高考英语熟词生义

高考英语熟词生义普通高等学校招生全国统一考试说明中的词汇表是命题人的主要依据，而这个词汇表只提供了英语单词或短语的拼写形式，未有词性和词义。这就给命题人提供了广阔的活动空间，给他们减少了很多限制，但却给考生增加了几倍的难度。因为英语中的一词多义多性现象是普遍存在的。例如：2001年全国卷中第26题：We didnt plan our art exhibition like that but it_ very wellAworked out Btried out Cwent on Dcarried on正确答案为A。此处work out的词义为“（情况）发展”、“进行”。其余干扰项的干扰作用都很大。如果没有完全掌握work out的含义，根本无法选定这个选项，更何况，我们的课本根本未有把work out作“（情况）进展”、“进行”解释过。单选题如此，阅读理解、完形填空等题中熟词生义现象更是比比皆是。为了能使我们广大考生顺利通过考试，我们将根据考试说明的词汇表，按照字母顺序举例解析我们常见常考的熟词生义。2009年全国卷I：Encourage your children to try new things. But try not to _ them too hard.A. draw B. strike C. rush D. push (逼迫，敦促)本来push表示推的意思。2009年全国卷II：If you leave the club, you will not be _ back in.A. receivedB. admitted(准许进入，准许加入俱乐部，组织等；接收入学) C, turned D. moved admit 本来表示承认山东卷2009：-Do you have enough to _all your daily expenses?-Oh, yes, enough and to spare. (闲置的，不用的，闲钱)A. cover (钱足够之用)B. spend C. fill D. offer2009湖北卷：Some parents are just too protective. They want to _their kids from every kind of danger, real or imagined.A. spot B. dismiss C. shelter( 保护，庇护) D. distinguishshelter 本意：居所，住处，遮蔽物，庇护处2008年山东卷：The fact that she never apologized _ a lot about what kind of person she is .A. says (显示，表明) B. talks C. appears D. declares 2008湖北卷：Though having lived abroad for years, many Chinese still _ the traditional customs.A. perform B. possess C. observe (遵守规则，法律等) D. support 2009年山东卷完型41：I can still remember he was always wearing (流露，面带) a smile and willing to help.A1. absent (adj. 缺席的)He looked at me in all absent way. (adj. 茫然的，恍惚的)2. abuse (v. 滥用；漫骂)She is quite a successful career woman, but actually shes much abused at home. (v. 虐待)3. ache (v. & n. 疼痛) He was aching for home. (v. 渴望)4. act (v. & n. 行动)It takes a couple of minutes for the drug to act. (vi. 起作用)5. address (n. 地址v. 写地址)It is said that our headmaster will address the meeting. (vt. 向发表演说) 8. against (prep. 逆着，反对；倚，靠；碰) The picture looks nice against the white wall. (prep. 映衬) 9. age (n. 年龄) Worry aged him rapidly. (v. (使)变老)10. air (n. 空气)Dont air your troubles too often. (v. 抒发；倾诉；播送)There was a comfortable air about her room. (n. 样子，神态，气氛)11. alone (adv. 单独地，一个人地)She alone was able to answer the question. (adv. 仅仅，只有)12. amount (n. 量) The cost amounted to $200. (v. (to) 共计，达到)What you have said amounts to a plain refusal. (v. 相当于)13. announce (宣布)A warm sunshine announces the coming of spring. (vt. 显示，预告)14. appreciate (v. 欣赏；感激；感谢)I appreciate that I may be wrong. (V. 意识到(realize) 15. attend (v. 出席；参加) The nurse attended to him day and night. (v. 看护；治疗；陪同)16. accompany (vt. 陪伴；伴奏)Strong winds accompanied the heavy rain. (v. 伴随)17. allow (v. 允许) This diet allows you one glass of wine a day. (vt. 使可能) 18. approach (vt. 靠近；接近)I approached him about filling the managers job. (v. 接洽；建议；要求)19. available (adj. 可得到的；可找到的)The worthy professor is now available. (adj. (人)有空的)B20. become (v. 变得，变成)Her new hat certainly becomes her. (vt. 适于，适合)21. behavior (n. 举止；行为)The behavior of this computer is moderately good. (n. 性能，特点)22. blank (adj. 空白的n. 空白)The stranger returned my greeting with a blank look. (adj. 没表情的；没兴趣的)I cannot recall where Ive left my umbrella; my minds a complete blank! (n. 记忆中的空白，遗忘)23. blue (adj. & n. 