不定式,动名词和分词的区别

不定式和动名词作主语区别1.含义上的不同。 不定式一般表示特定的，具体的行为，特别是表示将来的，或一次性的行为。如： To write a new book about medicine is his wish. 写一部医学方面的新书是他的愿望。（将来的动作） It took me two hours to finish this work today. (表示一次性的动作) 动名词表示一般的事实 Raising pigs is her job. 养猪是她的工作。2. 结构上的不同。 在一些固定的句子中 动名词 Its no use doing It is useless doing 做 无用 Its no good doing Its no help doing 做 无用，无益 There be 句型 There is no joking about such matter. 不定式It isnt easy to do I have no time to do 不定式复合结构 It is + adj.+ of/for sb + to do It is very kind of you to help me. 代词+不定式结构 Marys coming late made him angry. 疑问词+不定式 Where to hold the meeting has not been decided. Its time for sb to do3. 主语和表语同时使用要一致 To live is to learn. Reading is learning.不定式、动名词和分词作表语区别1.动名词和不定式相当于一个名词，分词相当于一个形容词。2.不定式、动名词与分词作表语的区别。不定式和动名词作表语相当于一个名词作表语，含义是回答主语“是什么”；分词作表语相当于形容词作表语，含义是回答主语“怎么样”。如： Ourplanistokeeptheaffairsecret.我们的计划是让这件事成为秘密。（主语和表语是相等的） Theirjobismakingwheelchairsfordisabledpeople.他们的工作是为残疾人制造轮椅。（主语和表语是相等的） Themusictheyareplayingsoundsexciting.他们演奏的音乐听起来令人激动。（主语并不等于表语）3. 不定式和动名词作表语的区别。不定式和动名词作表语虽都是用于回答主语“是什么”的，但二者仍有一些区别。不定式作表语强调的是一次性、具体的、将要发生的动作；动名词作表语强调的是一般性、抽象的、经常发生的动作。(跟主语一样)Hisjobistopaintthewalls.他的工作是粉刷这些墙。（一次性的，具体的，目前要做的事情，并不是他日常的工作） Hisjobispaintingwalls.他的工作是粉刷墙。（这是他日常的工作）4. 现在分词作表语表示主语的特征或属性；动名词作表语表示主语的内容、功能等。The news is exciting. (现在分词表特征） The story sounds interesting. (现在分词表特征）Her work is nursing children. （动名词表内容） Her favorite job is teaching English. (动名词表内容）不定式、动名词作宾语动名词：enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 spend.doing sth. 花费做某事 be busy doing sth. 忙于做 imagine sb. doing sth. 想象做某事 cant help doing sth. 忍不住做某事 feel like doing sth. 想要做某事finish doing sth. 完成做某事 practice doing sth. 练习做某事miss doing sth. 错过做某事suggest doing sth. 建议做某事 keep (on) doing sth. 保持（继续）做某事mind doing sth. 介意做某事 be worth doing sth. 值得做某事 consider doing sth. 考虑做某事常考介词: at, in, on， of, off, for, from， up, about, without， to 等等be good at doing sth 擅长做某事 be interested in doing sth.对做某事感兴趣 insist on doing 坚持做某事be used for doing sth. 被用来做某事 thank sb. for doing sth. 谢谢某人做某事be tired of doing sth. 厌烦做某事 be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事 put off doing 推迟做某事stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事give up doing sth. 放弃做某事without doing sth. 没有做某事think about doing sth. 考虑做某事What How about doing 做某事怎么样?look forward to doing sth.（盼望）pay attention to doing sth.（注意） be used to doing sth. （习惯于） prefer doing sth to doing sth更喜欢） devote to doing sth （致力于）make a contribution to doing(做贡献）不定式：decide to do sth. 决定做某事want would like to do sth. 想做某事 plan to do sth. 计划做某need to do sth. 需要做某事 agree to do sth. 同意做某事afford to do 能做某事 be used to do 被用来做cant wait to do 迫不及待地要做某事make up ones mind to do 下决心做某事 used to do 过去常常做某事fail to do 未能做某事happen, wish, hope, refuse, offer, learn, agree不定式、动名词和分词作宾语补足语的区别：不定式：ask sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事tell sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 promise sb. to do 答应某人做某事 warn sb. not to do sth. 告诫某人做某事allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事省略to 的不定式：使役动词和感官动词后：一感二听三让四看 feel/ hear, listen to/ let,make, have, / look at, see, watch, noticeo had better （not）do sth. 最好(不)做o why not /why dont you do sth为什么不做?o help sb.（to）do stho Would rather宁愿做would rather do A than (do) Bo would you pleaseo 情态动词+do，助动词+do区别：see sb. doing/ do sth.hear sb. doing/ do sth.watch sb. doing/ do sth.notice sb. doing/ do sth.感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel+ do表示动作的完整性，+doing 表示动作的进行性。注意：被动语态中不能省去to。I cant understand his behaving like that. his behaving 名词所有格或者物主代词+动名词I saw him standing there. They found the story amusing. 名词或人称代词的宾格+现在分词不定式、动名词和分词作定语的区别：1、动名词作定语表示所修饰名词的作用、用途等，常常放在所修饰名词之前；I want to join the story telling club. flying suit = suit for flying 飞行衣a walking stick a swimming pool a sleeping car2、现在分词作定语表示它所修饰的名词的动作，被修饰名词与现在分词在逻辑上是主谓关系，说明所修饰的词、所代表的人或物所做的动作或特征；单个分词作定语，位于所修饰的名词之前，分词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词之后。flying fish = fish which can fly 飞鱼 The walking man The swimming girl The sleeping boy3.不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面，而且放在其他后置定语之后。不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系(1)动宾关系 I have a lot of work to do. (2)主谓关系 He is always the first to come. (3)同位关系 We all have a chance to go to college.不定式、动名词和分词作状语的区别:1)分词作状语一般表示伴随，而不定式常常表示目的。 They stood by the roadside talking about the plan他们站在路边谈论着这个计划。(伴随) They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划。(目的) 2)分词作状语放在句子开头，除表示原因之外有时表示时间或条件。动词不定式作状语时，除了表示目的以外，还表示结果或原因。 Reading attentively，he forgot the time for lunch由于在专心读书，他忘了吃午饭的时间。(原因) Reading carefully，he found something he had not known before他仔细读书时发现了些从前不知道的东西。(时间) Reading carefully，youll learn something new只要你仔细阅读，你会学到一些新的东西。(条件) His family was too poor to support him他的家庭太穷，不能维持他的生活。(结果) The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf这男孩个子不够高，手伸不到书架。(结果) We are glad to hear the news我们很高兴听到这消息。(原因) 注：在do nothinganythingeverything but(except)结构中。例如： Last nigh