxanthin,第十章两栖爬行类原料,Amphibians两栖纲Caeciliapachynema蚓螈Megalobatrachusjaponicus大鲵Anura无尾目Urodela有尾目Apoda无足目Squamata有鳞目,Crocodilia鳄目Cheloniidae海龟科Dermochelidae棱皮龟科Colubridae游蛇科Boidae蟒科Elapidae眼镜蛇科Viperidae蝰科Crotalinae蝮亚科,Colubridae游蛇科Boidae蟒科Elapidae眼镜蛇科Viperidae蝰科Crotalinae蝮亚科,第十一章鱼类原料,鳍条finray普通肉ordinarymuscle鱼翅sharksfin鱼肚fishglue鱼皮sharksskin鱼唇sharkslip鱼骨fishbone鱼信fishspinalcordfood鱼子roe鱼片fillet,第十二章无脊椎动物原料,虾青素：astaxanthin虾红素：astascin,第十三章调料,调料flavoring调味料seasoning粗盐coarsesalt食盐salt精盐tablesalt加碘盐additioniodinesalt酱油soysauce酱thicksauce面酱thicksaucefromflour大豆酱soybeanpaste,蚕豆酱broadbeanpaste沙茶酱barbequesauce豆豉fermentedsoybeans食糖sugar白砂糖whitesugar绵白糖castorsugar赤砂糖browngranulatedsugar土红糖rawsugar冰糖rocksugar方糖blocksugar,饴糖maltsugar蜂蜜honey糖精钠saccharinsodium田野菊苷stevioside食醋vinegar香醋aromaticvinegar米醋ricevinegar熏醋smokedvinegar糟醋grainsvinegar糖醋sugarvinegar,番茄酱redeye（ketchup）柠檬酸citricacid苹果酸malicacid辣椒制品chiliproduct辣椒干driedchili辣椒粉chilipowder辣椒油chilioil泡辣椒dunkedchili胡椒pepper芥末mustard,芥子苷mustardglycosides黑芥子苷sinigrin白芥子苷sinabin黄姜turmeric姜turmeric辣根horse-radish咖喱粉curry花椒Chinesepricklyash味精gourmetpowder强力味精aggrandizementgourmentpowder,耗油oystersauce鱼露fishsauce虾油shrimpsauce调香料flavor，spice，spicery芳香料spicery八角茴香aniseed茴香fennel桂皮Chinesecinnamon月桂叶cherrybayleaf丁香clove,藏茴香Xinjiangfennel迷迭香rosemarry百里香thyme罗勒basil木犀花devilwoodflower玫瑰花rose番红花crocus苦香料bitterspicery陈皮driedorangepeel草果tsaoko,肉豆蔻nutmeg酒香料alcoholflavoring酒酿fermentedglutinousrice香糟sweetsmellinggrains调色料mixcoloradditive食用色素ediblepigment使用天然色素savagenesspigment红曲色素monascin紫胶虫色素laccaicacid姜黄素curcumin,甜菜红tablebeet-胡萝卜素carotenes辣椒红capsanthin玫瑰茄色素hibiscusanthocyans可可色素cocoapigment叶绿素铜钠chlorophylcuprumsodium焦糖色素caramel食用合成色素manualcomplexpigment苋菜红amaranth胭脂红ponceau4R,柠檬黄lartrazine靛蓝indigocarmine发色剂nitriteandnitrate调质剂amelioratetextureadditive膨松剂expandadditive碱性膨松剂alkalescenceexpandadditive复合膨松剂complexexpandadditive发酵粉bakingpowder生物膨松剂yeast明矾alum,压榨酵母breadyeast活性干酵母driedyeast老酵母yeastpaste凝固剂concretingaddition增稠剂increaseiscidityadditive淀粉strach，amylum果胶pecyin琼脂agay致嫩剂meattenderadditive木瓜蛋白酶papain,菠萝蛋白酶bromelin无花果蛋白酶ficin,第十四章辅料,豆油soy-beanoil花生油peanutoil菜籽油rape-seedoil棉籽油cotton-seedoil芝麻油sesameoil核桃油walnutoil棕榈油palmoil米糠油ricebranoil玉米油mai