蓝色)His songs always make me feel blue. (adj. 忧伤的)24. bare (adj. 裸露的) He likes to bare his heart / soul with his close friends. (vt. 向某人袒露心声)25. bear (vt. 忍受；容忍) He was badly wounded in the war and still bears the scars. (v. 显示；带有)26. bound (a由. 一定会) I dont like being desk-bound all day. (adj. 受约束的)C27. cause (v. 致使) We are struggling for revolutionary cause. (n. 事业)28. celebrate (vt. 庆祝) He celebrated her for her courage. (vt. 称颂，赞扬)29. climate (n. 气候)The cultural climate here is somehow a little upsetting. (n. 风气；思潮；倾向)30. cloudy (adj. 阴的，多云的) Who did it still remains cloudy. (adj. 不明朗的，不清晰的)31. coach (n. 教练) She coached me in English. (v. 辅导，指导)32. count (n. &v. 计算，数)(1) There are 10 people in the classroom counting two teachers. (vt. 包括)(2) It is not how much you read but what you read that counts. (vt. 有价值，重要)(3) She was counted among the greatest dancers. (vt. 以为，视为) 33. couple (n. 一对，一双；一对夫妇或情侣)The dining car was coupled onto the last coach. (v. 联合，连接)34. course (n. 课程；过程)The main course was a vegetable stew. (n. 一道菜)35. cross (v. 跨越，横穿n. 十字)Dont be cross with himafter all，he meant to help. (adj. 生气的)36. case (n. 情况；状况)There are three cases of fever in school. (n. 病例；案例)37. casual (adj. 偶然的；随意的) He was employed as a casual laborer. (adj. 临时的)38. cater (v. 为社交活动提供饮食；承办酒席) TV must cater for many different tastes. (v. 满足需要；迎合)39. challenge (v. 挑战)I challenged him to a game of chess. (v. 强烈建议某人干某事)40. chance (n. 机会) She chanced to be in when he called. (v. 碰巧)41. charge (v. 索价，收费；指控；控告)Mother charged Alice to take good care of the baby. (v. 赋予责任或义务)42. clean (adj. 干净的)I clean forgot about it (adv. 彻底地；完全地)43. consume (vt. 消耗；消费) The fire soon consumed the old wooden buildings in the neighborhood. (vt. 烧毁；毁灭)D44. damage (v. & n. 损坏) He claimed $7000 damages from the taxi company. (n. 赔偿金 (复)=compensation)45. dawn (n拂晓v. 破晓，天亮)The truth began to dawn on him. (v. 开始明白)46. desert (n. 沙漠)He deserted his wife and children and went abroad. (v. 抛弃，离弃) 47. develop (v. 发展；开发；研制)Did you have the films developed? (v. 冲印)develop a disease / a habit (v. 逐渐形成)Sure enough, most of the plants developed the disease. (vt. 患病；出现问题) 48. difficult (adj. 困难的) (adj.难以取悦的，不易满足的)He is a difficult man to contend with. 他是一个难对付的人。 49. dismiss. (v. 解雇，开除) He just laughed and dismissed my suggestion as unrealistic. (v. 拒绝考虑 (某观点等) 50. drive (v. 驾驶)Hunger drove her to steal. (V. 迫使某人 (做不好或不快的事)51. divorce (v. 与某人离婚)You cant divorce science from ethical questions. (v. 使分离；使脱离)52. draw (v. 画；拖；拉)What moral are we to draw from the story? (v. 获得，取得，推断出)E53. engage (vt. 从事)A personal computer engages his interest now. (vt. 吸引)54. excuse (n. 借口v. 原谅)He was excused from piano practice. (v. 免除某人的职责)55. express (v. 表达)His express wish was that you should come here by air. (adj. 明确的)Is there an express from Nanjing to Shanghai? (n. 快车)56. encourage (vt. 鼓励；激励)Good health encourages clear thinking. (v. 促进，助长，刺激)57. escape (v. 逃跑；逃脱) His name escapes me for the moment. (v. 被忘掉；被忽视)58. explode (v. 爆炸爆裂)Im about to explode! He broke my violin. (v. 勃然大怒；大发雷霆) 59. exploit (v. 开发；开采；剥削) You must exploit every opportunity to learn new things. (v. 利用)F60. fail (v. 失败)Our water supply failed. (v. 不足；缺乏)He is failing in health. / His health is failing. (v. 衰退，衰弱)He failed to lend her a hand. (v. 未能)Words failed him. (vt. 使失望；有负于) 61. fill (v. 填满)His answer did not fill our need. (vt. 满足)62. fine (adj. 美好的，很棒的，晴朗的)Theres a fine distinction between the meanings of the two words. (adj. 微妙的) The man will get a fine if he parks the car there. (n. 罚款)63. fond (adj.自由的，喜欢的；慈爱的；深情的)Fond parents will spoil their child. (adj. 溺爱的)64. force (vt. 强迫) The policeman forced the knife from the criminals hand. (vt. 夺取)He forced a smile when he saw me. (vt. force a smile挤出笑容)65. foreign (adj. 外国的；外交的)The subject is foreign to me. (adj. 不熟悉的)Telling lies is foreign to her nature. (adj. 和格格不人)66. form. (vt. 形成)I cannot form an opinion about it. (vt. 想出)67. freeze (v. 结冰，凝固)Freeze! Or Ill shoot. (v. 不许动) 68. fly (v. 飞；飞翔；飞彤n. 苍蝇)The children flew to meet their mother. (v. 疾驰；疾行)69. fresh (adj. 新鲜的)She is quite fresh to office work. (adj. 无经验的)G70. gain (v. 获得；赢得)Dont worry. My watch gains. We still have time. (v. (钟表)快)The ear gained speed gradually. (vt. 增加 (速度，重量)71. ground (n. 地面) He has strong grounds for more money. (n. 理由)Did the police have reasonable grounds to arrest him? (同上)We oppose the bill, on the grounds that it discriminates against women.72. glare (v. 怒目而视)The sun glared out of the blue sky. (v. 发出刺眼的光) 73. govern (v. 管理；控制) The law of supply and demand governs the prices of goods. (vt. 影响；支配)74. Grow up (长大；成熟) A warm friendship grew up between the two men. (逐渐发展；形成)H75. hit (vt. 击中，打击) The film Hero by Zhang Yimou is quite a hit of this year. (n. 成功；红极一时的人或事)76. hold (vt. 握住，抓住；抱住) His promise still holds. (vi：适用，有效) I77. ill (adj. 生病的) Its no good speaking ill of others. (adj. &adv. 坏的地) 78. industry (n. 工业；产业)His success was due to industry. (n. 努力；勤勉)79. interest (n. 兴趣) Our family has an interest in the business. (n. 利益；股份) 80. invent (v. 发明)He invented an excuse for his being late. (v. 捏造，虚构)81. invite (v. 邀请)Dont leave the window openits inviting thieves to enter. (v. 吸引)The dishes are really inviting. (adj. 诱人的)82. inspire (v：激励；鼓舞)His best music was inspired by the memory of his mother. (v. 启发)J83. jam (n. 果酱)He jammed four apples in his pocket. (vt. 塞进)The accident jammed the main road for2 hours. (vt. 堵塞)There are traffic jams every day on this road. (n. . 堵塞)84. jump (v. & n. 跳) Last week the price of goods jumped. (n. / v. 大幅度上涨)85. just (adv. 正好；恰好) You are a just person. (adj. 公正的)K86. kid (n. 小孩)Take it easy. Im just kidding. (v. 开玩笑；欺骗) 87. kill (v. 杀掉；害死)That guy hangs around all day long, just killing time. (v. 消磨 (时间)L88. late (adj. 迟到的地；晚的地) She missed her late husband very much. (adj. 已故的)89. lecture (v. n. 讲课；演讲) Do stop lecturing me. (V. 训斥；教训)90. lift (v. 拾高)Can you give me a lift? (n. 搭便车)His report gave us a lift. (n. 鼓舞)91. lose (V. 失去；丢掉) Please hurry! My watch loses 10 minutes. (vi. (钟表)慢 (与gain相对)92. lot (n. 量，批) It is difficult for us to find a parking lot outside some shopping centers. (n. 作某种用途的场地)93. lay (vt. 放置；产卵；下蛋)The foundations of the house are being laid today. (v. 铺；铺设)94. last (adj. 最后的) He is the last man I want to see. (adj. 最不可能的)M95. marry (v. 结婚，与某人结婚)This poem marries theme and style well. (V. 使紧密结合，使混为一体)96. mean (v. 意思是，意味着)Its mean of you to eat up all the apples. (adj. 自私的，卑鄙的，吝啬的)97. mend (v. 修理；修补) The patient is still mending slowly after the operation. (v. 痊愈；改善)98. message (n. 信息，口信)Id like to see a film with a message. (n.教益，寓意). 99. might (modal v. 或许)I use all my might to open the door. (n. 力量，权威)100. multiply (乘；v. 乘以；繁殖)We can multiply our chances of success. (v. 成倍增加；迅速增加)N101. note (n. 笔记) Learn the notes by heart. (n. 台词)I noted that her hands were dirty. (v. 注意，特别指出，提及)O102. open (v. 开adj. 开着，打开的)They left the matter open. (adj. (问题，议事等)未解决的)，103. operate (Vi. 机器运转工作；做手术)The medicine operated quickly. (vi. 起作用) P105. part (n. 部分；零件，角色)In order to raise money, he had to part with some of his most treasured possessions. (v.分手；放弃；卖掉) 106. position (n. 位置；职位). Whats your position on the problem? (n. 立场；观点)107. promise (v. & n. 许诺)The dark clouds promise rain. (v. 有的希望；使有可能)He is the most promising actor I have ever seen.108. pronounce (v. 发音)The judge pronounced against her appeal. (v. 宣称；宣布；判决)109. put up (建设；张贴)Could you put me up for the night? (留某人住宿)110. pick up (拾起，捡起；偶然发现；弄到手；听到，得到 (情报，知识)；康复，增加 (速度) Trains picked up the timber workers working in the forest farm every day. (用车接某人)The situation, however, is picking up gradually after a patch of bad time. (vi. 改善，好转)111. possess (拥有)A violent anger possessed him. (vt. (感情，情绪等)支配；控制)R112. rate (n. 比率，速度) These potatoes rate among the best. (v. 对作出评价；被认为，被评价为)113. read (v. 阅读)I didnt read mothers thoughts at that time. (v. 理解；领会)114. reflect (v. 映出；反射；表现) I need time to reflect on your offer. (v. 沉思；思考 (on / upon)115. round (prep. & adv. 环绕，围着adj. 圆形的)We are losing the game in the last round due t0 our complacency. (n. 回合；局；轮；)116. recover (v. 恢复健康；痊愈)He almost fell, but succeeded in recovering himself. (v. 恢复；重新控制)117. refresh (vt. 使恢复精力)Her words refreshed my memory. (、rt. 提醒；提示；使想起；重新斟满；刷新)118. relate (v. 与一有关；相关) I related my adventure to my family. (v. 讲述)119. remote (adj偏远的；偏僻的)He is a remote relative of mine. (adj. 关系较远的；远亲的)120. repair (熟义v. n. 修理)How can I repair the damage I have caused? (v. 补救；弥补)121. respect (vt。n尊敬；敬意)He has no respect for the feelings of others. (五重视；尊重；维护)122. review (vt. 复习)She reviewed what had happened. (vt. 回顾)S123. safe (adj. 安全的)He is a safe man. You can count on him. (adj. 谨慎的；不冒险的)124. say (vt. 说)Say that war breaks out, what will you do? (vt. 假定，显示，表明)125. see (vt.看到)This century has seen two world wars. (vt. 有的经验，经历，体验)126. shoulder (n. 肩膀)Young people should learn to shoulder the duty / blame. (v. 承担)127. sound (n. 声音)It is important to have a sound body. (adj. 健全的)My wife is a sound sleeper. (adj. 酣睡的)Your idea is very sound. (adj. 中肯的，合理的)We have come back safe and sound. (adj. 安全的)128. spare (adj.多余的；备用的；空余的v：吝惜；拨出，抽出)He spared the thief. (v. 饶恕；放过)129. spring (n. 春天；泉水)Fast food restaurants are springing up all over the city. (v. 猛然跳起；涌出)130. steal (v. 偷)He stole a glance of her in the mirror. (v. 快速或偷偷地取得)131. strength (n. 力气)Maths is not my strength. (n. 强项,优点，优势)132. succeed (v. 成功)(v. 继承) (v. 继任)134. surprise ( V. &t使惊讶，惊奇)Our troop